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2023 12th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO)最新文献

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Albanian Authorship Attribution Model 阿尔巴尼亚作者归因模型
Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/MECO58584.2023.10155046
Arta Misini, A. Kadriu, Ercan Canhasi
Authorship attribution (AA) is a subfield of NLP that analyzes the author's prior works to determine who wrote a text based on its features. Each natural language has its characteristics, just like every author's unique writing style. This study aims to conduct an in-depth comparison of several AA machine-learning techniques. The specially created Albanian corpus (A3C) and the English dataset (Reuters C50) have been used in the experiments. Using n-grams, we perform character-level and word-level analyses of the text to represent the author's writing style. We use five different classification algorithms to train the AA models. The TF-IDF feature vector is used as input to the models. Various experiments were conducted on the corpora. The most accurate results were obtained using word n-grams after stopword removal. The SVM algorithm performed best on the A3C dataset (Albanian). We get a 95% F1 score using SVM. On the C50 dataset (English), the SVM classifier achieved an 83% F1 score. Experiments have provided evidence of the models' robust performance on the AA corpora.
作者归属(AA)是NLP的一个子领域,它分析作者之前的作品,根据其特征确定谁写了一个文本。每种自然语言都有自己的特点,就像每个作家都有自己独特的写作风格一样。本研究旨在对几种AA机器学习技术进行深入比较。专门创建的阿尔巴尼亚语语料库(A3C)和英语数据集(路透社C50)已在实验中使用。使用n-grams,我们对文本进行字符级和单词级分析,以表示作者的写作风格。我们使用五种不同的分类算法来训练AA模型。TF-IDF特征向量被用作模型的输入。对语料库进行了各种实验。去除停止词后,使用单词n-grams获得最准确的结果。SVM算法在A3C数据集(阿尔巴尼亚语)上表现最好。我们使用SVM得到95%的F1分数。在C50数据集(英语)上,SVM分类器获得了83%的F1分数。实验证明了该模型在AA语料库上的鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 1
Software Compilation Using FPGA Hardware: Register Allocation 基于FPGA硬件的软件编译:寄存器分配
Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/MECO58584.2023.10155001
Yiming Tan, Aditya Diwakar, Ja Jagielo, V. Mooney
Malicious attackers are constantly attacking software compilers and attempting to exploit various security vulnerabili-ties. By executing carefully chosen machine instructions already present in the program, an attacker can perform harmful actions arbitrarily. In this paper, we propose hardware/software codesign techniques to perform software compilation steps in hardware, specifically the register allocation step on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Our experiment incorporates two key features: 1) Advanced RISC Machine (ARM) instruction set architecture (ISA)-based register allocation algorithms to calculate variable liveness as well as map virtual registers to physical registers and 2) the feasibility of executing the register allocation algorithms on a Cyclone V FPGA. Our experimental results show the timing efficiency and resource efficiency - while diminishing security risks - when performing register allocation of the gcd program on the FPGA.
恶意攻击者不断攻击软件编译器并试图利用各种安全漏洞。通过执行程序中已经存在的精心选择的机器指令,攻击者可以任意地执行有害的操作。在本文中,我们提出了硬件/软件协同设计技术来执行硬件中的软件编译步骤,特别是在现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)上的寄存器分配步骤。我们的实验包含两个关键特征:1)基于高级RISC机器(ARM)指令集架构(ISA)的寄存器分配算法,用于计算可变活度以及将虚拟寄存器映射到物理寄存器;2)在Cyclone V FPGA上执行寄存器分配算法的可行性。我们的实验结果表明,在FPGA上执行gcd程序的寄存器分配时,时序效率和资源效率-同时降低了安全风险。
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引用次数: 0
Software Implementation of a Simple All-Digital Frequency Synthesizer 一种简易全数字频率合成器的软件实现
Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/MECO58584.2023.10154909
M. Stork
A frequency synthesizer is an electronic circuit that generates a desired frequency from a single reference frequency or several reference frequencies. In this paper, a new simple frequency synthesizer is described, which will make it possible to generate a signal at the output whose frequency is the sum of the frequencies of the input signals divided by a constant. The results of the synthesizer simulation are presented in this paper. The synthesizer was not only simulated, but actually implemented by a microcontroller, and the measurement results are also presented. The main advantage is that the synthesizer can be created by programming in any microcontroller.
频率合成器是一种从一个或几个参考频率产生所需频率的电子电路。本文描述了一种新的简单频率合成器,它可以在输出端产生一个频率等于输入信号频率之和除以一个常数的信号。文中给出了该合成器的仿真结果。本文不仅对该合成器进行了仿真,而且在单片机上进行了实际实现,并给出了测量结果。主要优点是合成器可以通过在任何微控制器中编程来创建。
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引用次数: 0
Performance Evaluation of A Cloud-based IoT Platform for Smart Cities: OpenCyberCity 基于云的智慧城市物联网平台性能评估:OpenCyberCity
Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/MECO58584.2023.10154905
Maliha Tabassum, Nathan Puryear, M. Kuzlu, V. Jovanovic, S. Abdelwahed
With the increase of Internet of Things (IoT)-based platforms in different fields such as smart grids, cities, manufacturing, transportation, and healthcare, data collection and processing techniques have become more important, as their effectiveness impacts the performance of the overall system. In this paper, the IoT-based smart city platform, called OpenCyberCity, is evaluated in terms of scalability, reliability, and latency with millions of virtual IoT devices in a simulated environment. In order to improve the efficiency of these three parameters, the architecture suggests taking advantage of the MQTT protocol, Kafka data streaming, and Cassandra database, which are combined with a high-level program that is responsible for maintaining collaboration between them. According to the results, the proposed architecture can support at least one million IoT devices with 100% reliability for smart cities under the simulation environment.
随着基于物联网(IoT)的平台在智能电网、城市、制造、交通和医疗等不同领域的增加,数据收集和处理技术变得越来越重要,因为它们的有效性影响到整个系统的性能。在本文中,基于物联网的智慧城市平台OpenCyberCity在模拟环境中与数百万虚拟物联网设备一起评估了可扩展性,可靠性和延迟。为了提高这三个参数的效率,架构建议利用MQTT协议,Kafka数据流和Cassandra数据库,它们与负责维护它们之间协作的高级程序相结合。结果表明,在仿真环境下,所提出的架构可支持至少100万个物联网设备,且可靠性为100%,适用于智慧城市。
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引用次数: 1
Artificial Intelligence in Education - Ethical framework 教育中的人工智能-伦理框架
Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/MECO58584.2023.10155012
S. Gartner, M. Krasna
In the last few months we see the increased use of AI system in all aspects of live, including the education. Changes are seen in the IT business, ordinary business and introduce a plethora of problems into education. The AI can be absolute personal assistance if used correctly or a hell for learners and teachers if misused. On the other way it is so easy to misuse it and too time consuming to prevent these activities. The previous thought: Who will teach the teachers, is more and more important as the AI literacy of all involved in education must also incorporate the ethical consideration of application of AI in the education. We are trying to present the ethical codes that include AI and four basic building blocks of the ethical attitude of AI in education (autonomy, privacy, trust, and responsibility). Understanding the concepts of AI and their ethical considerations is a condition for acting in accordance with them and for introduction them in education.
在过去的几个月里,我们看到人工智能系统在生活的各个方面的使用越来越多,包括教育。在IT业务和普通业务中可以看到变化,并为教育引入了大量的问题。如果使用得当,人工智能可以成为绝对的个人帮助,如果使用不当,则会成为学习者和教师的地狱。另一方面,它很容易被滥用,而且防止这些活动太费时了。之前的想法:谁来教老师,越来越重要,因为所有参与教育的人的人工智能素养也必须纳入人工智能在教育中应用的伦理考虑。我们试图提出包括人工智能和人工智能在教育中的道德态度的四个基本组成部分(自主性、隐私、信任和责任)的道德准则。理解人工智能的概念及其伦理考虑是按照这些概念行事并将其引入教育的一个条件。
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引用次数: 2
Investigation of Characteristics of Sparse Antenna Systems 稀疏天线系统特性研究
Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/MECO58584.2023.10154937
V. Volkov
The problem of forming a radar radiation pattern with a sparse linear antenna array is considered. Sparse structures based on the combination of homogeneous co-prime linear arrays are investigated. The method of forming virtual structures is explained. Using concrete examples, the shape and properties of the side lobes of the amplitude radiation pattern are investigated. The amplitude radiation patterns of two sparse arrays with the same number of physical elements and a conventional antenna with a phased array (FAR) are compared.
研究了用稀疏线性天线阵形成雷达辐射方向图的问题。研究了基于齐次共素线性阵列组合的稀疏结构。说明了虚拟结构的形成方法。通过具体实例,研究了幅值辐射图旁瓣的形状和性质。比较了具有相同物理单元数的两种稀疏阵列和传统相控阵天线的幅值辐射方向图。
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引用次数: 0
A Prediction Model of Smart Agriculture Based on IoT Sensor Data: A Systematic Literature Review 基于物联网传感器数据的智慧农业预测模型:系统文献综述
Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/MECO58584.2023.10154965
Jakup Fondaj, Mentor Hamiti, Samedin Krrabaj, Jaumin Ajdari, Xhemal Zenuni
In recent years we have faced drastic climate change which have affected various areas of life but especially those of agronomy. The most critical factor for grape quality and quantity is climate changes. Sensing devices are helping different sectors, especially in agriculture, the data are transferred throw Internet protocols and the field is known as Internet of Things. The fact of collecting IoT sensor Data from SmartAgriculture and SmartCity sensors is known as “smart agriculture” which consists of activities such as monitoring of cultivation, identification of diseases, define the period of time for fertilization of agriculture products, etc. This paper presents a systematic literature review to identify main researches in this field and further developments. According to prior observation of published research conducted since 2018, we are focusing our research on studies that have been published in areas that are relevant to smart agriculture; data mining for smart agriculture; predictive algorithms for smart agriculture; predictive model of smart agriculture on IoT sensor data and smart agriculture and IoT technologies. The number of papers in this field is huge for this reason is very important to conduct a review to see current development and find key components for future works.
近年来,我们面临着剧烈的气候变化,它影响了生活的各个领域,尤其是农业领域。影响葡萄质量和数量的最关键因素是气候变化。传感设备正在帮助不同的部门,特别是在农业领域,数据通过互联网协议传输,该领域被称为物联网。从智慧农业和智慧城市传感器收集物联网传感器数据的事实被称为“智慧农业”,其中包括监测种植,识别疾病,确定农产品施肥周期等活动。本文对该领域的主要研究和未来发展进行了系统的文献综述。根据之前对2018年以来发表的研究成果的观察,我们的研究重点是在智慧农业相关领域发表的研究;智能农业数据挖掘;智能农业预测算法;基于物联网传感器数据的智慧农业预测模型以及智慧农业和物联网技术。该领域的论文数量巨大,因此进行综述以了解当前的发展情况并找到未来工作的关键组成部分非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
Gases and mixtures explosiveness estimation using a model trained by limited sets of gases 用有限气体集训练的模型估计气体和混合物的爆炸性
Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/MECO58584.2023.10155019
D. Spirjakin, A. Baranov, I. Ivanov, H. Karami, G. Gharehpetian
Prevention of emergencies associated with flammable gases explosions remains an urgent task. A ranking place in solving of this task plays environment monitoring for combustible gases presence. The environmental explosiveness level can also be assessed overall, without measuring separate gases concentrations. The assessment of environmental explosiveness level can be performed using catalytic gas sensors based on combustion heat measurements of flammable gases combustion in the sensors. Modern data processing methods application, such as machine learning, allows to increase the measurements accuracy. However, machine learning needs a Iot of data. To collect that data enough measurements for different gases should be performed. At the same time, the question remains of whether it is possible to apply the machine learning models to gases, which have not been used while training. In this work, the results of the research are presented, where the possibility of successful models training using limited gases set and the ability of such models to assess the explosiveness level of other gases and mixtures were examined.
预防与可燃气体爆炸有关的紧急情况仍然是一项紧迫的任务。可燃气体存在的环境监测是解决这一问题的重要手段。环境爆炸性水平也可以进行整体评估,而无需测量单独的气体浓度。基于可燃气体在传感器内燃烧的燃烧热测量,可以使用催化气体传感器进行环境爆炸性等级的评估。现代数据处理方法的应用,如机器学习,可以提高测量精度。然而,机器学习需要大量的数据。为了收集这些数据,应该对不同的气体进行足够的测量。与此同时,问题仍然是是否有可能将机器学习模型应用于气体,这些模型在训练中尚未使用过。在这项工作中,提出了研究结果,其中使用有限气体集成功训练模型的可能性以及这些模型评估其他气体和混合物的爆炸性水平的能力进行了检查。
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引用次数: 0
Leveraging Adaptive Redundancy in Multi-Core Processors for Realizing Adaptive Fault Tolerance in Mixed-Criticality Systems 利用多核处理器的自适应冗余实现混合临界系统的自适应容错
Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/MECO58584.2023.10154986
F. Kempf, J. Becker
Nowadays, embedded systems are ubiquitous and their functionality is becoming increasingly intertwined with various critical demands. Integrating functionality with different criticality demands has led to the emergence of mixed-criticality systems (MCS), which require adaptive fault tolerance to ensure the correctness of critical tasks. In this paper, we propose a hardware-based adaptive redundancy approach for multi-core systems, which aims to enhance the reliability and safety of MCS. Our approach involves the reconfiguration of two physical processor cores into a single logical core that executes the same program on demand. The logical core provides adaptive redundancy to detect and mask faults. However, this reconfiguration can potentially result in deadlocks. To address this issue, we identify the scenarios where deadlocks may occur and provide a countermeasure to prevent their emergence. By adopting this runtime adaptive and hardware-based adaptive redundancy method, we can improve the reliability and safety of mixed-criticality systems. At the same time we utilize the processor architecture to abstract the reconfiguration process.
如今,嵌入式系统无处不在,其功能越来越多地与各种关键需求交织在一起。将功能与不同的临界需求相集成导致了混合临界系统(MCS)的出现,这需要自适应容错来确保关键任务的正确性。为了提高多核系统的可靠性和安全性,提出了一种基于硬件的多核系统自适应冗余方法。我们的方法是将两个物理处理器核心重新配置为一个逻辑核心,按需执行相同的程序。逻辑核心提供自适应冗余,检测和屏蔽故障。但是,这种重新配置可能会导致死锁。为了解决这个问题,我们确定了可能发生死锁的场景,并提供了防止死锁出现的对策。采用这种运行时自适应和基于硬件的自适应冗余方法,可以提高混合临界系统的可靠性和安全性。同时利用处理器体系结构对重构过程进行抽象。
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引用次数: 0
Inductive Limit Switch Based on Chaotic Circuit with Double-Scroll Attractor 基于双涡旋吸引子混沌电路的感应限位开关
Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/MECO58584.2023.10154984
O. Druzhina, Oleg Isakov, A. Karimov, Georgii Y. Kolev, Timur I. Karimov
Sensors based on chaotic oscillators comprise a promising direction in the field of nonlinear dynamics. Hypothetically, such sensors have improved sensitivity, selectivity, and rate. In this paper, we research and develop an inductive sensor based on the Sprott Case B chaotic oscillator, which features a double-scroll attractor. We propose a circuit implementation with inductive coil, and compare the results of the computer simulation with experimental study. We conclude that the proposed circuit is suitable for use as a limit switch to determine the position of a steel plate, as its dynamics is switching from chaotic to periodic regime at a certain adjustable distance between a coil and the plate. The performance obtained in the study is comparable with sensors of conventional design, but has the potential for improvement.
基于混沌振子的传感器是非线性动力学领域中一个很有前途的方向。理论上,这种传感器可以提高灵敏度、选择性和速率。本文研究并开发了一种基于Sprott Case B混沌振荡器的电感传感器,该传感器具有双涡旋吸引子。我们提出了一种电感线圈的电路实现,并将计算机仿真结果与实验研究结果进行了比较。我们得出的结论是,所提出的电路适合用作限位开关来确定钢板的位置,因为它的动力学在线圈和钢板之间的一定可调距离上从混沌状态切换到周期性状态。在研究中获得的性能与传统设计的传感器相当,但有改进的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2023 12th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO)
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