The study aimed to estimate a stochastic frontier production function and the inefficiency function for the production of wheat flour, in addition to estimating the technical efficiency of flour mills in Baghdad Governorate for the year 2019, as a sample of 53 mills was collected. The function was estimated in two periods according to a stochastic frontier method using the frontier 4.1 program. The results showed that the sign of the working hours parameter appeared positive and explained the positivity of the variable on the quantity of flour production in the study sample, and the value of elasticity indicates in the second stage of production stages, but its effect is not significant in the efficiency model. As for the parameter of the variable capital quantities, its sign appeared negative and was at a significant level of 1%. It indicates the presence of waste in the quantity of the input and indicates the value of elasticity in the third stage of production. As for the variable quantities of raw wheat, its parameter sign is positive and below a significant level of 1%. The elasticity value indicates that it is in the first stage of the production stages. As for the inefficiency model, the experience was the only variable that affected the model, the result of which was that the producers with little experience had a significant impact on the inefficiency model at the 10% level. As for estimating the technical efficiency, all sample mills moved away from achieving the optimum size of production. The study recommended the necessity of modernizing milling machines and allocating additional quantities of raw wheat, because the second period witnessed high levels of technical efficiency for sample mills
{"title":"ESTIMATION OF WHEAT FLOUR PRODUCTION FUNCTION IN A STOCHASTIC FRONTIER ANALYSIS FOR THE YEAR 2019 BAGHDAD GOVERNORATE CASE STUDY","authors":"M. A. Ahmed","doi":"10.52113/mjas04/9.2/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/9.2/2","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to estimate a stochastic frontier production function and the inefficiency function for the production of wheat flour, in addition to estimating the technical efficiency of flour mills in Baghdad Governorate for the year 2019, as a sample of 53 mills was collected. The function was estimated in two periods according to a stochastic frontier method using the frontier 4.1 program. The results showed that the sign of the working hours parameter appeared positive and explained the positivity of the variable on the quantity of flour production in the study sample, and the value of elasticity indicates in the second stage of production stages, but its effect is not significant in the efficiency model. As for the parameter of the variable capital quantities, its sign appeared negative and was at a significant level of 1%. It indicates the presence of waste in the quantity of the input and indicates the value of elasticity in the third stage of production. As for the variable quantities of raw wheat, its parameter sign is positive and below a significant level of 1%. The elasticity value indicates that it is in the first stage of the production stages. As for the inefficiency model, the experience was the only variable that affected the model, the result of which was that the producers with little experience had a significant impact on the inefficiency model at the 10% level. As for estimating the technical efficiency, all sample mills moved away from achieving the optimum size of production. The study recommended the necessity of modernizing milling machines and allocating additional quantities of raw wheat, because the second period witnessed high levels of technical efficiency for sample mills","PeriodicalId":18776,"journal":{"name":"Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88701256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This experiment was carried out in Al-Muthanna Governorate in one of the unheated greenhouses Dimensions (9 x 54 m) belonging to Experiment Station of agricultural research in Al-Bandar area on the side of the Euphrates River, belonging to the College of Agriculture / University of Al-Muthanna for the winter growing season (2021-2022), to study the effect of adding polixal 20-8 at four concentrations (0, 4, 8, 12 ml L-1 ) and the effect of foliar spraying seaweed extract (Algaren) at four concentrations (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 ml L-1 ) in the readiness of Some nutrients and their concentration in the plant of growth yield of eggplant cv Barcelona. The treatments were assigned to experimental following a randomized completely block design (R.C.B.D.) with three replicates and means were compared according to L.S.D. test at the level 0.05. The results showed the significant superiority of adding a polixal (12 ml L-1 ) on soil salinity and plant yield. The electrical conductivity when adding the transactions in the first batch amounted to 4.758 ds m-1 and the electrical conductivity when adding the transactions in the second batch amounted to 3.727 ds m-1 , and the electrical conductivity when adding the transactions in the third batch amounted to 2.653 ds m-1 . The total yield of the greenhouse was 566.37 kg dunums -1 .
本试验在Al-Muthanna省幼发拉底河边Al-Bandar地区农业研究实验站的一个无加热温室(9 x 54 m)中进行，该试验站属于Al-Muthanna农业学院/大学，用于冬季生长季节(2021-2022)，以研究添加四种浓度(0,4,8，12 ml L-1)和叶面喷施4种浓度海藻提取物(Algaren)(0、1.5、3、4.5 ml L-1)对巴塞罗那茄子植株中某些营养物质的准备度及其生长产量的影响。试验组采用随机完全区组设计(rc.b.d)，设3个重复，采用lsd检验，在0.05水平上比较均数。结果表明，添加12 ml L-1的多酚对土壤盐分和植株产量有显著的优势。添加第一批交易时的电导率为4.758 ds m-1，添加第二批交易时的电导率为3.727 ds m-1，添加第三批交易时的电导率为2.653 ds m-1。该温室的总产量为566.37 kg dunum -1。
{"title":"Effect of polyoxal and Seaweed Extract In soil salinity and yield of eggplant Solanum melongena L. Grown in plastic houses","authors":"Hassan Al Safi","doi":"10.52113/mjas04/9.2/11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/9.2/11","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment was carried out in Al-Muthanna Governorate in one of the unheated greenhouses Dimensions (9 x 54 m) belonging to Experiment Station of agricultural research in Al-Bandar area on the side of the Euphrates River, belonging to the College of Agriculture / University of Al-Muthanna for the winter growing season (2021-2022), to study the effect of adding polixal 20-8 at four concentrations (0, 4, 8, 12 ml L-1 ) and the effect of foliar spraying seaweed extract (Algaren) at four concentrations (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 ml L-1 ) in the readiness of Some nutrients and their concentration in the plant of growth yield of eggplant cv Barcelona. The treatments were assigned to experimental following a randomized completely block design (R.C.B.D.) with three replicates and means were compared according to L.S.D. test at the level 0.05. The results showed the significant superiority of adding a polixal (12 ml L-1 ) on soil salinity and plant yield. The electrical conductivity when adding the transactions in the first batch amounted to 4.758 ds m-1 and the electrical conductivity when adding the transactions in the second batch amounted to 3.727 ds m-1 , and the electrical conductivity when adding the transactions in the third batch amounted to 2.653 ds m-1 . The total yield of the greenhouse was 566.37 kg dunums -1 .","PeriodicalId":18776,"journal":{"name":"Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73709910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted at Al-Majd area in Al-Muthanna Governorate (Away from the city center about 5 km to the north), to study the effect of perlite and N level on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum eastvum L.). A factorial field experiment, according to a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The experiment included two factors, the first one is the addition of perlite with three levels (0, 1.5 and 3)% symbolized by B0, B1 and B2 respectively, while the second factor is N at five levels (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200) kg N ha-1 has the symbol N0, N1, N2, N3 and N4 respectively. The seeds of wheat (Bohooth 22 cultivar) were sown on 11/11/2021. The results indicated the significant effect of adding perlite at a level of 3% by volume to the soil in increasing plant growth traits, including plant height, chlorophyll, biological yield, grain yield, N and P concentration in the plant. The effect of adding N fertilizer to the soil at a level of 200 kg N ha-1 in improving plant growth characteristics, including plant height, chlorophyll and K concentration in the plant, while there was no significant difference with the level of 150 kg N ha-1 for each of the N concentration in the plant and t The biological yield and grain yield.
本研究在Al-Muthanna省Al-Majd地区(距市中心北部约5 km)，研究了珍珠岩和氮素水平对小麦生长和产量的影响。本试验采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)，共3个重复。试验包括两个因素，第一个因素是珍珠岩添加量为3个水平(0、1.5和3)%，分别用B0、B1和B2表示;第二个因素是5个水平(0、50、100、150和200)kg N ha-1，分别用N0、N1、N2、N3和N4表示。于2021年11月11日播种小麦(Bohooth 22品种)种子。结果表明，在土壤中添加3%体积水平的珍珠岩对提高植株生长性状，包括株高、叶绿素、生物产量、籽粒产量和植株氮磷浓度均有显著影响。在200 kg N ha-1水平施氮对改善植株生长特性(包括株高、叶绿素和植株K浓度)的影响，而与150 kg N ha-1水平施氮对植株各氮浓度和t生物产量和籽粒产量均无显著差异。
{"title":"Effect of adding perlite and nitrogen level on the growth and yield of wheat (Triticm aestivum L.)","authors":"Sinaa Jabbar","doi":"10.52113/mjas04/9.2/17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/9.2/17","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted at Al-Majd area in Al-Muthanna Governorate (Away from the city center about 5 km to the north), to study the effect of perlite and N level on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum eastvum L.). A factorial field experiment, according to a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The experiment included two factors, the first one is the addition of perlite with three levels (0, 1.5 and 3)% symbolized by B0, B1 and B2 respectively, while the second factor is N at five levels (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200) kg N ha-1 has the symbol N0, N1, N2, N3 and N4 respectively. The seeds of wheat (Bohooth 22 cultivar) were sown on 11/11/2021. The results indicated the significant effect of adding perlite at a level of 3% by volume to the soil in increasing plant growth traits, including plant height, chlorophyll, biological yield, grain yield, N and P concentration in the plant. The effect of adding N fertilizer to the soil at a level of 200 kg N ha-1 in improving plant growth characteristics, including plant height, chlorophyll and K concentration in the plant, while there was no significant difference with the level of 150 kg N ha-1 for each of the N concentration in the plant and t The biological yield and grain yield.","PeriodicalId":18776,"journal":{"name":"Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78725712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was conducted at the sheep and goat research station, at Al-Shatrah District, ThiQar Agriculture Directorate, Thi-Qar Governorate, from 1/11/2021 to 30/6/2022 for one production season. A total of 100 animals were used, consisting of 50 parents and 50 lambs, males and females, the ages of the ewes ranged from 3 to 5 years old. The sheep data used in the experiment were collected from the station records. The genetic part was also completed in the Marshes Research Laboratory at the University of Thi-Qar. The study aimed at the relationship between Leptin gene and milk production and its components. There were significant differences (P≤0.05) between the animals of CC, CT and TT genotypes, resulting from mutation at site 119 of the studied segment of the Leptin gene, on total milk production and daily milk production, where animals with TT genotype outperformed animals with CT and CC genotype, there were no significant differences on milk production and daily milk production between CC and CT genotype, also between the CT and TT genotypes. The results of total milk production were as follows: 32.71, 34.29 and 36.51 liters, for daily milk production: 363.47, 381.00 and 405.71 liters, for CC, CT, and TT genotypes, respectively.
{"title":"The relationship between Leptin gene and milk production and its components in Awassi sheep","authors":"Hadi Al-Burkat","doi":"10.52113/mjas04/9.2/21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/9.2/21","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted at the sheep and goat research station, at Al-Shatrah District, ThiQar Agriculture Directorate, Thi-Qar Governorate, from 1/11/2021 to 30/6/2022 for one production season. A total of 100 animals were used, consisting of 50 parents and 50 lambs, males and females, the ages of the ewes ranged from 3 to 5 years old. The sheep data used in the experiment were collected from the station records. The genetic part was also completed in the Marshes Research Laboratory at the University of Thi-Qar. The study aimed at the relationship between Leptin gene and milk production and its components. There were significant differences (P≤0.05) between the animals of CC, CT and TT genotypes, resulting from mutation at site 119 of the studied segment of the Leptin gene, on total milk production and daily milk production, where animals with TT genotype outperformed animals with CT and CC genotype, there were no significant differences on milk production and daily milk production between CC and CT genotype, also between the CT and TT genotypes. The results of total milk production were as follows: 32.71, 34.29 and 36.51 liters, for daily milk production: 363.47, 381.00 and 405.71 liters, for CC, CT, and TT genotypes, respectively.","PeriodicalId":18776,"journal":{"name":"Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85878863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this research, the physical properties of l Barhi dates at khalal stage such as mass, length, width, thickness, geometric and arithmetic mean diameter, aspect ratio, true volume, apparent volume, sphericity, surface area, true density, bulk density, and porosity were studies. These physical properties for fruits are useful in packaging food, equipment design, storage, handling, and quality assessment for the fruits where the consumers often chooses the fruits on the basis of their inclusion , size, and rest of other physical properties. The results showed that these properties reached 15.07g, 32.21 mm, 26mm, 23.05mm, 26.81mm, 27.08mm, 71.92%, 14.57cm2 , 8.50 cm2 , 83.43%, 22.60 cm2 (McCabe) , 20.01 cm2 (Jean& Ball), 1.03 g. cm-3, 0.47 g. cm-3, 54.40%, respectively. The 50% of length values ranging from 31.00- 32.00mm, 90% of width values from 26.00-26.20 mm, 70% of thickness values from 23.00-23.17mm and, 75% of mass values from 14.95-16.15mm. The results showed the high relation was between the length and sphericity for fruits while not statistically significant between length and width and between geometric and arithmetic mean diameter. Colour components for fruits (L*, b* and a*) were 53.81, 41.66, 4.51, respectively. Moreover, the coefficient of friction at using, plywood, glass and galvanized iron steel was 0.35, 0.24 and 0.30.
本研究对khalal期巴氏枣的质量、长度、宽度、厚度、几何和算术平均直径、纵横比、真体积、表观体积、球度、表面积、真密度、容重和孔隙度等物理性质进行了研究。水果的这些物理特性在包装食品、设备设计、储存、处理和水果的质量评估中是有用的，消费者通常根据水果的成分、大小和其他物理特性来选择水果。结果表明，这些性能分别达到15.07g、32.21 mm、26mm、23.05mm、26.81mm、27.08mm、71.92%、14.57cm2、8.50 cm2、83.43%、22.60 cm2 (McCabe)、20.01 cm2 (Jean& Ball)、1.03 g cm-3、0.47 g cm-3、54.40%。50%的长度值为31.00- 32.00毫米，90%的宽度值为26.00-26.20毫米，70%的厚度值为23.00-23.17毫米，75%的质量值为14.95-16.15毫米。结果表明，果实的长度与球度关系密切，而长度与宽度、几何平均直径与算术平均直径关系不显著。果实颜色成分(L*、b*和a*)分别为53.81、41.66和4.51。胶合板、玻璃和镀锌钢板的摩擦系数分别为0.35、0.24和0.30。
{"title":"Physical Properties of Barhi dates at khalal stage, study area (Baghdad city)","authors":"H. Al-Kaabi","doi":"10.52113/mjas04/9.2/30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/9.2/30","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, the physical properties of l Barhi dates at khalal stage such as mass, length, width, thickness, geometric and arithmetic mean diameter, aspect ratio, true volume, apparent volume, sphericity, surface area, true density, bulk density, and porosity were studies. These physical properties for fruits are useful in packaging food, equipment design, storage, handling, and quality assessment for the fruits where the consumers often chooses the fruits on the basis of their inclusion , size, and rest of other physical properties. The results showed that these properties reached 15.07g, 32.21 mm, 26mm, 23.05mm, 26.81mm, 27.08mm, 71.92%, 14.57cm2 , 8.50 cm2 , 83.43%, 22.60 cm2 (McCabe) , 20.01 cm2 (Jean& Ball), 1.03 g. cm-3, 0.47 g. cm-3, 54.40%, respectively. The 50% of length values ranging from 31.00- 32.00mm, 90% of width values from 26.00-26.20 mm, 70% of thickness values from 23.00-23.17mm and, 75% of mass values from 14.95-16.15mm. The results showed the high relation was between the length and sphericity for fruits while not statistically significant between length and width and between geometric and arithmetic mean diameter. Colour components for fruits (L*, b* and a*) were 53.81, 41.66, 4.51, respectively. Moreover, the coefficient of friction at using, plywood, glass and galvanized iron steel was 0.35, 0.24 and 0.30.","PeriodicalId":18776,"journal":{"name":"Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86975790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted in the Department of Animal Production / College of Agriculture / University of Basra for the period from 19/12/2021 to 10/5/2022, which aims to prepare collagen proteins fortified with lysozyme protein and cinnamon oil in the laboratory in the packaging of broiler carcasses (chest) by immersion method and study of chemical composition when freezing, collagen extraction according to Mohd et el.,(2012) . I took 60 pieces of chicken breast which were obtained from local markets in Basra and are fresh. As these segments were divided into four coefficients, each treatment has three replicates and each repeater consists of 5 segments of the chest, these segments were immersed in the prepared collagen proteins and according to the following treatments: T0- Treatment of control coated polyethylene bags only T1- Chest cutters coated with collagen only T2 - Chest cutters coated with collagen fortified with cinnamon oil T3- Chest cutters coated with collagen fortified with lysozyme enzyme The treatments were stored by freezing at a temperature of -18 ° C at (0, 15, 30, 45) days and the composition of the meat (moisture, fat, protein , ash) was studied and the results showed a decrease in the percentage of moisture lost and the percentage of fat and high percentage of protein in the third and fourth treatment compared to the control treatment with the progress of storage periods. Keywords :- Collagen, Cut-to-The-Chest, Cinnamon Oil
本研究于2021年12月19日至2022年10月5日在巴士拉大学动物生产系/农业学院/巴士拉大学进行，目的是在实验室用浸泡法在肉鸡胴体(胸部)包装中制备溶菌酶蛋白和肉桂油强化的胶原蛋白，并研究冷冻时的化学成分，根据Mohd et el.，(2012)提取胶原蛋白。我从巴士拉当地市场买了60块新鲜的鸡胸肉。由于这些片段被分成4个系数，每个处理有3个重复，每个重复器由5个胸部片段组成，这些片段浸泡在制备好的胶原蛋白中，按照以下处理:T0-对照包被聚乙烯袋处理T1-仅包被胶原蛋白T2 -包被加肉桂油的胶原蛋白T3-包被加溶菌酶的胶原蛋白处理这些处理在-18°C的温度下冷冻(0、15、30、45)天，肉的成分(水分、脂肪、蛋白质、结果表明，随着贮藏期的延长，与对照处理相比，第三和第四处理的水分损失率下降，脂肪率下降，蛋白质率较高。关键词:胶原蛋白，胸切，肉桂油
{"title":"Effect of Packaging Poultry Carcass Pieces with Fortified Collagen Proteins on the Chemical Properties of Meat Frozen Stored for Different Storage Periods","authors":"Narges AL-Busalim","doi":"10.52113/mjas04/9.2/33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/9.2/33","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted in the Department of Animal Production / College of Agriculture / University of Basra for the period from 19/12/2021 to 10/5/2022, which aims to prepare collagen proteins fortified with lysozyme protein and cinnamon oil in the laboratory in the packaging of broiler carcasses (chest) by immersion method and study of chemical composition when freezing, collagen extraction according to Mohd et el.,(2012) . I took 60 pieces of chicken breast which were obtained from local markets in Basra and are fresh. As these segments were divided into four coefficients, each treatment has three replicates and each repeater consists of 5 segments of the chest, these segments were immersed in the prepared collagen proteins and according to the following treatments: T0- Treatment of control coated polyethylene bags only T1- Chest cutters coated with collagen only T2 - Chest cutters coated with collagen fortified with cinnamon oil T3- Chest cutters coated with collagen fortified with lysozyme enzyme The treatments were stored by freezing at a temperature of -18 ° C at (0, 15, 30, 45) days and the composition of the meat (moisture, fat, protein , ash) was studied and the results showed a decrease in the percentage of moisture lost and the percentage of fat and high percentage of protein in the third and fourth treatment compared to the control treatment with the progress of storage periods. Keywords :- Collagen, Cut-to-The-Chest, Cinnamon Oil","PeriodicalId":18776,"journal":{"name":"Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80619619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was carried out at Al-Hartha Research Station, which is one of the agricultural fields of the College of Agriculture, University of Basra (30 km north of the center of Basra Governorate), during the winter season 2021-2022. In order to study the effect of spraying by growth regulator (ethephon) at a concentration of 2.25 ml l-1 at tillering and elongation stages on growth, yield and quality of ten cultivars of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Al-Baraka, Al-Rasheed, Ibaa-99, Babil, Mawaddah, Bohouth-22, Bengal, Jad, Wafeya and Jihan), a factorial experiment was applied according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that wheat cultivars differed significantly in most of the character of the study. The cultivar Bohuth-22 recorded the highest grain yield and harvest index of 5.652 t ha-1 and 35.21%, respectively, due to its superiority in spikes number of 395.00 spikes m, but did not differ significantly from the two cultivars Mawaddah and Al Baraka in grain yield, as they recorded 5.323 and 5.085 t ha -1 respectively as a result of their superiority in one or more of the yield components. The results also showed the superiority of the Babil cultivar in the qualitative character, as it recorded the highest percentage of wet protein and gluten, with an average of 13.43 and 32.78% for the traits, respectively. The results showed that spraying wheat plants by ethephon increased spikes number per m², grains number per spike, and 1000 grains weight. This was reflected in an increase in the grain yield, with an average of 5.043 t ha-1, the highest protein content in an average of (13.63%). The spraying of ethephon positively increased the proportion of wet gluten in wheat grains. The effect of the interaction between the cultivars and spraying with ethephon on spikes number and percentage of wet gluten. The combination between cultivar Bohuth-22 and the plants sprayed by ethephon was superior in spikes number per m, with an average of 452 spikes m-1, and the combination between cultivar Babel and plants sprayed with ethephon excelled in the percentage of wet gluten in the grains 37.34 %.
在2021-2022冬季期间，在Al-Hartha研究站进行了实地试验，该研究站是巴士拉大学农业学院的一个农田(巴士拉省中心以北30公里)。为了研究分蘖期和拔节期喷施2.25 ml -1的生长调节剂乙烯利对10个面包小麦品种(Triticum aestivum L.) Al-Baraka、Al-Rasheed、Ibaa-99、Babil、Mawaddah、Bohouth-22、Bengal、Jad、Wafeya和Jihan生长、产量和品质的影响，采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)进行了3个重复的因子试验。结果表明，小麦品种间在大部分性状上存在显著差异。品种bohuh -22由于其穗数为395.00穗m的优势，其产量和收获指数分别为5.652 t ha-1和35.21%，与Mawaddah和Al Baraka的产量差异不显著，分别为5.323 t ha-1和5.085 t ha-1，这是由于其在一个或多个产量成分上的优势。结果还表明，Babil品种在质量性状上具有优势，湿蛋白和面筋含量最高，平均分别为13.43%和32.78%。结果表明:喷施乙烯利可提高小麦穗数、穗粒数和千粒重;这体现在籽粒产量的提高上，平均产量为5.043 t hm -1，蛋白质含量最高，平均为13.63%。喷施乙烯利使小麦籽粒中湿面筋比例呈正增加趋势。品种间互作及喷施乙烯利对湿面筋穗数和百分比的影响。品种bohut -22与喷施乙烯利的组合在每m穗数上优于喷施乙烯利的组合，平均为452穗m-1;品种Babel与喷施乙烯利的组合在湿面筋率上优于喷施乙烯利的组合，平均为37.34%。
{"title":"Response of different cultivars of wheat Triticum aestivum L. to spraying by growth regulator (Ethephon)","authors":"Aqil Al-Zubaidi","doi":"10.52113/mjas04/9.2/29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/9.2/29","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was carried out at Al-Hartha Research Station, which is one of the agricultural fields of the College of Agriculture, University of Basra (30 km north of the center of Basra Governorate), during the winter season 2021-2022. In order to study the effect of spraying by growth regulator (ethephon) at a concentration of 2.25 ml l-1 at tillering and elongation stages on growth, yield and quality of ten cultivars of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Al-Baraka, Al-Rasheed, Ibaa-99, Babil, Mawaddah, Bohouth-22, Bengal, Jad, Wafeya and Jihan), a factorial experiment was applied according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that wheat cultivars differed significantly in most of the character of the study. The cultivar Bohuth-22 recorded the highest grain yield and harvest index of 5.652 t ha-1 and 35.21%, respectively, due to its superiority in spikes number of 395.00 spikes m, but did not differ significantly from the two cultivars Mawaddah and Al Baraka in grain yield, as they recorded 5.323 and 5.085 t ha -1 respectively as a result of their superiority in one or more of the yield components. The results also showed the superiority of the Babil cultivar in the qualitative character, as it recorded the highest percentage of wet protein and gluten, with an average of 13.43 and 32.78% for the traits, respectively. The results showed that spraying wheat plants by ethephon increased spikes number per m², grains number per spike, and 1000 grains weight. This was reflected in an increase in the grain yield, with an average of 5.043 t ha-1, the highest protein content in an average of (13.63%). The spraying of ethephon positively increased the proportion of wet gluten in wheat grains. The effect of the interaction between the cultivars and spraying with ethephon on spikes number and percentage of wet gluten. The combination between cultivar Bohuth-22 and the plants sprayed by ethephon was superior in spikes number per m, with an average of 452 spikes m-1, and the combination between cultivar Babel and plants sprayed with ethephon excelled in the percentage of wet gluten in the grains 37.34 %.","PeriodicalId":18776,"journal":{"name":"Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82277982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research aimed to analyze some factors affecting the Iraqi total employment structure during the period 1990-2017 using the ARDL method of joint integration to study the impact of GDP, total investments, total wages and technological development on the volume of total employment, One of its results was that the volume of total employment was not affected by the increase in the gross domestic product, as its increase is not reflected in the increase in employment, but rather means an increase in the import rates of goods and services imported from abroad produced by foreign labor, not local, and this is due to the nature of the Iraqi economy, the research recommended that the government should put in place an effective system for developing local technological capabilities and create a solid ground for workers’ wages by maintaining their minimum wages to ensure the protection of the low-paid category.
{"title":"The effect of some macroeconomic variables on the structure of total employment in Iraq for the period (1990-2017).","authors":"R. Mohamed, Alaa AL-Sudani","doi":"10.52113/mjas04/9.2/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/9.2/1","url":null,"abstract":"The research aimed to analyze some factors affecting the Iraqi total employment structure during the period 1990-2017 using the ARDL method of joint integration to study the impact of GDP, total investments, total wages and technological development on the volume of total employment, One of its results was that the volume of total employment was not affected by the increase in the gross domestic product, as its increase is not reflected in the increase in employment, but rather means an increase in the import rates of goods and services imported from abroad produced by foreign labor, not local, and this is due to the nature of the Iraqi economy, the research recommended that the government should put in place an effective system for developing local technological capabilities and create a solid ground for workers’ wages by maintaining their minimum wages to ensure the protection of the low-paid category.","PeriodicalId":18776,"journal":{"name":"Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88565404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted in one of the private fields, from 6/12/2021 to 2/2/2022, to determine the effect of adding the Iraqi bio-enhancer to feed on some blood traits of Chinese ducks. A total of 75 unsexed one-day-old chicks of Chinese ducks, it was randomly distributed to 5 treatments with 3 replicates for each treatment (5 chicks for each replicate). The treatments were as follows; T1: control treatment, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were added the Iraqi probiotic at levels of 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 g/ kg of the basal diet, respectively. The results indicate a significant increase in glucose and LDL cholesterol albumin, globulin, total protein, calcium and phosphorous and a decrease in triglycerides, with no significant differences in HDL.
{"title":"The effect of added the Iraqi probiotics to diet on some blood traits of Chinese ducks","authors":"A. Marzouk","doi":"10.52113/mjas04/9.2/6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/9.2/6","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted in one of the private fields, from 6/12/2021 to 2/2/2022, to determine the effect of adding the Iraqi bio-enhancer to feed on some blood traits of Chinese ducks. A total of 75 unsexed one-day-old chicks of Chinese ducks, it was randomly distributed to 5 treatments with 3 replicates for each treatment (5 chicks for each replicate). The treatments were as follows; T1: control treatment, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were added the Iraqi probiotic at levels of 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 g/ kg of the basal diet, respectively. The results indicate a significant increase in glucose and LDL cholesterol albumin, globulin, total protein, calcium and phosphorous and a decrease in triglycerides, with no significant differences in HDL.","PeriodicalId":18776,"journal":{"name":"Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"400 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80122214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was aimed to the effect of different levels of nutmeg on some blood parameters of common carp, it was conducted at special cages in mud pond, Agricultural Research and Experiment Station, Animal Production Department, Agriculture College, Al-Muthanna University at Samawa city. A total of 100 common carp fish, Cyprinus carpio L. were brought from a private fish rearing lake in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, Al-Mihnawiya District, with an average weight of 94 g. 80 fish were selected and distributed randomly and evenly to the experimental cages, put in each cage 5 fish for the purpose of acclimatization, the fish persisted during the acclimatization period, which amounted to 10 days, were starved for one day and then fed with 1% of the weight of the live mass in each tank at the rate of two meals per day. The four treatments were T1 control, T2 0.005%, T3 0.01% and T4 0.015% nutmeg. The results showed that there were no significant differences on the blood traits (hemoglobin concentration, Packed Cell Volume, red and white blood cells), also, there were no significant differences in the biochemical blood traits (total protein, albumin, globulin and glucose).
为研究不同水平肉豆蔻对鲤鱼血液指标的影响，在沙马市Al-Muthanna大学农学院动物生产系泥塘专用网箱中进行。从Al-Qadisiyah省Al-Mihnawiya区一个私人养鱼湖中捕获鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio L.) 100尾，平均体重94 g。选取80尾鱼随机均匀分布到实验网箱中，每个网箱中放入5尾鱼进行驯化，在驯化期持续10天。禁食1天，然后在每个水箱中按活体重量的1%饲喂，每天两餐。4个处理分别为T1对照、T2 0.005%、T3 0.01%和T4 0.015%肉豆蔻。结果表明:两组间血液性状(血红蛋白浓度、红细胞体积、红细胞和白细胞)无显著差异，血液生化性状(总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白和葡萄糖)无显著差异。
{"title":"Effect of different levels of nutmeg on some blood parameters of common carp Cyprinus carpio L.","authors":"Ahmed Miteib","doi":"10.52113/mjas04/9.2/31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/9.2/31","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to the effect of different levels of nutmeg on some blood parameters of common carp, it was conducted at special cages in mud pond, Agricultural Research and Experiment Station, Animal Production Department, Agriculture College, Al-Muthanna University at Samawa city. A total of 100 common carp fish, Cyprinus carpio L. were brought from a private fish rearing lake in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, Al-Mihnawiya District, with an average weight of 94 g. 80 fish were selected and distributed randomly and evenly to the experimental cages, put in each cage 5 fish for the purpose of acclimatization, the fish persisted during the acclimatization period, which amounted to 10 days, were starved for one day and then fed with 1% of the weight of the live mass in each tank at the rate of two meals per day. The four treatments were T1 control, T2 0.005%, T3 0.01% and T4 0.015% nutmeg. The results showed that there were no significant differences on the blood traits (hemoglobin concentration, Packed Cell Volume, red and white blood cells), also, there were no significant differences in the biochemical blood traits (total protein, albumin, globulin and glucose).","PeriodicalId":18776,"journal":{"name":"Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87859246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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