Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2363211
James K Douch, Luke J Vaughan, Jerry A Cooper, Gareth D Holmes, Richard Robinson, Franck Stefani, Alexander Idnurm, Tom W May
Stipitate Thelephorales are basidiomycetous, mostly hydnoid, ectomycorrhizal fungi. Some species have declined considerably, and some are threat-listed as vulnerable or endangered. These ecological concerns require a well-resolved taxonomy to understand diversity in this group of fungi and facilitate conservation. However, phylogenetic studies have mostly neglected Southern Hemisphere representatives. This study examines the fleshy species of stipitate Thelephorales from native forests in Australia and New Zealand, using morphological analyses and phylogenetic analyses of nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS barcode) and D1-D2 domains at the 5' end of nuc 28S rDNA (28S) sequences amplified from DNA isolated from fungarium collections and environmental DNA (eDNA) sequences from the Australian Microbiome initiative. Five new species, Sarcodon austrofibulatus, Hydnellum gatesiae, H. nothofagacearum, H. pseudoioeides, and H. variisporum, are described, Sarcodon carbonarius is transferred to Neosarcodon, and a key is provided for the six named species in the region. Boletopsis and Neosarcodon are reported from Australia for the first time based on detections from eDNA in soil samples taken from native forests. The Australasian species of Hydnellum occupy a highly derived position with the phylogeny of the genus, the members of which are otherwise all from the Northern Hemisphere, suggestive of a long-distance dispersal origin for the Australasian species.
{"title":"Taxonomic revision of fleshy species of <i>Hydnellum, Neosarcodon</i>, and <i>Sarcodon</i> (Thelephorales) from Australasia.","authors":"James K Douch, Luke J Vaughan, Jerry A Cooper, Gareth D Holmes, Richard Robinson, Franck Stefani, Alexander Idnurm, Tom W May","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2363211","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2363211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stipitate Thelephorales are basidiomycetous, mostly hydnoid, ectomycorrhizal fungi. Some species have declined considerably, and some are threat-listed as vulnerable or endangered. These ecological concerns require a well-resolved taxonomy to understand diversity in this group of fungi and facilitate conservation. However, phylogenetic studies have mostly neglected Southern Hemisphere representatives. This study examines the fleshy species of stipitate Thelephorales from native forests in Australia and New Zealand, using morphological analyses and phylogenetic analyses of nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS barcode) and D1-D2 domains at the 5' end of nuc 28S rDNA (28S) sequences amplified from DNA isolated from fungarium collections and environmental DNA (eDNA) sequences from the Australian Microbiome initiative. Five new species, <i>Sarcodon austrofibulatus, Hydnellum gatesiae, H. nothofagacearum, H. pseudoioeides</i>, and <i>H. variisporum</i>, are described, <i>Sarcodon carbonarius</i> is transferred to <i>Neosarcodon</i>, and a key is provided for the six named species in the region. <i>Boletopsis</i> and <i>Neosarcodon</i> are reported from Australia for the first time based on detections from eDNA in soil samples taken from native forests. The Australasian species of <i>Hydnellum</i> occupy a highly derived position with the phylogeny of the genus, the members of which are otherwise all from the Northern Hemisphere, suggestive of a long-distance dispersal origin for the Australasian species.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"965-992"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142109599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2401321
Adeline Su Yien Ting, Peck Ting Gan
The endolichenic Fusarium solani (EF5), known to show induced metabolite production when exposed to red and green lights, was selected for characterization of their putative light-regulated bioactive compounds. To achieve this, fractionation was first performed for crude extracts from cultures of F. solani (EF5) incubated in green, red, white-fluorescent light and dark conditions. The extract yielded 12 (dark condition) to 15 (exposed to green, red, and white-fluorescent lights) fractions, and each of the fractions was tested for antimicrobial activities. The fraction (fraction 5) that showed the most promising antimicrobial activity was then subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to identify the bioactive compounds. Results revealed detection of two new metabolites from endolichenic F. solani, putatively identified as 8-deoxyjavanicin and fusolanone A, which are known to have antimicrobial properties. This study revealed that red and green lights trigger the production of 8-deoxyjavanicin and fusolanone A, which likely contributed to the antimicrobial properties demonstrated by endolichenic F. solani.
已知内生镰刀菌(EF5)在红光和绿光照射下会产生诱导代谢物,因此我们选择了这种镰刀菌来鉴定其潜在的光调节生物活性化合物。为此,首先对在绿光、红光、白荧光和黑暗条件下培养的 F. solani (EF5) 的粗提取物进行了分馏。提取物产生了 12 个(黑暗条件下)至 15 个(暴露于绿色、红色和白色荧光灯下)馏分,并对每个馏分进行了抗菌活性测试。然后,对抗菌活性最强的馏分(馏分 5)进行高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和液相色谱-质谱法(LC-MS)检测,以确定生物活性化合物。结果显示,从内吸性 F. solani 中检测到了两种新的代谢物,分别为 8-deoxyjavanicin 和 fusolanone A,这两种代谢物具有抗菌特性。这项研究表明,红光和绿光会触发 8-脱氧岩白菜素和扶桑花内酯 A 的产生,这很可能是内吸性茄科真菌具有抗菌特性的原因。
{"title":"Characterization of putative antimicrobial compounds produced by endolichenic <i>Fusarium solani</i> exposed to light treatments.","authors":"Adeline Su Yien Ting, Peck Ting Gan","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2401321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2024.2401321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The endolichenic <i>Fusarium solani</i> (EF5), known to show induced metabolite production when exposed to red and green lights, was selected for characterization of their putative light-regulated bioactive compounds. To achieve this, fractionation was first performed for crude extracts from cultures of <i>F. solani</i> (EF5) incubated in green, red, white-fluorescent light and dark conditions. The extract yielded 12 (dark condition) to 15 (exposed to green, red, and white-fluorescent lights) fractions, and each of the fractions was tested for antimicrobial activities. The fraction (fraction 5) that showed the most promising antimicrobial activity was then subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to identify the bioactive compounds. Results revealed detection of two new metabolites from endolichenic <i>F. solani</i>, putatively identified as 8-deoxyjavanicin and fusolanone A, which are known to have antimicrobial properties. This study revealed that red and green lights trigger the production of 8-deoxyjavanicin and fusolanone A, which likely contributed to the antimicrobial properties demonstrated by endolichenic <i>F. solani</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2395688
Jean-Claude Rizinde Hakizimana, Mario Amalfi, Alphonse Balezi, Cony Decock
The tropical African Laetiporus species are revised, based on morphological, ecological, distribution, and phylogenetic data. Laetiporus discolor, originally described from insular Mauritius, is accepted for the species spanning over the African eastern mountain ranges. Laetiporus oboensis and Laetiporus tenuiculus are described as new from the African equatorial insular São Tomé, based on phylogenetic, morphological, and distribution data. Laetiporus oboensis is characterized by compound basidiomes, with densely imbricated pilei in pale orange tint, a lobed margin, 3-4 pores/mm, and basidiospores averaging 4.8 × 3.7 μm. Laetiporus tenuiculus has mostly solitary, small, thin basidiomes, with pale flesh to pale orange pileus, an incised margin, 4-5 pores/mm, and basidiospores averaging 5.4 × 4.2 µm. A fourth species, known from two isolates from Ethiopian highlands, but for which voucher specimens were not available for description, is uncertain. These four species form an African endemic lineage, whose distribution is Afromountainous.
{"title":"<i>Laetiporus</i> (Laetiporaceae, Basidiomycota) in tropical Africa is represented by a single Afromontane lineage and four species, including <i>Laetiporus discolor, Laetiporus oboensis</i>, sp. nov., <i>Laetiporus tenuiculus</i>, sp. nov., and <i>Laetiporus</i> sp. 1.","authors":"Jean-Claude Rizinde Hakizimana, Mario Amalfi, Alphonse Balezi, Cony Decock","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2395688","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2395688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The tropical African <i>Laetiporus</i> species are revised, based on morphological, ecological, distribution, and phylogenetic data. <i>Laetiporus discolor</i>, originally described from insular Mauritius, is accepted for the species spanning over the African eastern mountain ranges. <i>Laetiporus oboensis</i> and <i>Laetiporus tenuiculus</i> are described as new from the African equatorial insular São Tomé, based on phylogenetic, morphological, and distribution data. <i>Laetiporus oboensis</i> is characterized by compound basidiomes, with densely imbricated pilei in pale orange tint, a lobed margin, 3-4 pores/mm, and basidiospores averaging 4.8 × 3.7 μm. <i>Laetiporus tenuiculus</i> has mostly solitary, small, thin basidiomes, with pale flesh to pale orange pileus, an incised margin, 4-5 pores/mm, and basidiospores averaging 5.4 × 4.2 µm. A fourth species, known from two isolates from Ethiopian highlands, but for which voucher specimens were not available for description, is uncertain. These four species form an African endemic lineage, whose distribution is Afromountainous.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1083-1100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142470192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2394758
Wilma J Nel, Claire Randolph, Trudy Paap, Brett P Hurley, Bernard Slippers, Irene Barnes, Michael J Wingfield
Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are small wood-boring insects that live in an obligate symbiosis with fungi, which serve as their primary food source. Beetles residing in the genus Euwallacea have evolved a unique association with a clade of Fusarium that falls within the aptly named Ambrosia Fusarium Clade (AFC). The discovery of the invasive polyphagous shot hole borer, E. fornicatus, in South Africa, has heightened awareness of ambrosia beetles and their symbionts in the country. In this study, we investigated the Fusarium symbionts of three species of Euwallacea in South Africa, with a specific focus on those associated with E. xanthopus. Isolations of Fusarium strains from both living and dissected beetles yielded nearly 100 isolates. Using multigene phylogenetic analyses, these isolates were identified as six different Fusarium species. Fusarium hypothenemi and F. euwallaceae have previously been reported from South Africa. Fusarium pseudensiforme and Fusarium AF-6 are new records for the country. The remaining two species are new to science and are described here as F. rufum sp. nov. and F. floriferum sp. nov. Targeted fungal isolation from specific beetle body parts revealed that the AFC species collected were typically associated with the dissected beetle heads and helped us identify the likely nutritional symbiont of E. xanthopus. This study highlights the understudied diversity of fungal associates of ambrosia beetles present in South Africa.
Ambrosia 甲虫(鞘翅目:蛀虫科:鞘翅目)是一种小型蛀木昆虫,与真菌共生,真菌是它们的主要食物来源。甲虫 Euwallacea 属与镰刀菌的一个支系有着独特的联系,该支系被恰当地命名为 Ambrosia Fusarium 支系 (AFC)。在南非发现的入侵性多食性射孔螟(E. fornicatus)提高了人们对南非伏甲及其共生体的认识。在这项研究中,我们调查了南非三种伏甲的镰刀菌共生体,重点是那些与黄龙蝽相关的共生体。从活甲虫和解剖甲虫中分离的镰刀菌株产生了近 100 个分离株。通过多基因系统发育分析,这些分离株被鉴定为 6 个不同的镰刀菌种。以前曾报道过南非的 Fusarium hypothenemi 和 F. euwallaceae。Fusarium pseudensiforme 和 Fusarium AF-6 是南非的新记录。其余两个菌种是科学界的新发现,在此分别描述为 F. rufum sp.从特定甲虫身体部位进行有针对性的真菌分离发现,收集到的 AFC 物种通常与解剖的甲虫头部有关,并帮助我们确定了 E. xanthopus 可能的营养共生体。这项研究凸显了南非伏甲甲虫真菌伴生物多样性研究的不足。
{"title":"<i>Fusarium</i> species associated with <i>Euwallacea xanthopus</i> in South Africa, including two novel species.","authors":"Wilma J Nel, Claire Randolph, Trudy Paap, Brett P Hurley, Bernard Slippers, Irene Barnes, Michael J Wingfield","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2394758","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2394758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are small wood-boring insects that live in an obligate symbiosis with fungi, which serve as their primary food source. Beetles residing in the genus <i>Euwallacea</i> have evolved a unique association with a clade of <i>Fusarium</i> that falls within the aptly named Ambrosia <i>Fusarium</i> Clade (AFC). The discovery of the invasive polyphagous shot hole borer, <i>E. fornicatus</i>, in South Africa, has heightened awareness of ambrosia beetles and their symbionts in the country. In this study, we investigated the <i>Fusarium</i> symbionts of three species of <i>Euwallacea</i> in South Africa, with a specific focus on those associated with <i>E. xanthopus</i>. Isolations of <i>Fusarium</i> strains from both living and dissected beetles yielded nearly 100 isolates. Using multigene phylogenetic analyses, these isolates were identified as six different <i>Fusarium</i> species. <i>Fusarium hypothenemi</i> and <i>F. euwallaceae</i> have previously been reported from South Africa. <i>Fusarium pseudensiforme</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> AF-6 are new records for the country. The remaining two species are new to science and are described here as <i>F. rufum</i> sp. nov. and <i>F. floriferum</i> sp. nov. Targeted fungal isolation from specific beetle body parts revealed that the AFC species collected were typically associated with the dissected beetle heads and helped us identify the likely nutritional symbiont of <i>E. xanthopus</i>. This study highlights the understudied diversity of fungal associates of ambrosia beetles present in South Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1063-1082"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142350347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-08-13DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2374208
Muhammad Haqnawaz, Muhammad Usman, Aman Javaid, Farkhanda Ramzan, Ayesha Bibi, Abdul Rehman Niazi, Arooj Naseer, Najam Ul Sehar Afshan, Abdul Nasir Khalid
The purpose of this study is to explore the genus Candolleomyces from Pakistan. Fungal surveys were conducted in different sites of the Punjab plains during the 2016-2022 period. Several specimens belonging to the family Psathyrellaceae were collected. Traditional morphology and multigene phylogenetic analyses confirmed the novelty and placement of the species in genus Candolleomyces. The phylogenetic study of the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and partial 28S rRNA regions confirmed the distinct positions of four new taxa, Candolleomyces iqbalii, C. kotadduensis, C. pakistanicus, and C. parvipileus, in the genus. Currently, the genus consists of 43 species worldwide. However, with the inclusion of these four species, the total number has risen to 47. Detailed descriptions, phylogeny, comparisons, and illustrations are provided.
{"title":"Four new species of <i>Candolleomyces</i> (Psathyrellaceae) from the Punjab Plains, Pakistan.","authors":"Muhammad Haqnawaz, Muhammad Usman, Aman Javaid, Farkhanda Ramzan, Ayesha Bibi, Abdul Rehman Niazi, Arooj Naseer, Najam Ul Sehar Afshan, Abdul Nasir Khalid","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2374208","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2374208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study is to explore the genus <i>Candolleomyces</i> from Pakistan. Fungal surveys were conducted in different sites of the Punjab plains during the 2016-2022 period. Several specimens belonging to the family Psathyrellaceae were collected. Traditional morphology and multigene phylogenetic analyses confirmed the novelty and placement of the species in genus <i>Candolleomyces</i>. The phylogenetic study of the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and partial 28S rRNA regions confirmed the distinct positions of four new taxa, <i>Candolleomyces iqbalii, C. kotadduensis, C. pakistanicus</i>, and <i>C. parvipileus</i>, in the genus. Currently, the genus consists of 43 species worldwide. However, with the inclusion of these four species, the total number has risen to 47. Detailed descriptions, phylogeny, comparisons, and illustrations are provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1033-1045"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2364567
Jeffery K Stallman, Peter R Johnston, Edgar B Lickey, Maria Marlin, Tina Melie, C Alisha Quandt, M Catherine Aime, Danny Haelewaters
Chlorosplenium is a small genus comprising five species of inoperculate discomycetes in the order Helotiales (Leotiomycetes) often recognizable by their bright yellowish-green colors and gregarious growth on wood. In this study, we describe five new species-C. aotearoa, C. australiense, C. cusucoense, C. epimorsicum, and C. hawaiiense-based on a combination of recent fieldwork and examination of previously collected fungarium specimens. We use an integrative taxonomic approach to support the distinction of new species, incorporating morphology and DNA sequence data with biogeography. Macro- and micromorphological features of apothecia for all species and culture characteristics for four of the five new species are documented. A multilocus phylogeny based on nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, partial large subunit nuc ribosomal DNA (28S nuc rDNA), and A-B regions of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1) gene is presented. Additionally, we report Chlorosplenium chlora from Europe for the first time and expand our knowledge of the diversity and distributions of species in this genus in America, Australia, and New Zealand.
Chlorosplenium 是一个小属,由螺旋目(Leotiomycetes)中的 5 种无托叶盘菌组成,通常以其明亮的黄绿色和在木材上的群生生长而著称。在这项研究中,我们根据最近的实地考察和对以前收集的真菌标本的检查,描述了五个新种--C. aotearoa、C. australiense、C. cusucoense、C. epimorsicum 和 C. hawaiiense。我们采用综合分类方法,将形态学和 DNA 序列数据与生物地理学结合起来,以支持新物种的区分。我们记录了所有物种皮孔的宏观和微观形态特征以及五个新物种中四个物种的培养特征。基于 nuc rDNA 内部转录间隔区 ITS1-5.8S-ITS2、部分大亚基 nuc 核糖体 DNA(28S nuc rDNA)和 RNA 聚合酶 II 最大亚基(RPB1)基因的 A-B 区域,提出了多焦点系统发育。此外,我们还首次报道了欧洲的氯plenium chlora,并扩展了我们对该属物种在美洲、澳大利亚和新西兰的多样性和分布的了解。
{"title":"Recent fieldwork and fungarium studies double known diversity of <i>Chlorosplenium</i> and improve understanding of species distributions.","authors":"Jeffery K Stallman, Peter R Johnston, Edgar B Lickey, Maria Marlin, Tina Melie, C Alisha Quandt, M Catherine Aime, Danny Haelewaters","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2364567","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2364567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Chlorosplenium</i> is a small genus comprising five species of inoperculate discomycetes in the order Helotiales (Leotiomycetes) often recognizable by their bright yellowish-green colors and gregarious growth on wood. In this study, we describe five new species-<i>C. aotearoa, C. australiense, C. cusucoense, C. epimorsicum</i>, and <i>C. hawaiiense</i>-based on a combination of recent fieldwork and examination of previously collected fungarium specimens. We use an integrative taxonomic approach to support the distinction of new species, incorporating morphology and DNA sequence data with biogeography. Macro- and micromorphological features of apothecia for all species and culture characteristics for four of the five new species are documented. A multilocus phylogeny based on nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, partial large subunit nuc ribosomal DNA (28S nuc rDNA), and A-B regions of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (<i>RPB1</i>) gene is presented. Additionally, we report <i>Chlorosplenium chlora</i> from Europe for the first time and expand our knowledge of the diversity and distributions of species in this genus in America, Australia, and New Zealand.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"993-1018"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2367470
Elizaveta Lukina, Maria Gomzhina, Anna Dalinova, Vsevolod Dubovik, Ekaterina Gordina, Svetlana Bozhkova, Sergey Smirnov, Alexander Berestetskiy
Bioherbicides are expected to be a supplement to integrated pest management, assisting in the control of problematic weed species. For instance, bioherbicides (Phoma and BioPhoma) were recently registered in Canada and the USA for the control of some perennial dicotyledonous weeds in lawns. These products are based on strains of the fungus Didymella macrostoma (syn. Phoma macrostoma) that causes white tip disease (WTD) in Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). In this study, WTD was reported for the first time in the Russian Federation. Analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuc rDNA and secondary metabolite profiling confirmed the identity of Russian WTD isolates to Canadian biocontrol strains identified as D. macrostoma. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis based on sequencing of the ITS region, partial large subunit nuc rDNA region (28S), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit gene (rpb2), and partial β-tubulin gene (tub2) has differentiated the WTD isolates from C. arvense and D. macrostoma isolates from other plant hosts. Based on phylogenetic, morphological, and chemotaxonomic features, these WTD isolates were described as a new species named Didymella baileyae, sp. nov. This study also demonstrated the low pathogenicity of the ex-type D. baileyae isolate VIZR 1.53 to C. arvense seedlings and its asymptomatic development in the leaves of aboveground shoots. The organic extracts from mycelium and culture filtrate of D. baileyae, as well as macrocidin A and macrocidin Z, displayed phytotoxicity both to C. arvense leaves and seedlings. Macrocidin A was only detected in the naturally infected leaf tissues of C. arvense showing WTD symptoms. Macrocidins A and Z demonstrated low antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, exhibiting no entomotoxic properties. The data obtained within this study on the pathogenicity and metabolites of D. baileyae may be important for the rational evaluation of its prospects as a biocontrol agent.
生物除草剂有望成为虫害综合防治的补充,协助控制问题杂草物种。例如,生物除草剂(Phoma 和 BioPhoma)最近在加拿大和美国注册,用于控制草坪中的一些多年生双子叶杂草。这些产品基于导致加拿大蓟(Cirsium arvense)白尖病(WTD)的真菌Didymella macrostoma(同义 Phoma macrostoma)的菌株。在这项研究中,俄罗斯联邦首次报告了 WTD。nuc rDNA 内部转录间隔区 (ITS) 分析和次生代谢物分析证实了俄罗斯 WTD 分离物与加拿大生物防治菌株 D. macrostoma 的同一性。基于 ITS 区域、部分大亚基 nuc rDNA 区域(28S)、RNA 聚合酶 II 第二大亚基基因(rpb2)和部分 β-微管蛋白基因(tub2)测序的多焦点系统发育分析将 WTD 分离物与来自其他植物宿主的 C. arvense 和 D. macrostoma 分离物区分开来。根据系统发生学、形态学和化学分类学特征,这些 WTD 分离物被描述为一个新种,名为 Didymella baileyae, sp.该研究还证明了前型 D. baileyae 分离物 VIZR 1.53 对枳壳属幼苗的低致病性及其在地上部嫩枝叶片中的无症状发育。从 D. baileyae 菌丝体和培养滤液中提取的有机物以及大青叶苷 A 和大青叶苷 Z 对芹菜叶片和幼苗都有植物毒性。仅在出现 WTD 症状的枳实自然感染叶组织中检测到大青叶苷 A。大环花苷 A 和 Z 的抗菌活性和细胞毒性较低,没有昆虫毒性。本研究中获得的有关 D. baileyae 的致病性和代谢物的数据可能对合理评估其作为生物控制剂的前景非常重要。
{"title":"Reappraisal of <i>Didymella macrostoma</i> causing white tip disease of Canada thistle as a new species, <i>Didymella baileyae</i>, sp. nov., and bioactivity of its major metabolites.","authors":"Elizaveta Lukina, Maria Gomzhina, Anna Dalinova, Vsevolod Dubovik, Ekaterina Gordina, Svetlana Bozhkova, Sergey Smirnov, Alexander Berestetskiy","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2367470","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2367470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioherbicides are expected to be a supplement to integrated pest management, assisting in the control of problematic weed species. For instance, bioherbicides (Phoma and BioPhoma) were recently registered in Canada and the USA for the control of some perennial dicotyledonous weeds in lawns. These products are based on strains of the fungus <i>Didymella macrostoma</i> (syn. <i>Phoma macrostoma</i>) that causes white tip disease (WTD) in Canada thistle (<i>Cirsium arvense</i>). In this study, WTD was reported for the first time in the Russian Federation. Analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuc rDNA and secondary metabolite profiling confirmed the identity of Russian WTD isolates to Canadian biocontrol strains identified as <i>D. macrostoma</i>. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis based on sequencing of the ITS region, partial large subunit nuc rDNA region (28S), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit gene (<i>rpb2</i>), and partial β-tubulin gene (<i>tub2</i>) has differentiated the WTD isolates from <i>C. arvense</i> and <i>D. macrostoma</i> isolates from other plant hosts. Based on phylogenetic, morphological, and chemotaxonomic features, these WTD isolates were described as a new species named <i>Didymella baileyae</i>, sp. nov. This study also demonstrated the low pathogenicity of the ex-type <i>D. baileyae</i> isolate VIZR 1.53 to <i>C. arvense</i> seedlings and its asymptomatic development in the leaves of aboveground shoots. The organic extracts from mycelium and culture filtrate of <i>D. baileyae</i>, as well as macrocidin A and macrocidin Z, displayed phytotoxicity both to <i>C. arvense</i> leaves and seedlings. Macrocidin A was only detected in the naturally infected leaf tissues of <i>C. arvense</i> showing WTD symptoms. Macrocidins A and Z demonstrated low antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, exhibiting no entomotoxic properties. The data obtained within this study on the pathogenicity and metabolites of <i>D. baileyae</i> may be important for the rational evaluation of its prospects as a biocontrol agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"877-902"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142044060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study of myxomycete biogeography has a long-standing history and has consistently drawn scholarly interest. Nevertheless, studies focusing specifically on the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of myxomycete diversity are relatively limited, with even fewer investigating the mechanisms driving the generation and maintenance of myxomycete diversity. Therefore, this study selected two geographically distant sampling sites within northern Chinese forests to investigate myxomycete species composition, community structure, environmental drivers, and assembly patterns under geographic barriers. We established plots in the Altai Mountains (ALE) and the Greater Khingan Mountains (GKM), gathered bark and litter, and conducted 80-day moist chamber cultures of myxomycetes. Additionally, myxomycete specimens were collected in the field simultaneously to supplement the data set. This study collected 541 myxomycete specimens belonging to 73 species from 28 genera, spanning 12 families and eight orders. The ALE and the GKM had 20 identical species, accounting for 27% of the total species. Myxomycetes from both regions exhibited abundant occurrence 18 days after cultivation, with the quantity on bark substrates notably higher than on litter. Arcyria pomiformis and Comatricha elegans were the most common species in moist chamber cultures. Mantel test outcomes revealed that environmental factors had no significant impact on myxomycete community similarity between the two areas, aligning with findings from the neutral community model analysis, indicating a predominant influence of stochastic processes on myxomycete community structure in moist chamber cultures. This study represents the first application of a quantitative framework to analyze myxomycete community assembly cultivated in moist chambers.
{"title":"Community structure and assembly of myxomycetes in northern Chinese forests under geographic barriers.","authors":"Gu Rao, Wen-Long Song, Shu-Zhen Yan, Shuang-Lin Chen","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2386231","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2386231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study of myxomycete biogeography has a long-standing history and has consistently drawn scholarly interest. Nevertheless, studies focusing specifically on the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of myxomycete diversity are relatively limited, with even fewer investigating the mechanisms driving the generation and maintenance of myxomycete diversity. Therefore, this study selected two geographically distant sampling sites within northern Chinese forests to investigate myxomycete species composition, community structure, environmental drivers, and assembly patterns under geographic barriers. We established plots in the Altai Mountains (ALE) and the Greater Khingan Mountains (GKM), gathered bark and litter, and conducted 80-day moist chamber cultures of myxomycetes. Additionally, myxomycete specimens were collected in the field simultaneously to supplement the data set. This study collected 541 myxomycete specimens belonging to 73 species from 28 genera, spanning 12 families and eight orders. The ALE and the GKM had 20 identical species, accounting for 27% of the total species. Myxomycetes from both regions exhibited abundant occurrence 18 days after cultivation, with the quantity on bark substrates notably higher than on litter. <i>Arcyria pomiformis</i> and <i>Comatricha elegans</i> were the most common species in moist chamber cultures. Mantel test outcomes revealed that environmental factors had no significant impact on myxomycete community similarity between the two areas, aligning with findings from the neutral community model analysis, indicating a predominant influence of stochastic processes on myxomycete community structure in moist chamber cultures. This study represents the first application of a quantitative framework to analyze myxomycete community assembly cultivated in moist chambers.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"903-914"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142109598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2383114
Rachel A Koch Bach,Harun M Murithi,Danny Coyne,Steven J Clough
Soybean red leaf blotch (RLB), caused by the fungus Coniothyrium glycines, represents a foliar disease of soybean that is thus far restricted to Africa. The fungus is listed as a Select Agent by the Federal Select Agent Program because it could pose a severe threat to plant health were it to establish in the United States. Previous work uncovered tremendous molecular diversity at the internal transcribed spacer region, suggesting that there may be multiple species causing RLB. To determine whether multiple species cause RLB, we reconstructed the phylogeny of C. glycines and taxonomic allies using sequence data from four genes. We included 33 C. glycines isolates collected from six African countries and determined that all isolates form a well-supported, monophyletic lineage. Within this lineage there are at least six well-supported clades that largely correspond to geography, with one clade exclusively composed of isolates from Ethiopia, another exclusively composed of isolates from Uganda, and four composed of isolates from southern Africa. However, we did not detect any concordance for these clades between the four genes, indicating that all isolates included in this analysis are representative of a single species. Isolates in the Ethiopia clade are morphologically distinct from isolates in the other clades, as they produce larger sclerotia and smaller pycnida and more sclerotia in planta. Additionally, ancestral range estimations suggest that the C. glycines lineage emerged in southern Africa. These results show that there is significantly more genetic and morphological diversity than was initially suspected with this high-consequence fungal plant pathogen.
大豆红叶斑病(RLB)是由真菌甘宁球孢霉菌(Coniothyrium glycines)引起的一种大豆叶面病害,迄今仅限于非洲。这种真菌被联邦选择制剂计划列为选择制剂,因为如果它在美国立足,会对植物健康造成严重威胁。以前的工作发现了内部转录间隔区的巨大分子多样性,这表明可能有多个物种会引起 RLB。为了确定是否有多个物种会引起 RLB,我们利用四个基因的序列数据重建了 C. glycines 和分类学盟友的系统发育。我们将从六个非洲国家收集到的 33 个 C. glycines 分离物纳入其中,并确定所有分离物都形成了一个支持良好的单系。在这一系中,至少有六个支持良好的支系,它们在很大程度上与地理位置相对应,其中一个支系完全由来自埃塞俄比亚的分离物组成,另一个支系完全由来自乌干达的分离物组成,还有四个支系由来自非洲南部的分离物组成。然而,我们没有发现这些支系的四个基因之间有任何一致性,这表明本分析中包含的所有分离物都是单一物种的代表。埃塞俄比亚支系中的分离株在形态上与其他支系中的分离株不同,因为它们在植物体内产生较大的菌核、较小的菌核和更多的菌核。此外,祖先分布区的估计表明,C. glycines 系出现在非洲南部。这些结果表明,这种高致病性真菌植物病原体的遗传和形态多样性远远超过了最初的猜测。
{"title":"Phylogenetic analyses show the Select Agent Coniothyrium glycines represents a single species that has significant morphological and genetic variation.","authors":"Rachel A Koch Bach,Harun M Murithi,Danny Coyne,Steven J Clough","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2383114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2024.2383114","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean red leaf blotch (RLB), caused by the fungus Coniothyrium glycines, represents a foliar disease of soybean that is thus far restricted to Africa. The fungus is listed as a Select Agent by the Federal Select Agent Program because it could pose a severe threat to plant health were it to establish in the United States. Previous work uncovered tremendous molecular diversity at the internal transcribed spacer region, suggesting that there may be multiple species causing RLB. To determine whether multiple species cause RLB, we reconstructed the phylogeny of C. glycines and taxonomic allies using sequence data from four genes. We included 33 C. glycines isolates collected from six African countries and determined that all isolates form a well-supported, monophyletic lineage. Within this lineage there are at least six well-supported clades that largely correspond to geography, with one clade exclusively composed of isolates from Ethiopia, another exclusively composed of isolates from Uganda, and four composed of isolates from southern Africa. However, we did not detect any concordance for these clades between the four genes, indicating that all isolates included in this analysis are representative of a single species. Isolates in the Ethiopia clade are morphologically distinct from isolates in the other clades, as they produce larger sclerotia and smaller pycnida and more sclerotia in planta. Additionally, ancestral range estimations suggest that the C. glycines lineage emerged in southern Africa. These results show that there is significantly more genetic and morphological diversity than was initially suspected with this high-consequence fungal plant pathogen.","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}