Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-06-24DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2355276
Christian A Quintero-Corrales, Melania Vega, Amaranta Ramírez-Terrazo, Bernardo Águila, Roberto Garibay-Orijel
Amanita is one of the most salient mushroom genera due to its cultural, economic, and medical importance. Recently, many new Amanita species have been described worldwide, increasing the genus richness. However, several clades have cryptic diversity, and many species complexes have not yet been resolved. This is the case of the rubescent species in the Validae section, which have been widely cited under the name Amanita rubescens s.l. We used a four-locus matrix (nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer [ITS] and 28S regions and genes for RNA polymerase II subunit 2 [rpb2], translation elongation factor 1-α [tef1-α], and β-tubulin [tub2]) to solve the phylogenetic relationships within the Amanita section Validae. To analyze the diversity and distribution patterns of species, we used an extensive ITS sequence sampling including environmental DNA databases. The phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the Validae section is divided into three monophyletic and highly supported major clades: Mappae, Validae, and Rubescentes. At least 11 species-level clades within the Rubescentes clade were highly supported: A. cruentilemurum nom. prov. A. brunneolocularis, A. rubescens s.s. (European clade), A. rubescens s.s. (Asiatic clade), A. orsonii s.s. A. 'orsonii,' A. aureosubucula nom. prov., A. novinupta, A. flavorubens, and two undescribed North American species. We proved that A. rubescens s.s. has two segregated populations (European and Asiatic) and it is not naturally distributed in America. Furthermore, we found that America has more cryptic species within the Rubescentes clade than Eurasia.
{"title":"Downfall of an empire: Unmasking the hidden diversity and distribution of the <i>Amanita rubescens</i> species complex.","authors":"Christian A Quintero-Corrales, Melania Vega, Amaranta Ramírez-Terrazo, Bernardo Águila, Roberto Garibay-Orijel","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2355276","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2355276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Amanita</i> is one of the most salient mushroom genera due to its cultural, economic, and medical importance. Recently, many new <i>Amanita</i> species have been described worldwide, increasing the genus richness. However, several clades have cryptic diversity, and many species complexes have not yet been resolved. This is the case of the rubescent species in the <i>Validae</i> section, which have been widely cited under the name <i>Amanita rubescens</i> s.l. We used a four-locus matrix (nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer [ITS] and 28S regions and genes for RNA polymerase II subunit 2 [<i>rpb2</i>], translation elongation factor 1-α [<i>tef1-α</i>], and β-tubulin [<i>tub2</i>]) to solve the phylogenetic relationships within the <i>Amanita</i> section <i>Validae</i>. To analyze the diversity and distribution patterns of species, we used an extensive ITS sequence sampling including environmental DNA databases. The phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the <i>Validae</i> section is divided into three monophyletic and highly supported major clades: <i>Mappae, Validae</i>, and <i>Rubescentes</i>. At least 11 species-level clades within the <i>Rubescentes</i> clade were highly supported: <i>A. cruentilemurum</i> nom. prov. <i>A. brunneolocularis, A. rubescens</i> s.s. (European clade), <i>A. rubescens</i> s.s. (Asiatic clade), <i>A. orsonii</i> s.s. <i>A</i>. '<i>orsonii</i>,' <i>A. aureosubucula</i> nom. prov., <i>A. novinupta, A. flavorubens</i>, and two undescribed North American species. We proved that <i>A. rubescens</i> s.s. has two segregated populations (European and Asiatic) and it is not naturally distributed in America. Furthermore, we found that America has more cryptic species within the <i>Rubescentes</i> clade than Eurasia.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141446541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2355337
Carlos A Salvador-Montoya, Genivaldo Alves-Silva, Thiago Kossmann, Felipe Bittencourt, Daniela Werner, Kelmer Martins-Cunha, Orlando F Popoff, Aristóteles Góes-Neto, Mario Rajchenberg, Elisandro R Drechsler-Santos
A new and threatened polypore species, Bondarzewia loguerciae, is described from the cloud forests of southern Brazil. It is characterized by single-pileate basidiomata that grow on dead branches and along living stems of standing trunks and present a context with dark lines and resinous tubes. When growing in axenic culture, this species also develops chlamydospores. We provide an illustrated morphological description and molecular analysis. Our specimens from Brazil form a monophyletic group among other species of the Southern Hemisphere. The conservation status of B. loguerciae is assessed and published as "Critically Endangered" based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria. Additionally, a key to the species is provided.
{"title":"A new and threatened species of <i>Bondarzewia</i> from the Brazilian cloud forests.","authors":"Carlos A Salvador-Montoya, Genivaldo Alves-Silva, Thiago Kossmann, Felipe Bittencourt, Daniela Werner, Kelmer Martins-Cunha, Orlando F Popoff, Aristóteles Góes-Neto, Mario Rajchenberg, Elisandro R Drechsler-Santos","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2355337","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2355337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new and threatened polypore species, <i>Bondarzewia loguerciae</i>, is described from the cloud forests of southern Brazil. It is characterized by single-pileate basidiomata that grow on dead branches and along living stems of standing trunks and present a context with dark lines and resinous tubes. When growing in axenic culture, this species also develops chlamydospores. We provide an illustrated morphological description and molecular analysis. Our specimens from Brazil form a monophyletic group among other species of the Southern Hemisphere. The conservation status of <i>B. loguerciae</i> is assessed and published as \"Critically Endangered\" based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria. Additionally, a key to the species is provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2363211
James K Douch, Luke J Vaughan, Jerry A Cooper, Gareth D Holmes, Richard Robinson, Franck Stefani, Alexander Idnurm, Tom W May
Stipitate Thelephorales are basidiomycetous, mostly hydnoid, ectomycorrhizal fungi. Some species have declined considerably, and some are threat-listed as vulnerable or endangered. These ecological concerns require a well-resolved taxonomy to understand diversity in this group of fungi and facilitate conservation. However, phylogenetic studies have mostly neglected Southern Hemisphere representatives. This study examines the fleshy species of stipitate Thelephorales from native forests in Australia and New Zealand, using morphological analyses and phylogenetic analyses of nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS barcode) and D1-D2 domains at the 5' end of nuc 28S rDNA (28S) sequences amplified from DNA isolated from fungarium collections and environmental DNA (eDNA) sequences from the Australian Microbiome initiative. Five new species, Sarcodon austrofibulatus, Hydnellum gatesiae, H. nothofagacearum, H. pseudoioeides, and H. variisporum, are described, Sarcodon carbonarius is transferred to Neosarcodon, and a key is provided for the six named species in the region. Boletopsis and Neosarcodon are reported from Australia for the first time based on detections from eDNA in soil samples taken from native forests. The Australasian species of Hydnellum occupy a highly derived position with the phylogeny of the genus, the members of which are otherwise all from the Northern Hemisphere, suggestive of a long-distance dispersal origin for the Australasian species.
{"title":"Taxonomic revision of fleshy species of <i>Hydnellum, Neosarcodon</i>, and <i>Sarcodon</i> (Thelephorales) from Australasia.","authors":"James K Douch, Luke J Vaughan, Jerry A Cooper, Gareth D Holmes, Richard Robinson, Franck Stefani, Alexander Idnurm, Tom W May","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2363211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2024.2363211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stipitate Thelephorales are basidiomycetous, mostly hydnoid, ectomycorrhizal fungi. Some species have declined considerably, and some are threat-listed as vulnerable or endangered. These ecological concerns require a well-resolved taxonomy to understand diversity in this group of fungi and facilitate conservation. However, phylogenetic studies have mostly neglected Southern Hemisphere representatives. This study examines the fleshy species of stipitate Thelephorales from native forests in Australia and New Zealand, using morphological analyses and phylogenetic analyses of nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS barcode) and D1-D2 domains at the 5' end of nuc 28S rDNA (28S) sequences amplified from DNA isolated from fungarium collections and environmental DNA (eDNA) sequences from the Australian Microbiome initiative. Five new species, <i>Sarcodon austrofibulatus, Hydnellum gatesiae, H. nothofagacearum, H. pseudoioeides</i>, and <i>H. variisporum</i>, are described, <i>Sarcodon carbonarius</i> is transferred to <i>Neosarcodon</i>, and a key is provided for the six named species in the region. <i>Boletopsis</i> and <i>Neosarcodon</i> are reported from Australia for the first time based on detections from eDNA in soil samples taken from native forests. The Australasian species of <i>Hydnellum</i> occupy a highly derived position with the phylogeny of the genus, the members of which are otherwise all from the Northern Hemisphere, suggestive of a long-distance dispersal origin for the Australasian species.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142109599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study of myxomycete biogeography has a long-standing history and has consistently drawn scholarly interest. Nevertheless, studies focusing specifically on the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of myxomycete diversity are relatively limited, with even fewer investigating the mechanisms driving the generation and maintenance of myxomycete diversity. Therefore, this study selected two geographically distant sampling sites within northern Chinese forests to investigate myxomycete species composition, community structure, environmental drivers, and assembly patterns under geographic barriers. We established plots in the Altai Mountains (ALE) and the Greater Khingan Mountains (GKM), gathered bark and litter, and conducted 80-day moist chamber cultures of myxomycetes. Additionally, myxomycete specimens were collected in the field simultaneously to supplement the data set. This study collected 541 myxomycete specimens belonging to 73 species from 28 genera, spanning 12 families and eight orders. The ALE and the GKM had 20 identical species, accounting for 27% of the total species. Myxomycetes from both regions exhibited abundant occurrence 18 days after cultivation, with the quantity on bark substrates notably higher than on litter. Arcyria pomiformis and Comatricha elegans were the most common species in moist chamber cultures. Mantel test outcomes revealed that environmental factors had no significant impact on myxomycete community similarity between the two areas, aligning with findings from the neutral community model analysis, indicating a predominant influence of stochastic processes on myxomycete community structure in moist chamber cultures. This study represents the first application of a quantitative framework to analyze myxomycete community assembly cultivated in moist chambers.
{"title":"Community structure and assembly of myxomycetes in northern Chinese forests under geographic barriers.","authors":"Gu Rao, Wen-Long Song, Shu-Zhen Yan, Shuang-Lin Chen","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2386231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2024.2386231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study of myxomycete biogeography has a long-standing history and has consistently drawn scholarly interest. Nevertheless, studies focusing specifically on the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of myxomycete diversity are relatively limited, with even fewer investigating the mechanisms driving the generation and maintenance of myxomycete diversity. Therefore, this study selected two geographically distant sampling sites within northern Chinese forests to investigate myxomycete species composition, community structure, environmental drivers, and assembly patterns under geographic barriers. We established plots in the Altai Mountains (ALE) and the Greater Khingan Mountains (GKM), gathered bark and litter, and conducted 80-day moist chamber cultures of myxomycetes. Additionally, myxomycete specimens were collected in the field simultaneously to supplement the data set. This study collected 541 myxomycete specimens belonging to 73 species from 28 genera, spanning 12 families and eight orders. The ALE and the GKM had 20 identical species, accounting for 27% of the total species. Myxomycetes from both regions exhibited abundant occurrence 18 days after cultivation, with the quantity on bark substrates notably higher than on litter. <i>Arcyria pomiformis</i> and <i>Comatricha elegans</i> were the most common species in moist chamber cultures. Mantel test outcomes revealed that environmental factors had no significant impact on myxomycete community similarity between the two areas, aligning with findings from the neutral community model analysis, indicating a predominant influence of stochastic processes on myxomycete community structure in moist chamber cultures. This study represents the first application of a quantitative framework to analyze myxomycete community assembly cultivated in moist chambers.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142109598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2367470
Elizaveta Lukina, Maria Gomzhina, Anna Dalinova, Vsevolod Dubovik, Ekaterina Gordina, Svetlana Bozhkova, Sergey Smirnov, Alexander Berestetskiy
Bioherbicides are expected to be a supplement to integrated pest management, assisting in the control of problematic weed species. For instance, bioherbicides (Phoma and BioPhoma) were recently registered in Canada and the USA for the control of some perennial dicotyledonous weeds in lawns. These products are based on strains of the fungus Didymella macrostoma (syn. Phoma macrostoma) that causes white tip disease (WTD) in Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). In this study, WTD was reported for the first time in the Russian Federation. Analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuc rDNA and secondary metabolite profiling confirmed the identity of Russian WTD isolates to Canadian biocontrol strains identified as D. macrostoma. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis based on sequencing of the ITS region, partial large subunit nuc rDNA region (28S), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit gene (rpb2), and partial β-tubulin gene (tub2) has differentiated the WTD isolates from C. arvense and D. macrostoma isolates from other plant hosts. Based on phylogenetic, morphological, and chemotaxonomic features, these WTD isolates were described as a new species named Didymella baileyae, sp. nov. This study also demonstrated the low pathogenicity of the ex-type D. baileyae isolate VIZR 1.53 to C. arvense seedlings and its asymptomatic development in the leaves of aboveground shoots. The organic extracts from mycelium and culture filtrate of D. baileyae, as well as macrocidin A and macrocidin Z, displayed phytotoxicity both to C. arvense leaves and seedlings. Macrocidin A was only detected in the naturally infected leaf tissues of C. arvense showing WTD symptoms. Macrocidins A and Z demonstrated low antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, exhibiting no entomotoxic properties. The data obtained within this study on the pathogenicity and metabolites of D. baileyae may be important for the rational evaluation of its prospects as a biocontrol agent.
生物除草剂有望成为虫害综合防治的补充,协助控制问题杂草物种。例如,生物除草剂(Phoma 和 BioPhoma)最近在加拿大和美国注册,用于控制草坪中的一些多年生双子叶杂草。这些产品基于导致加拿大蓟(Cirsium arvense)白尖病(WTD)的真菌Didymella macrostoma(同义 Phoma macrostoma)的菌株。在这项研究中,俄罗斯联邦首次报告了 WTD。nuc rDNA 内部转录间隔区 (ITS) 分析和次生代谢物分析证实了俄罗斯 WTD 分离物与加拿大生物防治菌株 D. macrostoma 的同一性。基于 ITS 区域、部分大亚基 nuc rDNA 区域(28S)、RNA 聚合酶 II 第二大亚基基因(rpb2)和部分 β-微管蛋白基因(tub2)测序的多焦点系统发育分析将 WTD 分离物与来自其他植物宿主的 C. arvense 和 D. macrostoma 分离物区分开来。根据系统发生学、形态学和化学分类学特征,这些 WTD 分离物被描述为一个新种,名为 Didymella baileyae, sp.该研究还证明了前型 D. baileyae 分离物 VIZR 1.53 对枳壳属幼苗的低致病性及其在地上部嫩枝叶片中的无症状发育。从 D. baileyae 菌丝体和培养滤液中提取的有机物以及大青叶苷 A 和大青叶苷 Z 对芹菜叶片和幼苗都有植物毒性。仅在出现 WTD 症状的枳实自然感染叶组织中检测到大青叶苷 A。大环花苷 A 和 Z 的抗菌活性和细胞毒性较低,没有昆虫毒性。本研究中获得的有关 D. baileyae 的致病性和代谢物的数据可能对合理评估其作为生物控制剂的前景非常重要。
{"title":"Reappraisal of <i>Didymella macrostoma</i> causing white tip disease of Canada thistle as a new species, <i>Didymella baileyae</i>, sp. nov., and bioactivity of its major metabolites.","authors":"Elizaveta Lukina, Maria Gomzhina, Anna Dalinova, Vsevolod Dubovik, Ekaterina Gordina, Svetlana Bozhkova, Sergey Smirnov, Alexander Berestetskiy","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2367470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2024.2367470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioherbicides are expected to be a supplement to integrated pest management, assisting in the control of problematic weed species. For instance, bioherbicides (Phoma and BioPhoma) were recently registered in Canada and the USA for the control of some perennial dicotyledonous weeds in lawns. These products are based on strains of the fungus <i>Didymella macrostoma</i> (syn. <i>Phoma macrostoma</i>) that causes white tip disease (WTD) in Canada thistle (<i>Cirsium arvense</i>). In this study, WTD was reported for the first time in the Russian Federation. Analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuc rDNA and secondary metabolite profiling confirmed the identity of Russian WTD isolates to Canadian biocontrol strains identified as <i>D. macrostoma</i>. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis based on sequencing of the ITS region, partial large subunit nuc rDNA region (28S), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit gene (<i>rpb2</i>), and partial β-tubulin gene (<i>tub2</i>) has differentiated the WTD isolates from <i>C. arvense</i> and <i>D. macrostoma</i> isolates from other plant hosts. Based on phylogenetic, morphological, and chemotaxonomic features, these WTD isolates were described as a new species named <i>Didymella baileyae</i>, sp. nov. This study also demonstrated the low pathogenicity of the ex-type <i>D. baileyae</i> isolate VIZR 1.53 to <i>C. arvense</i> seedlings and its asymptomatic development in the leaves of aboveground shoots. The organic extracts from mycelium and culture filtrate of <i>D. baileyae</i>, as well as macrocidin A and macrocidin Z, displayed phytotoxicity both to <i>C. arvense</i> leaves and seedlings. Macrocidin A was only detected in the naturally infected leaf tissues of <i>C. arvense</i> showing WTD symptoms. Macrocidins A and Z demonstrated low antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, exhibiting no entomotoxic properties. The data obtained within this study on the pathogenicity and metabolites of <i>D. baileyae</i> may be important for the rational evaluation of its prospects as a biocontrol agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142044060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-19DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2370198
Donald H Pfister, Katherine F LoBuglio, Michael Bradshaw, Renée Lebeuf, Andrus Voitk
Several members of the genus Peziza sensu stricto occur at the edge of melting snow. These nivicolous species have been widely reported in the Northern Hemisphere and are also known from Australia and New Zealand. We have used 16 specimens from North America and Australia to study morphology and to perform DNA sequencing. In sequence analyses, we have used ITS1 and ITS2 (internal transcribed spacers), 28S, RPB2 (RNA polymerase II gene), and two genes new to these studies, GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and HSP90 (heat shock protein 90). Although not all regions are available for all samples, we have recognized the following species: Peziza heimii, P. nivalis, and P. nivis. Phylogenetic analyses were done using ITS alone; combined ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, 28S, and RPB2; ITS, and 28S, RPB2, GAPDH, and HSP90. Even with this augmented set of genes and despite their widespread occurrence in North America, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand, we have not definitively distinguished species within this group. To assess these results, pairwise homoplasy index (PHI) analysis was employed. This showed evidence of recombination among the samples of P. nivalis and further supports the view of P. nivalis as a monophyletic cosmopolitan species. As part of this study, we also examined the variation in ITS copies in P. echinospora, for which a genome is available.
严格意义上的 Peziza 属的几个成员出现在融雪边缘。这些裸子植物在北半球被广泛报道,在澳大利亚和新西兰也有发现。我们利用来自北美和澳大利亚的 16 个标本进行了形态学研究和 DNA 测序。在序列分析中,我们使用了 ITS1 和 ITS2(内部转录间隔)、28S、RPB2(RNA 聚合酶 II 基因)以及两个新基因,即 GAPDH(甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶)和 HSP90(热休克蛋白 90)。虽然并非所有样本的所有区域都能找到,但我们已经确认了以下物种:Peziza heimii、P. nivalis 和 P. nivis。系统发育分析仅使用 ITS;联合使用 ITS1-5.8S-ITS2、28S 和 RPB2;ITS 以及 28S、RPB2、GAPDH 和 HSP90。即使使用了这组扩增基因,尽管它们广泛分布于北美、欧洲、澳大利亚和新西兰,我们仍未能明确区分出该类群中的物种。为了评估这些结果,我们采用了成对同源指数(PHI)分析。结果表明,在尼瓦尔河豚的样本中存在重组的证据,这进一步支持了尼瓦尔河豚作为单系世界性物种的观点。作为本研究的一部分,我们还研究了 P. echinospora 中 ITS 拷贝的变异情况,该物种的基因组已经获得。
{"title":"<i>Peziza nivalis</i> and relatives-spring fungi of wide distribution.","authors":"Donald H Pfister, Katherine F LoBuglio, Michael Bradshaw, Renée Lebeuf, Andrus Voitk","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2370198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2024.2370198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several members of the genus <i>Peziza</i> sensu stricto occur at the edge of melting snow. These nivicolous species have been widely reported in the Northern Hemisphere and are also known from Australia and New Zealand. We have used 16 specimens from North America and Australia to study morphology and to perform DNA sequencing. In sequence analyses, we have used ITS1 and ITS2 (internal transcribed spacers), 28S, <i>RPB2</i> (RNA polymerase II gene), and two genes new to these studies, <i>GAPDH</i> (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and <i>HSP90</i> (heat shock protein 90). Although not all regions are available for all samples, we have recognized the following species: <i>Peziza heimii, P. nivalis</i>, and <i>P. nivis</i>. Phylogenetic analyses were done using ITS alone; combined ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, 28S, and <i>RPB2</i>; ITS, and 28S, <i>RPB2, GAPDH</i>, and <i>HSP90</i>. Even with this augmented set of genes and despite their widespread occurrence in North America, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand, we have not definitively distinguished species within this group. To assess these results, pairwise homoplasy index (PHI) analysis was employed. This showed evidence of recombination among the samples of <i>P. nivalis</i> and further supports the view of <i>P. nivalis</i> as a monophyletic cosmopolitan species. As part of this study, we also examined the variation in ITS copies in <i>P. echinospora</i>, for which a genome is available.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2364567
Jeffery K Stallman, Peter R Johnston, Edgar B Lickey, Maria Marlin, Tina Melie, C Alisha Quandt, M Catherine Aime, Danny Haelewaters
Chlorosplenium is a small genus comprising five species of inoperculate discomycetes in the order Helotiales (Leotiomycetes) often recognizable by their bright yellowish-green colors and gregarious growth on wood. In this study, we describe five new species-C. aotearoa, C. australiense, C. cusucoense, C. epimorsicum, and C. hawaiiense-based on a combination of recent fieldwork and examination of previously collected fungarium specimens. We use an integrative taxonomic approach to support the distinction of new species, incorporating morphology and DNA sequence data with biogeography. Macro- and micromorphological features of apothecia for all species and culture characteristics for four of the five new species are documented. A multilocus phylogeny based on nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, partial large subunit nuc ribosomal DNA (28S nuc rDNA), and A-B regions of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1) gene is presented. Additionally, we report Chlorosplenium chlora from Europe for the first time and expand our knowledge of the diversity and distributions of species in this genus in America, Australia, and New Zealand.
Chlorosplenium 是一个小属,由螺旋目(Leotiomycetes)中的 5 种无托叶盘菌组成,通常以其明亮的黄绿色和在木材上的群生生长而著称。在这项研究中,我们根据最近的实地考察和对以前收集的真菌标本的检查,描述了五个新种--C. aotearoa、C. australiense、C. cusucoense、C. epimorsicum 和 C. hawaiiense。我们采用综合分类方法,将形态学和 DNA 序列数据与生物地理学结合起来,以支持新物种的区分。我们记录了所有物种皮孔的宏观和微观形态特征以及五个新物种中四个物种的培养特征。基于 nuc rDNA 内部转录间隔区 ITS1-5.8S-ITS2、部分大亚基 nuc 核糖体 DNA(28S nuc rDNA)和 RNA 聚合酶 II 最大亚基(RPB1)基因的 A-B 区域,提出了多焦点系统发育。此外,我们还首次报道了欧洲的氯plenium chlora,并扩展了我们对该属物种在美洲、澳大利亚和新西兰的多样性和分布的了解。
{"title":"Recent fieldwork and fungarium studies double known diversity of <i>Chlorosplenium</i> and improve understanding of species distributions.","authors":"Jeffery K Stallman, Peter R Johnston, Edgar B Lickey, Maria Marlin, Tina Melie, C Alisha Quandt, M Catherine Aime, Danny Haelewaters","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2364567","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2364567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Chlorosplenium</i> is a small genus comprising five species of inoperculate discomycetes in the order Helotiales (Leotiomycetes) often recognizable by their bright yellowish-green colors and gregarious growth on wood. In this study, we describe five new species-<i>C. aotearoa, C. australiense, C. cusucoense, C. epimorsicum</i>, and <i>C. hawaiiense</i>-based on a combination of recent fieldwork and examination of previously collected fungarium specimens. We use an integrative taxonomic approach to support the distinction of new species, incorporating morphology and DNA sequence data with biogeography. Macro- and micromorphological features of apothecia for all species and culture characteristics for four of the five new species are documented. A multilocus phylogeny based on nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, partial large subunit nuc ribosomal DNA (28S nuc rDNA), and A-B regions of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (<i>RPB1</i>) gene is presented. Additionally, we report <i>Chlorosplenium chlora</i> from Europe for the first time and expand our knowledge of the diversity and distributions of species in this genus in America, Australia, and New Zealand.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-13DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2374208
Muhammad Haqnawaz, Muhammad Usman, Aman Javaid, Farkhanda Ramzan, Ayesha Bibi, Abdul Rehman Niazi, Arooj Naseer, Najam Ul Sehar Afshan, Abdul Nasir Khalid
The purpose of this study is to explore the genus Candolleomyces from Pakistan. Fungal surveys were conducted in different sites of the Punjab plains during the 2016-2022 period. Several specimens belonging to the family Psathyrellaceae were collected. Traditional morphology and multigene phylogenetic analyses confirmed the novelty and placement of the species in genus Candolleomyces. The phylogenetic study of the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and partial 28S rRNA regions confirmed the distinct positions of four new taxa, Candolleomyces iqbalii, C. kotadduensis, C. pakistanicus, and C. parvipileus, in the genus. Currently, the genus consists of 43 species worldwide. However, with the inclusion of these four species, the total number has risen to 47. Detailed descriptions, phylogeny, comparisons, and illustrations are provided.
{"title":"Four new species of <i>Candolleomyces</i> (Psathyrellaceae) from the Punjab Plains, Pakistan.","authors":"Muhammad Haqnawaz, Muhammad Usman, Aman Javaid, Farkhanda Ramzan, Ayesha Bibi, Abdul Rehman Niazi, Arooj Naseer, Najam Ul Sehar Afshan, Abdul Nasir Khalid","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2374208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2024.2374208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study is to explore the genus <i>Candolleomyces</i> from Pakistan. Fungal surveys were conducted in different sites of the Punjab plains during the 2016-2022 period. Several specimens belonging to the family Psathyrellaceae were collected. Traditional morphology and multigene phylogenetic analyses confirmed the novelty and placement of the species in genus <i>Candolleomyces</i>. The phylogenetic study of the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and partial 28S rRNA regions confirmed the distinct positions of four new taxa, <i>Candolleomyces iqbalii, C. kotadduensis, C. pakistanicus</i>, and <i>C. parvipileus</i>, in the genus. Currently, the genus consists of 43 species worldwide. However, with the inclusion of these four species, the total number has risen to 47. Detailed descriptions, phylogeny, comparisons, and illustrations are provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2367399
Noah Siegel, Terry W. Henkel, Shannon Adams, Jerry Cooper, M. Catherine Aime
Species of the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) family Cortinariaceae (Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) have long been considered impoverished or absent from lowland tropical rainforests. Several de...
{"title":"New Cortinariaceae species associated with Dicymbe, Aldina, and Pakaraimaea in Guyana","authors":"Noah Siegel, Terry W. Henkel, Shannon Adams, Jerry Cooper, M. Catherine Aime","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2367399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2024.2367399","url":null,"abstract":"Species of the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) family Cortinariaceae (Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) have long been considered impoverished or absent from lowland tropical rainforests. Several de...","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141587827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-05-29DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2341442
Joe Ammirati, Scott A Redhead
{"title":"In memoriam: Lorelei Louise Norvell, September 6, 1943-August 4, 2023.","authors":"Joe Ammirati, Scott A Redhead","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2341442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2024.2341442","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141469556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}