هدفت الدراسة الى استخلاص الزيت من بذور الرمان وبالطريقة الباردة ودراسة التأثيرالتثبيطي للزيت المستخلص على بعض انواع الأحياء المجهرية ( بكتريا وأعفان) , ومن ثم دراسة تأثير اضافة الزيت وبنسب مختلفة ( 0 ,0.3 , 0.5) % على القابلية الخزنية لمنتج اليوغرت وذلك بخزن اليوغرت على درجة حرارة 4م0 ولمدة 20 يوم , اذ اجريت الفحوصات البكتريولوجية ( العدد الكلي للبكتريا , بكتريا القولون, البكتريا المحبة للبرودة, والخمائر والاعفان) على عينات اليوغرت خلال فترات خزن مختلفة (0, 10, 20) يوما ومقارنتها بعينة السيطرة. اشارت نتائج الدراسة الى عدم وجود اي تأثير للزيت على بكتريا Lactobacillus acidophilus بينما كان هناك تاثيرا جيدا على كل من بكتريا Pseudomonas aeruginosa و . Citrobacter freundiiاما تأثير الزيت على الاعفان فأشارت الدراسة الى وجود تأثيرا واضحا على كل من( Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis ) . كما بينت نتائج اضافة الزيت الى منتج اليوغرت الى عدم وجود اي نموات لبكتريا القولون والخمائر والاعفان في الايام (0 و 10) يوم من الخزن المبرد بينما ظهرت النموات في اليوم 20 من الخزن المبرد حيث انخفضت الاعداد بزيادة نسبة اضافة الزيت الى اليوغرت. اما نتائج البكتريا المحبة للبرودة فاشارت النتائج الى وجود انخفاض في اعداد البكتريا المحبة للبرودة بزيادة نسبة اضافة الزيت وبتقدم مدة الخزن المبرد مقارنة بعينة السيطرة والتي اشارت الى استمرار الزيادة في الاعداد الكلية للبكتريا بتقدم الخزن. كما اوضحت نتائج العدد الكلي للبكتريا الى زيادة الاعداد بتقدم مدة الخزن وكانت هذه الزيادة اعلى في عينات اليوغرت المضاف اليها زيت بذور الرمان. اما نتائج التقويم الحسي فلم يؤثر اضافة الزيت على الصفات الحسية لليوغرت.
{"title":"استخالص زيت بحور الخمان ودراسة قابميتة التثبيطية عمى بعض انواع االحياء المجهخية وتأثيخ اضافتة عمى القابمية الخدنية لمنتج اليوغخت","authors":"افراح حسن علي الباقري","doi":"10.52113/mjas04/8.4/33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/8.4/33","url":null,"abstract":"هدفت الدراسة الى استخلاص الزيت من بذور الرمان وبالطريقة الباردة ودراسة التأثيرالتثبيطي للزيت المستخلص على بعض انواع الأحياء المجهرية ( بكتريا وأعفان) , ومن ثم دراسة تأثير اضافة الزيت وبنسب مختلفة ( 0 ,0.3 , 0.5) % على القابلية الخزنية لمنتج اليوغرت وذلك بخزن اليوغرت على درجة حرارة 4م0 ولمدة 20 يوم , اذ اجريت الفحوصات البكتريولوجية ( العدد الكلي للبكتريا , بكتريا القولون, البكتريا المحبة للبرودة, والخمائر والاعفان) على عينات اليوغرت خلال فترات خزن مختلفة (0, 10, 20) يوما ومقارنتها بعينة السيطرة. اشارت نتائج الدراسة الى عدم وجود اي تأثير للزيت على بكتريا Lactobacillus acidophilus بينما كان هناك تاثيرا جيدا على كل من بكتريا Pseudomonas aeruginosa و . Citrobacter freundiiاما تأثير الزيت على الاعفان فأشارت الدراسة الى وجود تأثيرا واضحا على كل من( Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis ) . كما بينت نتائج اضافة الزيت الى منتج اليوغرت الى عدم وجود اي نموات لبكتريا القولون والخمائر والاعفان في الايام (0 و 10) يوم من الخزن المبرد بينما ظهرت النموات في اليوم 20 من الخزن المبرد حيث انخفضت الاعداد بزيادة نسبة اضافة الزيت الى اليوغرت. اما نتائج البكتريا المحبة للبرودة فاشارت النتائج الى وجود انخفاض في اعداد البكتريا المحبة للبرودة بزيادة نسبة اضافة الزيت وبتقدم مدة الخزن المبرد مقارنة بعينة السيطرة والتي اشارت الى استمرار الزيادة في الاعداد الكلية للبكتريا بتقدم الخزن. كما اوضحت نتائج العدد الكلي للبكتريا الى زيادة الاعداد بتقدم مدة الخزن وكانت هذه الزيادة اعلى في عينات اليوغرت المضاف اليها زيت بذور الرمان. اما نتائج التقويم الحسي فلم يؤثر اضافة الزيت على الصفات الحسية لليوغرت.","PeriodicalId":18776,"journal":{"name":"Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86865305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
أمان حميد جابر الكعبي, طالب مطشر مزيد الجراح, ناصر حبيب
This experiment was conducted during grown season 2020-2021 in one of greenhouses in the second research station (Al Bandar) of the College of Agriculture / University of Al-Muthanna, to study the effect of adding humic acid (potassium humate) (0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 g L-1) and Foliar application of yeast suspension at three concentrations(0, 5.0, 10.0 g L-1) on eggplant (Solanum melongena L. Barcelona var.), Plants grown in greenhouses under a drip irrigation system. A factorial experiment was carried out according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Means were compared based on least significant differences (LSD) at 0.05 of probability.The results showed a positive significant effect of each of humic acid and yeast suspension and their interactions in all experimental characteristics under study (N %, Chlorophyll Index (SPAD), TSS % Fruit, Leaf Area, Plant Hight, Branch No., Early Yield), as the results showed that adding humic acid at a concentration of 15.0 g L-1 and yeast suspension at a concentration of 10.0 g L-1 gave the highest values (6.42 %, 66.69 SPAD, 15.21 %, 49.30 dm2 plant-1, 95.77 cm, 5.79, 758.50 g).
本试验于2020-2021年生长季在Al- muthanna农业学院/ Al Bandar第二研究站(Al Bandar)的一个大棚进行，研究了添加腐植酸(腐植酸钾)(0、5.0、10.0、15.0 g L-1)和叶面施用3种浓度(0、5.0、10.0 g L-1)酵母悬浮液对滴灌温室茄子(Solanum melongena L. Barcelona var.)的影响。采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)进行因子试验，共3个重复。均数比较以最小显著差异(LSD)为基础，概率为0.05。结果表明，腐植酸和酵母悬浮液及其相互作用对所研究的各试验性状(N %、叶绿素指数(SPAD)、TSS %果实、叶面积、株高、枝号和分枝数)均有显著正影响。结果表明，腐植酸浓度为15.0 g L-1和酵母悬浮液浓度为10.0 g L-1时，腐植酸浓度分别为6.42%、66.69 SPAD、15.21%、49.30 dm2、95.77 cm、5.79、758.50 g，其产量最高。
{"title":"تأثير اإلضافة األرضية لحامض الهيومك و الرش الورقي لمعمق الخميرة عمى نباتات الباذنجان )صنف برشمونة( المزروع في البيوت البالستيكية.L melongena Solan","authors":"أمان حميد جابر الكعبي, طالب مطشر مزيد الجراح, ناصر حبيب","doi":"10.52113/mjas04/8.4/31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/8.4/31","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment was conducted during grown season 2020-2021 in one of greenhouses in the second research station (Al Bandar) of the College of Agriculture / University of Al-Muthanna, to study the effect of adding humic acid (potassium humate) (0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 g L-1) and Foliar application of yeast suspension at three concentrations(0, 5.0, 10.0 g L-1) on eggplant (Solanum melongena L. Barcelona var.), Plants grown in greenhouses under a drip irrigation system. A factorial experiment was carried out according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Means were compared based on least significant differences (LSD) at 0.05 of probability.The results showed a positive significant effect of each of humic acid and yeast suspension and their interactions in all experimental characteristics under study (N %, Chlorophyll Index (SPAD), TSS % Fruit, Leaf Area, Plant Hight, Branch No., Early Yield), as the results showed that adding humic acid at a concentration of 15.0 g L-1 and yeast suspension at a concentration of 10.0 g L-1 gave the highest values (6.42 %, 66.69 SPAD, 15.21 %, 49.30 dm2 plant-1, 95.77 cm, 5.79, 758.50 g).","PeriodicalId":18776,"journal":{"name":"Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78933158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was conducted at the field of poultry at the Agricultural Advisory Office , College of Agriculture , University of Basra in (Karmat Ali), where the anaerobic digester of the fixed dome type bioreactor model was designed and installed on site to be exploited, Fresh poultry droppings as raw material for producing liquid organic manure through anaerobic fermentation and taking into account the qualitative characteristics of the maturation of the fermented materials inside the anaerobic digester during periods of Hydraulic Retention Time 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks The averages were compared using the averaged least significant difference (RLSD) at the 5% level.. And the results showed that the periods of Hydraulic Retention at 8 weeks is the period best which the fermented material is decomposed in anaerobic digestion. An organic manure with positive qualitative characteristics in terms of pH 7.02, electrical conductivity EC 17.43 dS m-1 organic carbon 318.27 g kg-1 total (nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium) recorded 38.03, 13.70 and 25.25 g kg-1 Straight, the ratio of organic carbon to total nitrogen was 8.37, the total solids was 6.80% and The chemical oxygen requirement (COD) 2150 mg L-1. Paper cited by a master's thesis of the first author
本研究在(karat Ali)巴士拉大学农学院农业咨询办公室的家禽养殖现场进行，设计并现场安装了固定式圆顶型生物反应器模型厌氧消化池待开发。以新鲜家禽粪便为原料，在0、2、4、6、8周的水力滞留时间内，考虑厌氧消化池内发酵物成熟的定性特征，采用5%水平下的平均最小显著差异(RLSD)进行平均值比较。结果表明，8周的水力滞留期是发酵物厌氧消化分解的最佳时期。该有机肥的pH值为7.02，电导率为17.43 dS - m-1，总有机碳318.27 g kg-1(氮、磷、钾)分别为38.03、13.70和25.25 g kg-1，总有机碳与总氮之比为8.37，总固形物为6.80%，化学需氧量(COD)为2150 mg L-1。被第一作者的硕士论文引用的论文
{"title":"Effect of hydraulic retention time on some properties of liquid organic manure produced in locally originated anaerobic digester","authors":"علي ماجد جابر عرنوص","doi":"10.52113/mjas04/8.4/39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/8.4/39","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted at the field of poultry at the Agricultural Advisory Office , College of Agriculture , University of Basra in (Karmat Ali), where the anaerobic digester of the fixed dome type bioreactor model was designed and installed on site to be exploited, Fresh poultry droppings as raw material for producing liquid organic manure through anaerobic fermentation and taking into account the qualitative characteristics of the maturation of the fermented materials inside the anaerobic digester during periods of Hydraulic Retention Time 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks The averages were compared using the averaged least significant difference (RLSD) at the 5% level.. And the results showed that the periods of Hydraulic Retention at 8 weeks is the period best which the fermented material is decomposed in anaerobic digestion. An organic manure with positive qualitative characteristics in terms of pH 7.02, electrical conductivity EC 17.43 dS m-1 organic carbon 318.27 g kg-1 total (nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium) recorded 38.03, 13.70 and 25.25 g kg-1 Straight, the ratio of organic carbon to total nitrogen was 8.37, the total solids was 6.80% and The chemical oxygen requirement (COD) 2150 mg L-1. Paper cited by a master's thesis of the first author","PeriodicalId":18776,"journal":{"name":"Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88159755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
field experiments was carried out at a farm located in Al- Bathaa region 20 km west province of Dhi Qar, 350 km south of the capital Baghdad, during two winter seasons 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 .The experiment was designed to study the effect of the Boron concentration on the characteristics of the growth and yield for four varieties of Oats. experiment was layout using R.C.B.D. arranged in split – plot with three replications. In experiment varieties (Shifaa , Carrolup , Genzania and Alguda ) were using as a main plots, while while Boron concentration (0 , 75 , 150 and 225 ) mg L-1 were assigned as sub-plots. In each season the following traits were studied :- Number panicles m-2 , Number of grains. panicle-1 , 1000 grain weight , Grain yield , Biological yield and harvest index . The data obtained was analyzed according to analysis of variance methods. Means were compared using L.S.D. test at 5 % level and the results could be summarized foliar application of boron at different concentration significantly influenced on most of grain yield components , grain yield , biological yield and harvest index .Since high concentration of boron gave highest grain yield amounted to 9.8 ton ha-1 and 12.63 ton ha-1 for first and second season respectively. Also there were significant differences between varieties in growth traits grain yield components , grain yield , biological yield and harvest index. Since variety Carrolup gave highest grain yield in first season amounted to 9.22 ton ha-1 , while in second season variety Shifaa gave highest grain yield amounted to 12.38 ton ha-1 . Results showed , that there were significant interaction between varieties and boron concentrations on all traits.
本试验于2014-2015年和2015-2016年冬季在伊拉克首都巴格达以南350公里的迪加尔省以西20公里的Al- Bathaa地区的一个农场进行，旨在研究硼浓度对4个燕麦品种生长和产量特性的影响。试验采用r.c.b.d进行布置，设3个重复。以施法、卡洛鲁普、根扎尼亚和阿尔古达4个试验品种为主区，硼浓度(0、75、150和225)mg L-1为副区。每一季研究以下性状:-穗数m-2，籽粒数。穗数，千粒重，产量，生物产量和收获指数。采用方差分析法对所得数据进行分析。结果表明，叶面施用不同浓度硼对籽粒产量的大部分组成部分、籽粒产量、生物产量和收获指数均有显著影响，其中高浓度硼第1季和第2季籽粒产量最高，分别达到9.8 t hm -1和12.63 t hm -1。品种间在生长性状、产量组成、产量、生物产量和收获指数等方面也存在显著差异。第一季产量最高的品种卡洛普达9.22 t ha-1，第二季产量最高的品种世法达12.38 t ha-1。结果表明，品种间与硼浓度在各性状上均存在显著的交互作用。
{"title":"Effect of Foliar Application of Boron on Growth Yield and Yield Components of Four Varieties of Oats Avena sativa L.","authors":"M. S. M. Alzrgani","doi":"10.52113/mjas04/8.4/25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/8.4/25","url":null,"abstract":"field experiments was carried out at a farm located in Al- Bathaa region 20 km west province of Dhi Qar, 350 km south of the capital Baghdad, during two winter seasons 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 .The experiment was designed to study the effect of the Boron concentration on the characteristics of the growth and yield for four varieties of Oats. experiment was layout using R.C.B.D. arranged in split – plot with three replications. In experiment varieties (Shifaa , Carrolup , Genzania and Alguda ) were using as a main plots, while while Boron concentration (0 , 75 , 150 and 225 ) mg L-1 were assigned as sub-plots. In each season the following traits were studied :- Number panicles m-2 , Number of grains. panicle-1 , 1000 grain weight , Grain yield , Biological yield and harvest index . The data obtained was analyzed according to analysis of variance methods. Means were compared using L.S.D. test at 5 % level and the results could be summarized foliar application of boron at different concentration significantly influenced on most of grain yield components , grain yield , biological yield and harvest index .Since high concentration of boron gave highest grain yield amounted to 9.8 ton ha-1 and 12.63 ton ha-1 for first and second season respectively. Also there were significant differences between varieties in growth traits grain yield components , grain yield , biological yield and harvest index. Since variety Carrolup gave highest grain yield in first season amounted to 9.22 ton ha-1 , while in second season variety Shifaa gave highest grain yield amounted to 12.38 ton ha-1 . Results showed , that there were significant interaction between varieties and boron concentrations on all traits.","PeriodicalId":18776,"journal":{"name":"Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"171 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84007013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taleb Ali Gawad Al-Husseini, Osamah Kadhim, Jbara Al-Ukeili
The study was conducted at the field of poultry at the Agricultural Advisory Office , College of Agriculture , University of Basra in (Karmat Ali), where the anaerobic digester of the fixed dome type bioreactor model was designed and installed on site to be exploited, Fresh poultry droppings as raw material for producing liquid organic manure through anaerobic fermentation and taking into account the qualitative characteristics of the maturation of the fermented materials inside the anaerobic digester during periods of Hydraulic Retention Time 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks The averages were compared using the averaged least significant difference (RLSD) at the 5% level.. And the results showed that the periods of Hydraulic Retention at 8 weeks is the period best which the fermented material is decomposed in anaerobic digestion. An organic manure with positive qualitative characteristics in terms of pH 7.02, electrical conductivity EC 17.43 dS m-1organic carbon 318.27 g kg-1 total (nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium) recorded 38.03, 13.70 and 25.25 g kg-1Straight, the ratio of organic carbon to total nitrogen was 8.37, the total solids was 6.80% and The chemical oxygen requirement (COD) 2150 mg L-1.
本研究在(karat Ali)巴士拉大学农学院农业咨询办公室的家禽养殖现场进行，设计并现场安装了固定式圆顶型生物反应器模型厌氧消化池待开发。以新鲜家禽粪便为原料，在0、2、4、6、8周的水力滞留时间内，考虑厌氧消化池内发酵物成熟的定性特征，采用5%水平下的平均最小显著差异(RLSD)进行平均值比较。结果表明，8周的水力滞留期是发酵物厌氧消化分解的最佳时期。有机肥的pH值为7.02，电导率为17.43 dS - m-1，总有机碳(氮、磷、钾)为318.27 g kg-1，分别为38.03、13.70和25.25 g kg-1，总有机碳与总氮之比为8.37，总固形物为6.80%，化学需氧量(COD)为2150 mg L-1。
{"title":"The effect of using modern technological packages on the productivity and profitability of wheat farms in Iraq.","authors":"Taleb Ali Gawad Al-Husseini, Osamah Kadhim, Jbara Al-Ukeili","doi":"10.52113/mjas04/8.4/38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/8.4/38","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted at the field of poultry at the Agricultural Advisory Office , College of Agriculture , University of Basra in (Karmat Ali), where the anaerobic digester of the fixed dome type bioreactor model was designed and installed on site to be exploited, Fresh poultry droppings as raw material for producing liquid organic manure through anaerobic fermentation and taking into account the qualitative characteristics of the maturation of the fermented materials inside the anaerobic digester during periods of Hydraulic Retention Time 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks The averages were compared using the averaged least significant difference (RLSD) at the 5% level.. And the results showed that the periods of Hydraulic Retention at 8 weeks is the period best which the fermented material is decomposed in anaerobic digestion. An organic manure with positive qualitative characteristics in terms of pH 7.02, electrical conductivity EC 17.43 dS m-1organic carbon 318.27 g kg-1 total (nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium) recorded 38.03, 13.70 and 25.25 g kg-1Straight, the ratio of organic carbon to total nitrogen was 8.37, the total solids was 6.80% and The chemical oxygen requirement (COD) 2150 mg L-1.","PeriodicalId":18776,"journal":{"name":"Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83838414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was conducted in Agriculture College farm / Basra University – Karmat Ali location, during autumnal season / 2020, to study the effects of Nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 150, 200 and 250 kg N ha-1), and three split application of nitrogen fertilizer which is: (¼ after two weeks of sowing, + ½ after the first cut + ¼ after the second cut , ½ after two weeks of sowing + ¼ after the first cut + ¼ after the second cut, ⅓ after two weeks of sowing, + ⅓ after the first cut + ⅓ after the second cut) symbolized by D1, D2, and D3 respectively, on growth and green forage of the hybrid of Sudan grass. The experiment was split-plots in R.C.B.D design with three replicates, the main plots included the nitrogen fertilizer, while split application were placed in the sub plots. . The results showed that the level 200 kg N ha-1 was superior and gave the highest in most of the growth parameters, as well as the highest green forage yield of 66.196, 82.407 and 20,533 μg ha-1, for the three cuts respectively.The split application of nitrogen fertilizer (D2) achieved the highest plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, also D2 achieved the highest green forage yield in the first and second cuts were 57.382 and 71,855 μg ha-1. The interaction of 200 kg N ha-1 with D2 gave the highest green forage yield at the first cutting of 72.333 μg ha-1, while, at the second cutting the level of 200 kg N ha-1 with D1 was gave the highest average green forage yield of 84.853 μg ha-1
本研究于秋季/ 2020年在Basra大学农业学院农场- karat Ali地点进行，研究氮肥水平(0、150、200和250 kg N ha-1)和三次分施氮肥的影响:(播两周后为1 / 4，第一次刈割后为+ 1 / 2 +第二次刈割后为1 / 4，播两周后为1 / 2 +第一次刈割后为+ 1 / 4 +第二次刈割后为+ 1 / 4，播两周后为1 / 3，第一次刈割后为+ 1 / 3 +第二次刈割后为+ 1 / 3)分别用D1、D2、D3表示。试验采用R.C.B.D设计，分小区3个重复，主小区施氮，分小区施氮。结果表明，200 kg N hm -1水平较好，3个刈割的大部分生长参数均最高，青草产量最高，分别为66.196、82.407和20,533 μg hm -1。分施氮肥(D2)的株高、枝数、叶数最高，一、二采青草产量最高，分别为57.382和71855 μg ha-1。200 kg N ha-1与D2的互作在第一次刈割时绿草产量最高，为72.333 μ ha-1, 200 kg N ha-1与D1的互作在第二次刈割时平均绿草产量最高，为84.853 μ ha-1
{"title":"Identification of Best Rate and Split Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer for Sudangrass Hybrid (Sorghum Vulgare Var. Sudanense)","authors":"Safa B. A. AL-Aboudy","doi":"10.52113/mjas04/8.4/27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/8.4/27","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted in Agriculture College farm / Basra University – Karmat Ali location, during autumnal season / 2020, to study the effects of Nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 150, 200 and 250 kg N ha-1), and three split application of nitrogen fertilizer which is: (¼ after two weeks of sowing, + ½ after the first cut + ¼ after the second cut , ½ after two weeks of sowing + ¼ after the first cut + ¼ after the second cut, ⅓ after two weeks of sowing, + ⅓ after the first cut + ⅓ after the second cut) symbolized by D1, D2, and D3 respectively, on growth and green forage of the hybrid of Sudan grass. The experiment was split-plots in R.C.B.D design with three replicates, the main plots included the nitrogen fertilizer, while split application were placed in the sub plots. . The results showed that the level 200 kg N ha-1 was superior and gave the highest in most of the growth parameters, as well as the highest green forage yield of 66.196, 82.407 and 20,533 μg ha-1, for the three cuts respectively.The split application of nitrogen fertilizer (D2) achieved the highest plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, also D2 achieved the highest green forage yield in the first and second cuts were 57.382 and 71,855 μg ha-1. The interaction of 200 kg N ha-1 with D2 gave the highest green forage yield at the first cutting of 72.333 μg ha-1, while, at the second cutting the level of 200 kg N ha-1 with D1 was gave the highest average green forage yield of 84.853 μg ha-1","PeriodicalId":18776,"journal":{"name":"Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73045288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research aimed to measure the degree of risk for fish farms projects in fish ponds and floating cages in Diyala governorate, and adopted the method of break-even analysis to measure the productive and price risk, and use of the criterion of the difference coefficient for the return on investment to measure the investment risk, Diyala province was chosen as an application model and the field data collected according to the random sample method, which included 30% of the total fish farm projects in the governorate, as the sample included 28% of the total fish ponds projects in earthen ponds and 31.5% of the total fish ponds projects in floating cages based on a questionnaire form prepared for this purpose, and for the purposes of accuracy in measuring risk The sample was divided according to the size of production capacities into small production capacities and large production capacities for fish farms projects in fish ponds and in floating cages, and in light of studying the risk criteria for projects for the research sample, it was reached using the criterion of difference coefficient of the return on investment for the studied projects. The degree of productive, price and investment risk is high in floating cages compared to earthen ponds because they achieve higher economic returns than those achieved by fish ponds. As for the degree of risk of fish farming projects in both types of culture according to the size of production capacities, it has been shown in light of the above-mentioned criteria that the degree of risk Productivity and price increased with small production capacities, but decreased in large production capacities for both types of fish farms (fish ponds, floating cages).
{"title":"Measuring The Degree Of Risk For Fish Farming Projects In Fish Ponds And Floating Cages In Iraq (A Case Study In Diyala Governorate (","authors":"E. Alobaidy, O. Jbara","doi":"10.52113/mjas04/8.4/35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/8.4/35","url":null,"abstract":"The research aimed to measure the degree of risk for fish farms projects in fish ponds and floating cages in Diyala governorate, and adopted the method of break-even analysis to measure the productive and price risk, and use of the criterion of the difference coefficient for the return on investment to measure the investment risk, Diyala province was chosen as an application model and the field data collected according to the random sample method, which included 30% of the total fish farm projects in the governorate, as the sample included 28% of the total fish ponds projects in earthen ponds and 31.5% of the total fish ponds projects in floating cages based on a questionnaire form prepared for this purpose, and for the purposes of accuracy in measuring risk The sample was divided according to the size of production capacities into small production capacities and large production capacities for fish farms projects in fish ponds and in floating cages, and in light of studying the risk criteria for projects for the research sample, it was reached using the criterion of difference coefficient of the return on investment for the studied projects. The degree of productive, price and investment risk is high in floating cages compared to earthen ponds because they achieve higher economic returns than those achieved by fish ponds. As for the degree of risk of fish farming projects in both types of culture according to the size of production capacities, it has been shown in light of the above-mentioned criteria that the degree of risk Productivity and price increased with small production capacities, but decreased in large production capacities for both types of fish farms (fish ponds, floating cages).","PeriodicalId":18776,"journal":{"name":"Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84974381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
agricultural legislation and the variables affecting compliance with those legislation, as well as knowing the role of agricultural legislation in supporting the steps of agricultural policy in Iraq. The results showed that with regard to the question related to the lack of agricultural loans, 77.6% of farmers considered it an important issue. As for the questions of weak support for production inputs prices and weak support for final output prices, their answers were very similar with the word “agree” with 79.90 and 81.32% of the sample’s answers to questions (14) and (15), respectively. With regard to the answers to the question dealing with the decrease in water quotas, it was shown that the answers of the sample members were homogeneous and agreed with a percentage of 79.19% that it was one of the most important problems they suffer from. The research concluded that the amount of government support provided to production requirements for the cultivation of the crop does not achieve the farmer's goal in reducing production costs and that the contribution of this support is weak relative to the total costs of production requirements. In addition, despite the fact that the state sets the purchase price of the crop at prices that exceed international prices for it, it is considered unrewarding compared to the high production costs in Iraq. The research recommended the need for an honest supervisory body that works to ensure that farmers do not violate the imposed governmental legislation in order to regulate production and develop the agricultural sector, as well as work to improve the reality of agricultural production by providing government support for the use of modern technologies to increase production rates per unit area and achieve greater returns for farmers.Keywords: Likert scale, subsidy policy, agricultural loans* Part of Ph.D Dissertation of 1st author
{"title":"ANALYZING THE POSITION OF RICE FARMERS FROM THE RESULTS OF IMPLEMENTING AGRICULTURAL POLICY IN IRAQ USING A LIKERT SCALE","authors":"Noori Al-Hiyali, M. M.","doi":"10.52113/mjas04/8.4/30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/8.4/30","url":null,"abstract":"agricultural legislation and the variables affecting compliance with those legislation, as well as knowing the role of agricultural legislation in supporting the steps of agricultural policy in Iraq. The results showed that with regard to the question related to the lack of agricultural loans, 77.6% of farmers considered it an important issue. As for the questions of weak support for production inputs prices and weak support for final output prices, their answers were very similar with the word “agree” with 79.90 and 81.32% of the sample’s answers to questions (14) and (15), respectively. With regard to the answers to the question dealing with the decrease in water quotas, it was shown that the answers of the sample members were homogeneous and agreed with a percentage of 79.19% that it was one of the most important problems they suffer from. The research concluded that the amount of government support provided to production requirements for the cultivation of the crop does not achieve the farmer's goal in reducing production costs and that the contribution of this support is weak relative to the total costs of production requirements. In addition, despite the fact that the state sets the purchase price of the crop at prices that exceed international prices for it, it is considered unrewarding compared to the high production costs in Iraq. The research recommended the need for an honest supervisory body that works to ensure that farmers do not violate the imposed governmental legislation in order to regulate production and develop the agricultural sector, as well as work to improve the reality of agricultural production by providing government support for the use of modern technologies to increase production rates per unit area and achieve greater returns for farmers.Keywords: Likert scale, subsidy policy, agricultural loans* Part of Ph.D Dissertation of 1st author","PeriodicalId":18776,"journal":{"name":"Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"455 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90725993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Field experiment was carried out at Hartha Station in Basrah University during the spring of 2021 to study the effect of four concentrates Gibberellic Acid (0,100,200,300 ppm) with three levels from water stress (% 100, % 75, % 50 from field capacity) in Sunflower. Included growth, yield and oil quality characters. Results showed that Gibberellic Acid concentrates were significant different in growth, yield and quality characters. The Gibberellic Acid (100 ppm) was superior in all growth, yield and oil quality characters. Furthermore, plant height, LAI, number of seeds in disc, 1000 seeds weight, seeds yield, and oil present (144.17 cm; 2.77; 1277.26 seeds; 51.83 gm; 3481.9 kg h-1 and % 38.72). The water stress (% 100 from field capacity) has been exceeding in most growth, yield, quality characters while, furthermore, plant height , LAI , number of seeds in disc, weight of 1000 seeds, seeds yield and oil present (137.96 cm ; 2.78 ; 1173.55 seeds ; 50.98 gm ; 3191..2 kg h-1 and % 39.42). Interaction between Gibberellic Acid and water stress affected significantly all growth, yield characters but insignificant in oil present. Interaction between water stress (% 100 from field capacity) with Gibberellic Acid (100 ppm) gave highest rate of plant height, LAI , number of seeds in disc, weight of 1000 seeds and seeds yield (154.30 cm ; 3.24 ; 1355.10 seeds ; 57.48 gm and 3946.1 kg h-1) respectively.
2021年春季，在巴士拉大学的Hartha站进行了现场试验，研究了四种浓缩赤霉素酸(0,100,200,300 ppm)在三个水分胁迫水平(田间容量% 100%，% 75%，% 50%)下对向日葵的影响。包括生长、产量和油质性状。结果表明，赤霉素浓缩液在生长、产量和品质性状上存在显著差异。赤霉素(100ppm)在生长、产量和油质性状方面均具有优势。株高、叶面积指数(LAI)、盘粒数、千粒重、籽粒产量和含油量(144.17 cm;2.77;1277.26种子;51.83通用;3481.9 kg h-1和% 38.72)。水分胁迫(田间容量% 100)对大部分生长、产量、品质性状的影响均大于胁迫(株高、叶面积指数、盘粒数、千粒重、籽粒产量和含油量)(137.96 cm;2.78;种子1173.55粒;50.98克;3191 . .2 kg h-1和% 39.42)。赤霉素与水分胁迫的交互作用对所有生长性状和产量均有显著影响，但对含油量影响不显著。水分胁迫(田间容量% 100)与赤霉素酸(100 ppm)的交互作用使植株高度、叶面积指数、盘粒数、千粒重和籽粒产量(154.30 cm;3.24;1355.10粒种子;57.48 gm和3946.1 kg h-1)。
{"title":"Effect of Gibberellic Acid Application on growth, yield and oil quality of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under water stress","authors":"عبدالأمير مهدي المالكي, كفاح عبدالرضا الدوغجي","doi":"10.52113/mjas04/8.4/32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/8.4/32","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiment was carried out at Hartha Station in Basrah University during the spring of 2021 to study the effect of four concentrates Gibberellic Acid (0,100,200,300 ppm) with three levels from water stress (% 100, % 75, % 50 from field capacity) in Sunflower. Included growth, yield and oil quality characters. Results showed that Gibberellic Acid concentrates were significant different in growth, yield and quality characters. The Gibberellic Acid (100 ppm) was superior in all growth, yield and oil quality characters. Furthermore, plant height, LAI, number of seeds in disc, 1000 seeds weight, seeds yield, and oil present (144.17 cm; 2.77; 1277.26 seeds; 51.83 gm; 3481.9 kg h-1 and % 38.72). The water stress (% 100 from field capacity) has been exceeding in most growth, yield, quality characters while, furthermore, plant height , LAI , number of seeds in disc, weight of 1000 seeds, seeds yield and oil present (137.96 cm ; 2.78 ; 1173.55 seeds ; 50.98 gm ; 3191..2 kg h-1 and % 39.42). Interaction between Gibberellic Acid and water stress affected significantly all growth, yield characters but insignificant in oil present. Interaction between water stress (% 100 from field capacity) with Gibberellic Acid (100 ppm) gave highest rate of plant height, LAI , number of seeds in disc, weight of 1000 seeds and seeds yield (154.30 cm ; 3.24 ; 1355.10 seeds ; 57.48 gm and 3946.1 kg h-1) respectively.","PeriodicalId":18776,"journal":{"name":"Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84299752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1-The effect of the distances between the Jatropha bushes in the field: the experiment carried out in the Province of Muthanna, where planted on the dimensions of (2meters),and between the planted (1,2 and 3 meters), designed by completed random sectors and three replicates. At the end of the experiment the (2 meters) treatment was significantly exceeded in the most of the traits( the number and the length of the branches, number of leaves, the leaf area of the plant, and chlorophyll content leaves ). 2-The experiment of Irrigation period: that is appropriate during the growing season of the tree. On the basis of the difference in the number of irrigations events (6, 12, and 18 days) in accordance to the designed completed random sectors, and three replications were tested during the year of 2015. Fertilizer applied was 150 kg/ha urea, 100 kg/ha of P2O5 , and 100 kg/ha of K2O. End examined the following attributes (the number of branches of the plant, number of leaves , the leaf area of the plant, chlorophyll content in leaves), the 12 day irrigation interval showed the best performance in terms of tested characteristics.
{"title":"The effect of distances and periods of Agriculture irrigation in the growth and development of shrub Jatropha planted in the province of Muthanna","authors":"Hakam K. Dweny","doi":"10.52113/mjas04/8.4/23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/8.4/23","url":null,"abstract":"1-The effect of the distances between the Jatropha bushes in the field: the experiment carried out in the Province of Muthanna, where planted on the dimensions of (2meters),and between the planted (1,2 and 3 meters), designed by completed random sectors and three replicates. At the end of the experiment the (2 meters) treatment was significantly exceeded in the most of the traits( the number and the length of the branches, number of leaves, the leaf area of the plant, and chlorophyll content leaves ). 2-The experiment of Irrigation period: that is appropriate during the growing season of the tree. On the basis of the difference in the number of irrigations events (6, 12, and 18 days) in accordance to the designed completed random sectors, and three replications were tested during the year of 2015. Fertilizer applied was 150 kg/ha urea, 100 kg/ha of P2O5 , and 100 kg/ha of K2O. End examined the following attributes (the number of branches of the plant, number of leaves , the leaf area of the plant, chlorophyll content in leaves), the 12 day irrigation interval showed the best performance in terms of tested characteristics.","PeriodicalId":18776,"journal":{"name":"Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80501026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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