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Neoliberalismo e sofrimento psíquico: A psiquiatrização dos padecimentos no âmbito laboral e escolar 新自由主义与精神痛苦:工作和学校环境中痛苦的精神病学
Pub Date : 2020-08-25 DOI: 10.5433/2176-6665.2020v25n2p302
Sandra Caponi, Patricia Kozuchovski Daré
O neoliberalismo e um espaco de producao de subjetividade cujo eixo e a nocao de capital humano. Considerando-se que, para o discurso neoliberal, a construcao desse capital humano deve ter inicio na primeira infância, mostramos que, nesse contexto, a educacao e entendida como um investimento destinado a hierarquizar e valorizar esse capital. Partindo dos trabalhos de Dardot e Laval, propomos estudar o impacto efetivo que esse modo neoliberal de entender educacao tem no âmbito escolar, sublinhando seu vinculo com a proliferacao de diagnosticos psiquiatricos na infância. Finalmente, analisamos de que modo esse processo de psiquiatrizacao dos sofrimentos psiquicos, e de apagamento de fatores e conflitos sociais, impacta na saude mental das criancas quando elas fracassam no processo educativo.
新自由主义是一个以人力资本概念为轴心的主体性生产空间。考虑到对于新自由主义话语来说,这种人力资本的构建应该从儿童早期开始,我们表明,在这种背景下,教育被理解为一种投资,旨在对这种资本进行排名和评估。基于达多和拉瓦尔的工作,我们建议研究这种理解教育的新自由主义方式在学校环境中的有效影响,强调它与儿童精神病学诊断激增的联系。最后,我们分析了这种精神痛苦的精神病学过程,以及消除社会因素和冲突的过程,如何影响儿童在教育过程中失败的心理健康。
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引用次数: 3
A “Lei Kanhgág”: Sistema de Metades e Outras Classificações Ameríndias “kanhgag法”:二分法和其他美洲印第安人分类
Pub Date : 2020-08-25 DOI: 10.5433/2176-6665.2020v25n2p504
Diego Fernandes Dias Severo
On a daily basis, the kanhgag use classifications in order to situate their relationships. Some terms refer to the Moiety System (Kame e Kanhru), such as regre e o jamre, and others reach the way of behavior: the pure indian and the indian. Between these two positions, which seem to be diametrical, surge, respectively, the terms kanhko e misturado. These terms break the opposition and configure the group of relatives as unities, which distinguish the other indian groups from white people. This paper aims to present and explore the particularities of these denominations and problematize these elements in the framework of ameridio dualism. According to the ethnographic research conducted in the indian land Nonoai and in the villages Por Fi Ga and Fosa, it was possible to conclude the elements used for the distinctions make the same conjunct active in the moiety system and, in the same way, it embraces the diametrality, the concernism and the triadism.
在日常生活中,kanhgag使用分类来定位他们之间的关系。有些术语指的是大多数系统(Kame e Kanhru),如regre o jamre,还有一些术语指的是行为方式:纯粹的印度人和印度人。在这两个似乎截然不同的位置之间,分别出现了“kanhko”和“misturado”这两个术语。这些术语打破了对立,将亲属群体配置为统一的群体,从而将其他印度群体与白人区分开来。本文旨在呈现和探讨这些名称的特殊性,并在ameridio二元论的框架下对这些元素进行问题化。根据在印度土地Nonoai和村庄Por Fi Ga和Fosa进行的人种学研究,可以得出结论,用于区分的元素在大多数系统中使相同的连词活跃,并且以同样的方式,它包含了直径,关注和三合性。
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引用次数: 0
A Luta por Direitos dos Trabalhadores “Uberizados”: Apontamentos Iniciais Sobre Organização e Atuação Coletivas 争取“优步化”工人权利的斗争:关于组织和集体行动的初步说明
Pub Date : 2020-08-25 DOI: 10.5433/2176-6665.2020v25n2p469
Thiago Patrício Gondim
In face of the increasing uberization phenomenon in Brazil, the article analyses new forms of uberized work, its impacts at the working market and the regulation of labor relations, it also examines the workers reactions by organizations and collective representations. A research have been made in Google platform to verify which uberized workers groups engages to organize themselves, which are the characteristics and entities that they represent and to examine its forms of action by collecting data at their electronic communications channels. Highlighted unions and associations that represent drivers and motorcycle deliverers linked to applications, whose contribute to build the fight for rights by actions aiming the public power and companies, arisen demands related to access to work, costs reduction, security and remuneration.
面对巴西日益增长的优步化现象,本文分析了优步化工作的新形式,它对劳动市场和劳动关系的调节的影响,它也检查了组织和集体代表工人的反应。在谷歌平台上进行了一项研究,以验证哪些uberized工人团体参与组织自己,哪些是他们所代表的特征和实体,并通过收集他们的电子通信渠道的数据来检查其行动形式。重点介绍了代表与应用程序相关的司机和摩托车交付者的工会和协会,他们通过针对公共权力和公司的行动,为争取权利作出贡献,并提出了与工作机会、降低成本、安全和薪酬有关的新要求。
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引用次数: 3
Abrindo Caixas-Pretas: Contribuições Metodológicas de Jon Elster às Ciências Sociais 打开黑盒子:乔恩·埃尔斯特对社会科学的方法论贡献
Pub Date : 2020-08-25 DOI: 10.5433/2176-6665.2020v25n2p393
G. Venturelli
This article aims to present what we regard as the Jon Elster’s main contribution to methodological concern in social science. Despite the vastness and complexity of his work, this is an introductory paper. Elster’s main concept is social mechanisms, which allows social sciences to produce theories with greater capacity of explanation. Before we get to methodological synthesis on Elster, we will explore some fundamental ideas that help us to understand the author’s stance. Thus, we approach methodological individualism, rational choice theory, causal explanations, then we will dedicate some pages to the social mechanisms concept, presenting definitions, examples, a typology, his main contributions for social sciences and some limitations of his work. We conclude that the social mechanisms concept seems rich and usable in the field of social sciences research. Despite of its high level of sophistication, the main concept has some limitations, as we can see in the final section.
本文旨在介绍我们认为乔恩·埃尔斯特对社会科学方法论关注的主要贡献。尽管他的工作内容庞大而复杂,但这是一篇介绍性的论文。埃尔斯特的主要概念是社会机制,它允许社会科学产生具有更大解释能力的理论。在我们对埃尔斯特进行方法论综合之前,我们将探讨一些有助于我们理解作者立场的基本观点。因此,我们将探讨方法论个人主义,理性选择理论,因果解释,然后我们将用一些页面来介绍社会机制概念,介绍定义,示例,类型学,他对社会科学的主要贡献以及他工作的一些局限性。我们认为,社会机制的概念在社会科学研究领域似乎是丰富和可用的。尽管其高度复杂,但主要概念有一些局限性,正如我们在最后一节中看到的那样。
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引用次数: 0
A Judicialização de Conflitos Socioambientais na Amazônia Rural e Urbana: Experiências com Termos de Ajustamento de Conduta em Barcarena e Belém (PA) 农村和城市亚马逊地区环境冲突的司法化:Barcarena和belem (PA)的行为调整经验
Pub Date : 2020-08-25 DOI: 10.5433/2176-6665.2020v25n2p449
P. Soares, M. Hazeu, Simy de Almeida Corrêa
This work addresses experiences of mediation of socio-environmental conflicts with Conduct Adjustment Agreements (CAAs) in the Amazon, in Belem (PA) and Barcarena (PA), where traditional and low-income populations are affected by urbanization projects and the mining industry. The work draws on participant observation and analysis of official documents from five CCAs. We seek to understand their social effectiveness, the contradictions, and the role of rural and urban communities within (extra)judicial negotiations led by the Public Prosecutor’s Office against private companies and the State. It concludes that CAAs claim to be alternative judicial procedures, while in reality they replicate the downsides of conventional legal actions: lengthy and consuming processes with limited grassroots participation and no resolution, validating the violations committed by the State and companies.
本工作探讨了在亚马逊、贝伦(贝伦)和巴卡雷尔纳(巴卡雷尔纳)通过行为调整协议(CAAs)调解社会环境冲突的经验,这些地区的传统和低收入人口受到城市化项目和采矿业的影响。这项工作借鉴了对五个共同承诺国官方文件的参与性观察和分析。我们试图了解它们的社会效力、矛盾以及农村和城市社区在由检察官办公室领导的针对私营公司和国家的(额外)司法谈判中的作用。报告的结论是,CAAs声称是替代司法程序,而实际上它们复制了传统法律行动的缺点:冗长而耗时的过程,基层参与有限,没有解决方案,证实了国家和公司所犯的违法行为。
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引用次数: 1
Por uma Sociologia dos Riscos 关于风险的社会学
Pub Date : 2020-08-25 DOI: 10.5433/2176-6665.2020v25n2p538
Carlos Guilherme Rocha
Book review: MENDES, Jose Manuel. Sociologia do risco. Uma breve introducao e algumas licoes. Coimbra: Universidade de Coimbra, 2015, 106 p.
= =地理= =根据美国人口普查,这个县的土地面积为。风险社会学。一个简短的介绍和一些课程。科英布拉:科英布拉大学,2015,106页。
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引用次数: 0
Apresentação do Dossiê: Racionalidade neoliberal e processos de subjetivação contemporâneos 档案呈现:新自由主义理性与当代主体性过程
Pub Date : 2020-08-25 DOI: 10.5433/2176-6665.2020v25n2p287
Elton Corbanezi, J. M. Rasia
In this dossier, we gather theoretical and empirical studies on neoliberal rationality and current processes of subjectivation. To introduce it, we initially discuss the rise of the term “neoliberalism” and highlight the predominant forms of its critical analysis (economicist, neomarxist and bourdieusian approaches and the studies of governmentality). Then, mainly through studies of governmentality, we present the intellectual origin of neoliberalism and its historical concretization, to show how it became a rationality that establishes specific processes of subjectivation. In this sense, we underline the thesis that competition and performance, typical of contemporary subjectivation based on the enterprise model, constitute a global norm in different spheres, from states to subjectivities. Finally, we present the contributions of Brazilian and foreign researchers selected for the dossier.
在这个档案中,我们收集了关于新自由主义理性和当前主体化过程的理论和实证研究。为了介绍它,我们首先讨论了“新自由主义”一词的兴起,并强调了其批判分析的主要形式(经济学、新马克思主义和资产阶级方法以及治理学研究)。然后,主要通过对治理学的研究,我们展示了新自由主义的思想起源及其历史具体化,以展示它如何成为一种建立具体主体化过程的理性。从这个意义上说,我们强调的论点是,竞争和绩效,基于企业模式的当代主体化的典型,构成了从国家到主体性的不同领域的全球规范。最后,我们介绍了巴西和外国研究人员选择档案的贡献。
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引用次数: 3
O jeitão neoliberal no Brasil: compêndio sobre o caráter nacional e a racionalidade neoliberal a partir de Francisco de Oliveira 巴西的新自由主义方式:弗朗西斯科·德奥利韦拉的民族性格与新自由主义理性纲要
Pub Date : 2020-08-25 DOI: 10.5433/2176-6665.2020v25n2p358
Josnei Di Carlo
As a doctrine, neoliberalism acquired its first contours in the 1930s. At the same time, Brazilian intellectuals studied the social formation of Brazil to understand its identity. On the one hand, the creation of an abstract theoretical model. On the other, the concern to understand the historical specificity of a country in the world. From the 1980s, the neoliberal primer begins to be followed by several countries. In Brazil, decades ago the essay was rejected by the Social Sciences for its little objectivity, in function of turning to the character of a society. Becoming hegemonic at the turn of the 20th to the 21st century, neoliberalism also came to be understood as a rationality, for organizing social life. Thus, the objective of this article is to analyze the work of Francisco de Oliveira after the Plano Real (1994) to demonstrate that he mobilized the intellectuals of the 1930s to highlight that neoliberal policies organize social life through the national character.
作为一种学说,新自由主义在20世纪30年代初具轮廓。与此同时,巴西知识分子对巴西的社会形态进行了研究,以了解巴西的身份。一方面,建立抽象的理论模型。另一方面,要了解世界上一个国家的历史特殊性。从20世纪80年代开始,新自由主义启蒙开始被一些国家所遵循。几十年前,在巴西,这篇文章被《社会科学》杂志(Social Sciences)拒绝,因为它缺乏客观性,无法触及一个社会的特征。新自由主义在20世纪到21世纪之交成为霸权,也开始被理解为组织社会生活的一种理性。因此,本文的目的是分析弗朗西斯科·德·奥利维拉(Francisco de Oliveira)在Plano Real(1994)之后的工作,以证明他动员了20世纪30年代的知识分子,以强调新自由主义政策通过国民性组织社会生活。
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引用次数: 1
“Entre Plantas, Curadores e Entidades”: o Modelo Terapêutico do Centro Ayahuasqueiro Flor de Jasmim “在植物、治疗师和实体之间”:死藤中心茉莉花的治疗模式
Pub Date : 2020-08-25 DOI: 10.5433/2176-6665.2020v25n2p523
W. Lira
In this article we describe the therapeutic particularities from the Centro Ayahuasqueiro Flor de Jasmim; religious group about which we dedicate the ethnographic presentation of the phenomena related to the establishment of health and the treatment of diseases. For such, we describe the cases observed in the field, as well of the narratives of the Center's curators. In conclusion, we detect that the effectiveness of local therapies is associated with the role of healers, patients and entities in complex interactions for the acquisition of health and to expel diseases and other problems in the lives of people assisted by the Center.
在这篇文章中,我们描述了中心Ayahuasqueiro Flor de Jasmim的治疗特点;我们将用人种学的方式介绍与健康建立和疾病治疗有关的现象。为此,我们描述了在该领域观察到的案例,以及该中心策展人的叙述。总之,我们发现,当地疗法的有效性与治疗师、患者和实体在复杂的相互作用中所起的作用有关,这些相互作用是为了获得健康,并消除中心援助的人们生活中的疾病和其他问题。
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引用次数: 0
Neoliberalismo, procesos de subjetivación y mutaciones socio-técnicas. Reflexiones a partir de un estudio de caso. 新自由主义、主体化过程和社会技术变革。来自案例研究的反思。
Pub Date : 2020-08-25 DOI: 10.5433/2176-6665.2020v25n2p321
S. Presta
The gradual advance of digital manufacturing technologies in relation to the mutations of capitalism, both in productive and extra-productive spheres, generates new questions regarding the place of human work and its meanings in the neoliberal civilizing project. Our purpose is to research the deep displacement of the working subject towards the entrepreneurial subject in relation to neoliberal government goals that aim to reconfigure both values and feelings as the experience of time and space in relation to the senses of work and everyday life. Our considerations will be related to the field work carried out on the project of a Non-Governmental Organization that promotes training spaces in applied robotics and construction of 3D printers, the associative organization and entrepreneurship in different communities in the neighborhoods and settlements of the southern zone from the City of Buenos Aires.
数字制造技术的逐渐进步与资本主义的突变有关,无论是在生产领域还是在非生产领域,都产生了关于人类工作的位置及其在新自由主义文明计划中的意义的新问题。我们的目的是研究与新自由主义政府目标相关的工作主体向创业主体的深度位移,新自由主义政府目标旨在将价值观和情感重新配置为与工作和日常生活感觉相关的时间和空间体验。我们的考虑将与一个非政府组织的项目开展的实地工作有关,该项目促进了应用机器人和3D打印机建设的培训空间,以及在布宜诺斯艾利斯市南部地区社区和定居点的不同社区的联合组织和创业精神。
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引用次数: 0
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Mediações: Revista de Ciências Sociais
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