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2023 12th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO)最新文献

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Support for Just-in-Time Compilation of WebAssembly for Embedded Systems 嵌入式系统WebAssembly的实时编译支持
Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/MECO58584.2023.10155088
Konrad Moron, Stefan Wallentowitz
WebAssembly gains increasing interest outside the browser, such as in servers or desktops. It also becomes a viable candidate as a managed virtual machine for embedded systems, supported by multiple runtimes. However, the performance of interpreters is limited. Outside embedded systems, just-in-time compilation is used to significantly improve the performance of bytecode execution. Existing WebAssembly runtimes with just-in-time compilation support are either unsuitable for the use on low-resource hardware such as micro-controllers, or they employ a basic compilation strategy that doesn't utilize optimization opportunities and increases the compilation overhead. In this work, we present a micro-controller compatible WebAssembly runtime that supports the general framework for enabling advanced, feedback guided just-in-time compilation and evaluate the memory overhead it incurs on the runtime. Our measurements show that such systems are viable on a variety of low-resource hardware and previous research suggests that a production-ready system is likely to considerably improve the speed of WebAssembly on embedded system-on-chip.
WebAssembly在浏览器之外(例如服务器或桌面)获得了越来越多的兴趣。它还可以作为嵌入式系统的托管虚拟机,由多个运行时支持。然而,口译员的表现是有限的。在嵌入式系统之外,实时编译用于显著提高字节码执行的性能。具有即时编译支持的现有WebAssembly运行时要么不适合在微控制器等低资源硬件上使用,要么采用不利用优化机会并增加编译开销的基本编译策略。在这项工作中,我们提出了一个微控制器兼容的WebAssembly运行时,它支持通用框架,以实现高级的、反馈引导的实时编译,并评估它在运行时产生的内存开销。我们的测量表明,这样的系统在各种低资源硬件上是可行的,以前的研究表明,生产就绪的系统可能会大大提高嵌入式片上系统的WebAssembly速度。
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引用次数: 1
Time Series Approach for Visual Servoing Using Transformers 基于变压器的视觉伺服时间序列方法
Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/MECO58584.2023.10154996
Tushar Singh, Jayant Prakash, Tushar Bharti, A. Mandpura
We introduce Visual servoing using a novel deep-learning time-series architecture to control an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with a mounted camera to track a target consisting of a finite set of stationary points lying in a plane. Many visual servoing approaches use computer vision along with estimation algorithms, sensors, and actuators' feedback to solve tasks like, tracking, obstacle avoidance, and localization. Nowadays, deep neural networks are gaining popularity in such tasks owing to their accuracy, adaptability, and flexibility. We propose a solution that employs a time-series architecture to learn temporal data from sequential values to output the control cues to the flight controller. Because of its low computational expense, the solution is deployable on less powerful onboard computers present on the UAV, ensuring real-time tracking of the target. The solution is tested both in a simulation environment and in real life, outperforming the current state-of-the-art in terms of time efficiency and accuracy.
我们使用一种新颖的深度学习时间序列架构引入视觉伺服来控制安装有摄像机的无人驾驶飞行器(UAV)跟踪由平面上的有限固定点组成的目标。许多视觉伺服方法使用计算机视觉以及估计算法、传感器和执行器的反馈来解决跟踪、避障和定位等任务。如今,深度神经网络因其准确性、适应性和灵活性在这类任务中越来越受欢迎。我们提出了一种解决方案,该方案采用时间序列架构从顺序值中学习时间数据,并将控制提示输出到飞行控制器。由于其计算费用低,该解决方案可部署在无人机上功能较弱的机载计算机上,确保对目标的实时跟踪。该解决方案在模拟环境和现实生活中都进行了测试,在时间效率和准确性方面优于当前最先进的技术。
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引用次数: 0
An Audiobooks Web Application for K-12 Albanian-speaking Blind and Visually Impaired students 为 K-12 级阿尔巴尼亚语盲人和视障学生设计的有声读物网络应用程序
Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/MECO58584.2023.10154927
Fortesa Gashi, Agon Memeti
In the global education organizations, a greater focus must be given to Blind and Visually Impaired (BVI) students who live in poorer countries. Specifically in countries whose languages, such as Albanian language, have minimal influence in world organizations. Thus, Albanian BVI students in the countries of Albania, Kosovo and North Macedonia (AKNM) have difficulties accessing teaching materials in schools. In order to contribute in the education of this category of students, we have developed a web application for which we aim to facilitate the acquisition of new knowledge in and outside the classroom. Moreover, it will help to identify new learning and teaching methods, as well as manage the course materials and users of the web application.
在全球教育组织中,必须更加关注生活在贫困国家的盲人和视障学生。特别是在阿尔巴尼亚语等语言在世界组织中影响力极小的国家。因此,阿尔巴尼亚、科索沃和北马其顿(AKNM)的盲人和视障学生很难在学校获得教学材料。为了促进这类学生的教育,我们开发了一个网络应用程序,旨在促进他们在课堂内外获取新知识。此外,它还有助于确定新的学习和教学方法,以及管理课程材料和网络应用程序的用户。
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引用次数: 0
Processing Data from Catalytic Sensors for Recognition of Hydrogen in Mixtures of Combustible Gases 从可燃气体混合物中识别氢的催化传感器处理数据
Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/MECO58584.2023.10155082
T. Osipova, A. Baranov, I. Ivanov
In this article the possibility of determining the hydrogen concentration in a multicomponent gas mixture using the principal component analysis is investigated. Source data were obtained by a system, consisting of 8 sensors, each of which measured its own response values. It was found that, the values of the principal components form linear dependences of concentration, which are proportional to each other. At the same time, a different hydrogen concentration, pure or in a multicomponent mixture, is uniquely determined. The results showed that the principal component analysis allows both visually distinguishing sensor responses at different concentrations, and using additional mathematical operations to obtain the concentration value.
本文研究了用主成分分析法测定多组分气体混合物中氢浓度的可能性。源数据由一个系统获得,该系统由8个传感器组成,每个传感器测量自己的响应值。结果表明,各主成分的值与浓度呈线性关系,且呈正比关系。同时,不同的氢浓度,无论是纯氢还是多组分混合物,都是唯一确定的。结果表明,主成分分析既可以直观地区分不同浓度下的传感器响应,又可以使用附加的数学运算来获得浓度值。
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引用次数: 0
Empowering Future Teachers: Unveiling Their Attitudes and Knowledge about AI in Slovenian K-12 Education 赋予未来教师权力:揭示他们在斯洛文尼亚K-12教育中对人工智能的态度和知识
Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/MECO58584.2023.10155010
A. Lipovec, Andrej Flogie
This study examines AI integration in K-12 education from the perspective of future teachers (N = 266). The results indicate that participants' attitudes towards AI are less favourable compared to the general population. The findings provide valuable insights into the need for incorporating AI-related topics in teacher training in novel ways.
本研究从未来教师(N = 266)的角度考察了K-12教育中的AI整合。结果表明,与一般人群相比,参与者对人工智能的态度不那么有利。这些发现为将人工智能相关主题以新颖的方式纳入教师培训的必要性提供了有价值的见解。
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引用次数: 1
Spectral Vector-valued Image Restoration using a Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equation-based Filter 基于双曲偏微分方程滤波器的光谱矢量值图像恢复
Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/MECO58584.2023.10154944
T. Barbu
Aneffective denoising and restoration framework that removes successfully theadditive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) from the spectral images is introduced inthis paper. Since the multispectral images can be described as vector-valuedfunctions, the proposed technique uses a novel partial differential equation(PDE)-based model created for this type of image functions. So, we consider anonlinear vector-valued hyperbolic PDE filtering model for the restorationtask. It is equivalent to a system of second-order hyperbolic equationsevolving simultaneously and sharing some coupling terms that model theinter-channel correlation. A finite difference-based fast-convergingdiscretization algorithm which solves numerically the PDE-based model ispresented next. It has been applied successfully in the MSI restorationexperiments that are also described here.
本文介绍了一种有效的光谱图像加性高斯白噪声去噪恢复框架。由于多光谱图像可以被描述为矢量值函数,因此该技术使用了针对这类图像函数创建的基于偏微分方程(PDE)的新型模型。因此,我们考虑非线性向量值双曲PDE滤波模型用于恢复任务。它等价于一个二阶双曲方程系统,该系统同时自旋并共享一些耦合项来模拟信道间的相关性。提出了一种基于有限差分的快速收敛离散化算法,对基于偏微分方程的模型进行了数值求解。该方法已成功地应用于MSI恢复实验中。
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引用次数: 0
Prediction of Overhydration in the Process of Pediatric Hemodialysis using Artificial Neural Network 应用人工神经网络预测小儿血液透析过程中水过多
Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/MECO58584.2023.10154915
S. Djordjević, M. Kostić, Danijela Milošević, M. Cvetković, Katarina Mitrovic, V. Mladenović
This paper aims to predict overhydration in the hemodialysis process using Artificial Neural Network. Dehydration has negative impacts on both physical and mental health, as is well-known. Overhydration's possible negative effects are, however, less known. A balanced state of the fluid in the body represents the essence of hemodialysis therapy. The prediction of volume-related adverse events has shown potential when using machine learning techniques. Several factors could influence overhydration, such as weight, blood pressure, lean tissue index, fat tissue index, body mass index, total body water, extracellular water, adipose tissue mass, body cell mass, and bioimpedance. The objective is to use an artificial neural network to estimate overhydration more accurately than current methods, which rely on measurable factors and the physician's judgment. The training and testing processes are explained, as well as the development of the artificial network model. The model achieved satisfactory results.
本文旨在利用人工神经网络预测血液透析过程中的过度水化。众所周知,脱水对身心健康都有负面影响。然而,过度饮水可能带来的负面影响却鲜为人知。体内液体的平衡状态代表了血液透析治疗的本质。当使用机器学习技术时,预测与容量相关的不良事件已经显示出潜力。影响水化过度的因素包括体重、血压、瘦肉组织指数、脂肪组织指数、体重指数、全身水分、细胞外水分、脂肪组织质量、身体细胞质量和生物阻抗。其目标是使用人工神经网络来比目前依赖可测量因素和医生判断的方法更准确地估计过度水化。说明了训练和测试过程,以及人工网络模型的开发。该模型取得了令人满意的效果。
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引用次数: 0
Towards Melanoma Detection Using Radar and Image Data 利用雷达和图像数据检测黑色素瘤
Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/MECO58584.2023.10155072
Fatima Mammadova, Daniel Onwuchekwa, R. Obermaisser
Melanoma is a skin cancer type and has the most dangerous consequences. Melanoma spreads to other organs very fast if not detected on time. Several non-invasive techniques exist which are applied in melanoma detection. An example is dermoscopy, which is an optical method and has the advantage of being less costly and easy to use. However, professional expertise is required to detect cancer in the early stage. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been utilized in skin cancer detection by developing algorithms that can analyse images of skin lesions and identify the characteristics associated with various types of skin cancer, including melanoma. Nevertheless, information about the depth of the melanoma is not provided by the popular technique of using 2D images in training neural networks. The missing depth information is crucial to detecting melanoma and reaching decisions to execute biopsy when necessary. Radar sensors have shown the potential to provide this depth information due to its penetrating capability, allowing them to be applied in the detection of melanoma. The application of AI techniques using 2D images to detect melanoma, and the use of radar, has been investigated independently in recent literature. However, the combined technique still remains to be investigated. We propose integrating radar and image data to improve melanoma classification in this work. Based on the unavailability of radar data, the proposed technique is applied to the skin with nevi and birthmarks, clear skin, and body parts like inner palms, lower arms, and upper arms. The data from both sources are fused by applying an early fusion technique and later utilised for AI classification. Despite the small sample size, the fusion positively impacted classification compared to using only image data. The AI classification was performed on the first two cases, where the overall accuracy increased by 36% for both. Radar signals were also tested on wet and dry skin and have shown distinguishing results.
黑色素瘤是一种皮肤癌,后果最为危险。如果不及时发现,黑色素瘤会迅速扩散到其他器官。目前已有几种非侵入性技术应用于黑色素瘤检测。一个例子是皮肤镜检查,这是一种光学方法,具有成本较低和易于使用的优点。然而,在早期发现癌症需要专业知识。人工智能(AI)通过开发可以分析皮肤病变图像并识别包括黑色素瘤在内的各种类型皮肤癌相关特征的算法,已被用于皮肤癌检测。然而,在训练神经网络中使用2D图像的流行技术并不能提供有关黑色素瘤深度的信息。缺失的深度信息对于检测黑色素瘤和决定在必要时进行活检至关重要。由于雷达传感器的穿透能力,它已经显示出提供这种深度信息的潜力,使它们能够应用于黑色素瘤的检测。在最近的文献中,使用2D图像检测黑色素瘤的人工智能技术的应用以及雷达的使用已被独立研究。然而,联合技术仍有待进一步研究。在本工作中,我们提出将雷达和图像数据相结合来改进黑色素瘤的分类。基于雷达数据的不可获得性,所提出的技术应用于有痣和胎记的皮肤,透明皮肤以及身体部位,如手掌内侧,下臂和上臂。来自两个来源的数据通过应用早期融合技术进行融合,然后用于人工智能分类。尽管样本量小,但与仅使用图像数据相比,融合对分类有积极影响。在前两种情况下进行人工智能分类,两者的总体准确率都提高了36%。雷达信号也在湿皮肤和干皮肤上进行了测试,并显示出不同的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Sustainable Cloud-Edge Infrastructure as a Service
Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/MECO58584.2023.10155023
A. Bocci, Stefano Forti, Antonio Brogi
Utility computing paradigms (e.g, Fog, Edge, Mist computing) allow application operators to deploy applications onto heterogeneous resources along the infrastructure continuum spanning from virtually unbounded datacenters to resource-constrained Edge and IoT devices. Application operators must suitably select infrastructure resources where to deploy at best the services that compose their applications, and then manage the application life-cycle across the infrastructure. We propose a new view of the Cloud-Edge continuum, where infrastructure providers lease tailored portions of the infrastructure, determined by taking into account the hardware and QoS requirements as well as the sustainability goals expressed by application operators. Most importantly, infrastructure providers offer the selected Cloud-Edge infrastructure portion as a single virtual infrastructure node that customers can exploit to deploy and manage their applications in a seamless way.
效用计算范式(例如雾计算、边缘计算、雾计算)允许应用程序运营商沿着基础设施连续体将应用程序部署到异构资源上,从几乎无限的数据中心到资源受限的边缘和物联网设备。应用程序操作人员必须适当地选择基础设施资源,以便最好地部署组成其应用程序的服务,然后跨基础设施管理应用程序的生命周期。我们提出了一种云边缘连续体的新观点,其中基础设施提供商通过考虑硬件和QoS要求以及应用程序运营商表达的可持续性目标来确定基础设施的定制部分。最重要的是,基础设施提供商将选择的Cloud-Edge基础设施部分作为单个虚拟基础设施节点提供,客户可以利用该节点以无缝的方式部署和管理其应用程序。
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引用次数: 0
The Rise of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare 生成式人工智能在医疗保健领域的兴起
Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/MECO58584.2023.10155107
M. Kuzlu, Zhenxin Xiao, S. Sarp, Ferhat Ozgur Catak, Necip Gurler, Ozgur Guler
Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) is transforming various fields, including finance, education, marketing, and healthcare. Especially in healthcare, GAI has the potential to revolutionize various aspects, such as medical imaging, drug development, patient care, and treatment planning. Key stakeholders who stand to benefit from these advancements include hospitals, clinics, pharmaceutical companies, medical device manufacturers, and research institutions. However, the implementation of GAI in healthcare presents several challenges, such as ensuring data privacy and security, addressing ethical considerations, maintaining quality and accuracy, adhering to regulatory compliance, and integrating with existing systems. This paper examines the current state of GAI in healthcare, discusses its potential benefits and challenges, and highlights future directions that must be addressed to fully harness the power of GAI in improving patient outcomes and healthcare systems.
生成式人工智能(GAI)正在改变包括金融、教育、营销和医疗保健在内的各个领域。特别是在医疗保健领域,GAI具有彻底改变各个方面的潜力,例如医学成像、药物开发、患者护理和治疗计划。从这些进步中受益的主要利益相关者包括医院、诊所、制药公司、医疗设备制造商和研究机构。然而,在医疗保健中实施GAI会带来一些挑战,例如确保数据隐私和安全、解决道德问题、保持质量和准确性、遵守法规遵从性以及与现有系统集成。本文研究了GAI在医疗保健中的现状,讨论了其潜在的好处和挑战,并强调了必须解决的未来方向,以充分利用GAI在改善患者结果和医疗保健系统中的力量。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2023 12th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO)
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