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Mercado de Armas de Fogo Pequenas e Leves no Brasil: uma Gênese do Setor do Período Militar aos Anos Lula 巴西的小型和轻型枪支市场:从军事时期到卢拉年代该部门的起源
Pub Date : 2020-04-19 DOI: 10.5433/2176-6665.2020v25n1p225
M. C. Jardim, Mateus Tobias Vieira
This article has as central theme, the firearms market in Brazil, focusing on the small arms and light weapons. The objective is to present a genesis of the sector, highlighting some turning points and identifying variables that help in the construction and operation of the market. It is inspired by the argument of economic sociology, which considers that markets are social constructions. In methodological terms, we conducted historical research to identify the genesis of the sector and documentary research to map the legislation, the clashes between defenders and critics of the firearms market and their arguments, as well as to access official market databases. The results indicate that, in its genesis, there was a strong symbiosis between private companies and public investments in the sector; With regard to agents, on the side of market defenders, we have a confluence of private companies and public investments in the sector, as well as strong political power, expressed in the slow progress of the 1999 bill, which sought to regulate the market. On the critics' side, the group gains visibility in Brazil after Lula's victory in the 2002 elections, expressing a debate that relates gun possession and murder and speeding up the approval of the 2003 Disarmament Statute.
本文以巴西的枪支市场为中心主题,重点介绍了小型武器和轻武器。本文的目的是介绍该行业的起源,重点介绍一些转折点,并确定有助于市场建设和运营的变量。它受到经济社会学观点的启发,认为市场是社会结构。在方法论方面,我们进行了历史研究,以确定该部门的起源,并进行了文献研究,以绘制立法,枪支市场的捍卫者和批评者之间的冲突及其论点,以及访问官方市场数据库。结果表明,在该行业的起源中,私营公司与公共投资之间存在很强的共生关系;关于代理人,在市场捍卫者方面,私营公司和公共投资在该部门汇合,以及强大的政治力量,1999年试图规范市场的法案进展缓慢就表现了这一点。在批评者方面,在卢拉2002年大选获胜后,该组织在巴西获得了知名度,表达了一场关于持有枪支和谋杀的辩论,并加快了2003年《裁军规约》的批准。
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引用次数: 1
Diáspora e Africanidade entre os Siddis de Karnataka
Pub Date : 2020-04-19 DOI: 10.5433/2176-6665.2020v25n1p23
Andreas Hofbauer
Should the Siddis of Karnataka be understood as part of the African Diaspora? Setting out from a theoretical reflection on some paradigmatic conceptions of the term diaspora, this article examines not only rival academic positions on ‘African descendants’ in India, but above all recent transformations in their communities that have made Africanity and diaspora important references in the political struggle of the so-called Siddis. I argue that neither Africanities nor diasporas are ahistorical ideas and / or social practices with fixed contents; its analysis needs to contemplate the mutual repercussions between theoretical-conceptual discussions and concrete historical contexts.
卡纳塔克邦的西迪人应该被理解为非洲侨民的一部分吗?本文从对“散居”一词的一些典型概念的理论反思出发,不仅考察了在印度的“非洲后裔”的学术立场,而且考察了他们社区最近的转变,这些转变使非洲性和散居在所谓的“西迪斯”的政治斗争中成为重要的参考。我认为,无论是非洲人还是散居者,都不是具有固定内容的非历史观念和/或社会实践;它的分析需要考虑理论-概念讨论与具体历史背景之间的相互影响。
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引用次数: 0
As Pontes de Florestas e Madeiras: Reflexões a partir de um Campo com Engenheiros Florestais Moçambicanos e Brasileiros 森林和木材桥梁:莫桑比克和巴西森林工程师实地考察的反思
Pub Date : 2020-04-19 DOI: 10.5433/2176-6665.2020v25n1p44
Victor Miguel Castillo de Macedo
The present paper discusses the agencies amid humans and non-humans through secondary materials of a research concluded in 2015, between Mozambican forest engineers living in Curitiba, Brazil. It departs from the comprehension that the relations between Brazilians and Mozambicans is based in a epistemological common ground, which is the knowledge in Forest Engineering. Nevertheless, the ontological differences betwixt Brazil and Mozambique built on the academic rituals of this engineers, bring other nuances concerning the referred South-South dialogue. Especially the capacity that those differences have to inform the particularities of the contemporaneity of this specific contexts, their strategies and interests. Following the networks of relations produced between both sides of the Atlantic in this discrete context, I intend to contribute to a more complex reading of the relations amidst those countries, of what is known as the South-South relations, and the place of international cooperation in the social compositions of Brazil and Mozambique.
本文通过2015年在巴西库里提巴的莫桑比克森林工程师之间完成的一项研究的二手材料,讨论了人类和非人类之间的机构。它背离了巴西人和莫桑比克人之间的关系基于认识论上的共同基础的理解,即森林工程方面的知识。然而,巴西和莫桑比克之间建立在这些工程师的学术仪式上的本体论差异,给提到的南南对话带来了其他细微差别。尤其是这些差异所具有的告知特定背景的当代性的特殊性,他们的策略和利益的能力。在这一离散的背景下大西洋两岸之间形成的关系网络之后,我打算对这些国家之间的关系、所谓的南南关系以及国际合作在巴西和莫桑比克社会构成中的地位作出更复杂的解读。
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引用次数: 0
Émile Durkheim e o Estado Émile迪尔凯姆在《Estado》中
Pub Date : 2020-04-19 DOI: 10.5433/2176-6665.2020v25n1p94
S. Vares
This article discusses the concept of the state proposed by Emile Durkheim, as well as its implications in the fields of human and social sciences, considering the sociological bias of its analysis. From its most significant works, it aims to analyze its contributions to the consolidation of a political sociology and, above all, to the current political debate. For this, some important questions are raised about its definition of State, aiming, from the interpretations recognized by the specialized literature, to confront it with the social reality that it encloses in the modern and contemporary world. It is, therefore, an eminently bibliographical work, of a revisionist nature, which seeks, starting from a dialogue with primary and secondary sources, to map the development and maturation of this concept within Durkheim's work.
本文讨论了埃米尔·迪尔凯姆提出的国家概念,以及它在人文科学和社会科学领域的含义,考虑到其分析的社会学偏见。从其最重要的作品中,它旨在分析其对巩固政治社会学的贡献,最重要的是,对当前政治辩论的贡献。为此,对其对国家的定义提出了一些重要的问题,目的是根据专业文献所承认的解释,使其面对它在现代和当代世界中所包围的社会现实。因此,它是一部具有修正主义性质的杰出的书目作品,它从与主要和次要来源的对话开始,寻求在迪尔凯姆的作品中描绘这一概念的发展和成熟。
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引用次数: 0
Sobre a Noção de Teoria Crítica Pós-Moderna de Boaventura de Sousa Santos 论博文图拉·德索萨·桑托斯的后现代批判理论概念
Pub Date : 2020-04-19 DOI: 10.5433/2176-6665.2020v25n1p112
P. Fontes
This investigative work aims to contribute to the renovation of Critical theory in general and to enrich the dialogue within different traditions of critical theory in particular. We will develop the contributions of Boaventura Sousa Santos, which mines the knowledge of the South of the world to confront the dominant thinking of the Northwest. We will summon up his critical questioning of the occidental modernity that has spread throughout the world, through colonialism and capitalism, in systematic regulatory processes that have expanded to all sectors of social life. Besides the critical interpellation that is to be developed, we will contribute to the dialogue between the emerging southern epistemologies with those of the Northwest. A dialog that stems from occurring alternative practices, mainly in Latin-America and that may lead to old Europe towards a new learning and a broadening of its horizons. In that perspective we aim to spark a mutually enriching dialogue of different theoretical proposals, which will complement the exercise of criticism.
这项调查工作旨在为批判理论的总体革新做出贡献,特别是丰富不同批判理论传统之间的对话。我们将发展Boaventura Sousa Santos的贡献,它挖掘了世界南方的知识,以对抗西北地区的主导思想。我们将唤起他对西方现代性的批判性质疑,这种现代性通过殖民主义和资本主义,在系统的监管过程中蔓延到社会生活的各个领域。除了将要发展的批判性质询,我们还将促进新兴的南方认识论与西北认识论之间的对话。这种对话源于主要在拉丁美洲出现的替代做法,可能导致旧欧洲走向新的学习和扩大其视野。从这个角度来看,我们的目标是激发不同理论建议的相互丰富的对话,这将补充批评的行使。
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引用次数: 0
Por uma Sociologia do Encontro: Trabalho de Campo, Posições Sociais e Processos de Interação na Produção do Conhecimento 会议社会学:实地工作、社会地位和知识生产中的互动过程
Pub Date : 2020-04-19 DOI: 10.5433/2176-6665.2020v25n1p142
Lucas Amaral de Oliveira
The aim of this article is to analyze the methodological and epistemological aspects of a research on literary production in the peripheries of Sao Paulo. By presenting episodes of my fieldwork in “open mic events”, along with the questions raised to me by my interlocutors, I seek, on the one hand, to qualify the way of producing literature and acting of these agents, and on the other hand, to problematize my own positions and my place of speech and writing. This text is also a defense of a reflexive sociology that, while retains its critical objectivity, is at the same time a position taking on social problems and an exercise of encountering and dialoguing with the local and active public. I argue that we need, as sociologists, to be aware on the knowledge erected from material and symbolic struggles against the variety of injustices – including epistemic ones – of all those excluded from the logic of knowledge production.
本文的目的是分析圣保罗周边地区文学生产研究的方法论和认识论方面。通过展示我在“开放麦克风事件”中的田野调查片段,以及我的对话者向我提出的问题,一方面,我试图限定这些代理人创作文学和行为的方式,另一方面,对我自己的立场和我的言论和写作场所提出问题。本文也是对反思性社会学的辩护,这种社会学在保留其批判客观性的同时,也是对社会问题的一种立场,也是与当地和活跃的公众相遇和对话的一种练习。我认为,作为社会学家,我们需要意识到,从反对各种不公正的物质和象征性斗争中建立起来的知识——包括认识上的不公正——所有被排除在知识生产逻辑之外的人。
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引用次数: 1
A Antropologia Haitiana e a Questão Racial no Século XIX 19世纪的海地人类学与种族问题
Pub Date : 2020-04-19 DOI: 10.5433/2176-6665.2020v25n1p207
F. Déus
When looking at the racial issue, this article presents considerations about 19th century Haitian Anthropology, focusing on two works produced at the end of the same century, On the Equality of Human Races: positive anthropology by Firmin (1885) and On the Rehabilitation of the Black Race by Price Republic of Haiti (1898). Both authors not only denounced violence, discrimination suffered by the black “race”, but also denounced European scientific racism, struggling to (re) build a positive image of black people. Analyzing these works, I understand that these authors had influences on African American thinkers. I also make it clear that his works aimed to promote a new conception of Anthropology and human beings. When comparing these two works, I understand that Haitian anthropology, throughout the 19th century, remained a counter-hegemonic anthropology.
在研究种族问题时,本文提出了对19世纪海地人类学的思考,重点关注同一世纪末出版的两部作品:《人种平等:积极人类学》(1885年)和《海地共和国黑人种族的复兴》(1898年)。两位作者不仅谴责黑人“种族”所遭受的暴力、歧视,还谴责欧洲的科学种族主义,努力(重新)塑造黑人的正面形象。通过分析这些作品,我了解到这些作者对非裔美国思想家产生了影响。我还明确指出,他的作品旨在推动一种新的人类学和人类观念。在比较这两部作品时,我了解到海地人类学在整个19世纪仍然是一种反霸权的人类学。
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引用次数: 0
O Precariado como Problema Sociológico 不稳定是一个社会学问题
Pub Date : 2020-04-19 DOI: 10.5433/2176-6665.2020v25n1p126
Vinícius Tomaz Fernandes
O precariado foi difundido como conceito a partir da necessidade, pelas ciencias sociais, em conferir interpretacoes alternativas para o cenario de metamorfoses da classe trabalhadora, que tomou carater acentuadamente heterogeneo e multifacetado, especialmente a partir da decada de 1980. O presente artigo objetiva compreender a origem do termo precariado, os fundamentos conceituais fornecidos por seus principais teoricos, bem como seus criticos. Por fim, realizamos um balanco do debate teorico, nos afastando da concepcao de um precariado como segmento social especifico, seja ele concebido como uma nova classe social ou como segmento de classe, mas realcando sua dimensao eminentemente politico-agitativa, ligada a sua origem em organizacoes de trabalhadores.
不稳定作为一个概念被广泛传播,因为社会科学需要对工人阶级的变形场景提供不同的解释,这具有明显的异质性和多方面的特征,特别是从20世纪80年代开始。本文旨在了解“不稳定”一词的起源,其主要理论家和批评者提供的概念基础。最后,我们对理论辩论进行了平衡,使我们远离了不稳定作为一个特定的社会阶层的概念,无论是作为一个新的社会阶层还是作为一个阶级阶层,但突出了其突出的政治鼓动维度,与它的起源有关的工人组织。
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引用次数: 0
Estudantes Africanos dos PALOP em Redenção, Ceará, Brasil: Representações, Identidades e Poder 非洲PALOP学生在救赎,ceara,巴西:代表,身份和权力
Pub Date : 2020-04-19 DOI: 10.5433/2176-6665.2020v25n1p64
C. Abrantes, Daniele Ellery Mourão
This paper discusses the representations inscribed in the experience of african students in Redencao – city localized in the countryside of Ceara, Brazil – as part of a social reality promoted by the public policies of integration and inclusion which emerged with the International University for the Luso-Afro-Brazilian (Unilab) in 2010. The investigation was possible through observation and participation that allowed connections between images, discourses and local situations. The differences that are felt and lived by the foreign students are understood as part of the identity construction organized through ethnical and racial biases in a particular and situational context (BARTH, 2003). Through the conflicts and an interexchange of communication almost inexistent between foreigners and locals, the article identifies the heritage of dominant regimes of representation of the black people (HALL, 1990) in Ceara and aims to establish connections between the identitary processes, racism and the exercise of power in the contemporary world.
本文讨论了非洲学生在巴西塞阿拉农村城市Redencao的经历,这是2010年葡非巴国际大学(Unilab)出现的融合和包容公共政策所推动的社会现实的一部分。通过观察和参与,将图像、话语和当地情况联系起来,调查成为可能。外国学生感受到和经历的差异被理解为在特定情境下通过种族和种族偏见组织的身份建构的一部分(BARTH, 2003)。通过外国人和当地人之间几乎不存在的冲突和交流,本文确定了Ceara黑人代表的主导政权的遗产(HALL, 1990),旨在建立当代世界中身份认同过程,种族主义和权力行使之间的联系。
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引用次数: 0
As múltiplas maneiras de ser dos pombos e seus afetos: como pombos e outras aves cativam os seres humanos 鸽子的多重存在方式及其情感:鸽子和其他鸟类如何吸引人类
Pub Date : 2019-12-11 DOI: 10.5433/2176-6665.2019v24n3p72
Sara Moreno
This article aims to propose a reflection about the captivation of people for some animals, in specific contexts and situations, focuses on the multiple ways of pigeons being and its affection capacity, as well in its distinction towards other birds. These reflections start, mainly, from the unloved others concept and the daily presences to think how far it is the specie that determine some captivation by human beings. Furthermore, once we comprehend the multiple ways of pigeons being and its affection capacity, we can see interactions of these with humans that can be translated by fighting, disgust, control, appreciation, protection and living with. Understanding that these interactions happens in many ways, I shall to think how the unloved others concept may help to think pigeons, once they can be, in specific contexts and situations, a unloved specie by people, but also can be, essentially, in a multiple way.
这篇文章的目的是在特定的环境和情况下,提出人们对某些动物的吸引力的反思,重点是鸽子的多种存在方式和它的情感能力,以及它与其他鸟类的区别。这些思考主要是从“不被爱的人”的概念和日常生活的存在开始的,思考物种在多大程度上决定了对人类的吸引力。此外,一旦我们理解了鸽子的多种存在方式及其情感能力,我们就可以看到它们与人类的互动,这些互动可以通过战斗、厌恶、控制、欣赏、保护和生活来翻译。理解了这些相互作用以多种方式发生,我将思考“不被爱的人”这个概念如何帮助我们思考鸽子,一旦它们在特定的环境和情况下,成为一个不被人爱的物种,但本质上,也可以以多种方式。
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引用次数: 0
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Mediações: Revista de Ciências Sociais
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