Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829833
A. Esfandyari, S. Kreitlein, Elias Schmidt, J. Franke
This paper presents methods for the assessment and evaluation of two energy efficiency strategies for the soldering process in the field of electronics production. The first method evaluates the electrical energy consumption performance through the energy value modeling in the production process level. In the second method, also other energy resources rather the electrical energy consumption is considered. This method assesses the quality of resource conversion in the soldering process in the product level. In this paper, firstly, the system of the least energy demand as crossbench reference value is explained. The basic idea of this calculation is the comparison and evaluation of electrical energy efficiency based on the ratio of the theoretically required energy consumption to the measured electrical energy consumption. In the second method, the model quantifies the resource consumption and qualifies this consumption using the exergy analysis method. Exergy efficiency is the fraction of the work potential of the heat that is converted to work, and it illustrates the quality of consumed resources during the soldering process. Transparency and comparison of these two methods derives the measures to analyze and improve the major energy saving potentials in the soldering oven technology.
{"title":"Thermodynamic and theoretical-based modeling and assessment of an energy-efficient performance measurement system in the soldering process","authors":"A. Esfandyari, S. Kreitlein, Elias Schmidt, J. Franke","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829833","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents methods for the assessment and evaluation of two energy efficiency strategies for the soldering process in the field of electronics production. The first method evaluates the electrical energy consumption performance through the energy value modeling in the production process level. In the second method, also other energy resources rather the electrical energy consumption is considered. This method assesses the quality of resource conversion in the soldering process in the product level. In this paper, firstly, the system of the least energy demand as crossbench reference value is explained. The basic idea of this calculation is the comparison and evaluation of electrical energy efficiency based on the ratio of the theoretically required energy consumption to the measured electrical energy consumption. In the second method, the model quantifies the resource consumption and qualifies this consumption using the exergy analysis method. Exergy efficiency is the fraction of the work potential of the heat that is converted to work, and it illustrates the quality of consumed resources during the soldering process. Transparency and comparison of these two methods derives the measures to analyze and improve the major energy saving potentials in the soldering oven technology.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121900592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829873
J. Bai, Weihua Gu, Zhuang Xuning, Zhao Jin, Shih Kaimin, Chenglong Zhang, Jingwei Wang, M. En
Waste printed circuit boards(PCB) is a typical electronic waste, which contains a variety of metals and non-metal, if they are disposed improperly, not only will cause loss of resources, but also harmful to environment and human health. Microbial technology is applied to the extraction of metals from electronic waste because of its environmental friendly features. Bioleaching metals from gantry pylons, PCB and the sludge from PCB production line were reviewed in this article. The current use of microbial technology in electronic waste among the optimal experimental conditions, strain selection and domestication were also explored, finally, the application foreground and development of microbial technology is prospected on this basis.
{"title":"The application examples of bioleaching technology in the field of electronic waste","authors":"J. Bai, Weihua Gu, Zhuang Xuning, Zhao Jin, Shih Kaimin, Chenglong Zhang, Jingwei Wang, M. En","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829873","url":null,"abstract":"Waste printed circuit boards(PCB) is a typical electronic waste, which contains a variety of metals and non-metal, if they are disposed improperly, not only will cause loss of resources, but also harmful to environment and human health. Microbial technology is applied to the extraction of metals from electronic waste because of its environmental friendly features. Bioleaching metals from gantry pylons, PCB and the sludge from PCB production line were reviewed in this article. The current use of microbial technology in electronic waste among the optimal experimental conditions, strain selection and domestication were also explored, finally, the application foreground and development of microbial technology is prospected on this basis.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"232 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122453902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.23919/EGG.2016.8396923
Hampus André, Maria Ljunggren Soderman, A. Tillman
Scarce metals are increasingly used in modern technology, but significant quantities are lost for further functional use in recycling. This study investigates if other measures for a more resource-efficient and "circular economy" (CE) can increase efficiency of scarce metal use. Three CE alternatives, inspired by real business solutions for providing lighting, notebooks and smartphones are compared with respective conventional alternatives, using material flow analysis. Scarce metal efficiency gains are primarily realized by extending the use phase of products or components. However, the extension must be sufficient in order not to be cancelled out by any additional scarce metals that enable the extension. Furthermore, losses of scarce metals occur whenever components are replaced. Therefore, CE alternatives may not necessarily improve efficiency of scarce metals use. Advances to functionally recycle scarce metals and designs that enable components and products to be kept in functional use for longer are needed.
{"title":"Circular economy as a means to efficient use of scarce metals?","authors":"Hampus André, Maria Ljunggren Soderman, A. Tillman","doi":"10.23919/EGG.2016.8396923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/EGG.2016.8396923","url":null,"abstract":"Scarce metals are increasingly used in modern technology, but significant quantities are lost for further functional use in recycling. This study investigates if other measures for a more resource-efficient and \"circular economy\" (CE) can increase efficiency of scarce metal use. Three CE alternatives, inspired by real business solutions for providing lighting, notebooks and smartphones are compared with respective conventional alternatives, using material flow analysis. Scarce metal efficiency gains are primarily realized by extending the use phase of products or components. However, the extension must be sufficient in order not to be cancelled out by any additional scarce metals that enable the extension. Furthermore, losses of scarce metals occur whenever components are replaced. Therefore, CE alternatives may not necessarily improve efficiency of scarce metals use. Advances to functionally recycle scarce metals and designs that enable components and products to be kept in functional use for longer are needed.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121334491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829863
Jahau Lewis Chen, W. Chen, Andy Y. F. Kuo
A customized assessment software tool was built by Innolux Corporation to help the designer assessing carbon footprint for each supply chain company. This Chinese language based carbon footprint automated calculation software - PCF system was developed in 2013. The purpose of this system is to assist automation in using the method in carbon footprint calculation of products for SMEs in Taiwan. In this study, Ecoinvent is chosen as the source of carbon footprint data for developing this tool. The energy related database in Ecoinvent is replaced by local updated information. The supply chain company can perform inventory task for their own products by using this tool separately. Innolux Corporation can calculate the carbon footprint of final product automatically by this software tool.
{"title":"Developing carbon footprint calculation software for display industry in Taiwan","authors":"Jahau Lewis Chen, W. Chen, Andy Y. F. Kuo","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829863","url":null,"abstract":"A customized assessment software tool was built by Innolux Corporation to help the designer assessing carbon footprint for each supply chain company. This Chinese language based carbon footprint automated calculation software - PCF system was developed in 2013. The purpose of this system is to assist automation in using the method in carbon footprint calculation of products for SMEs in Taiwan. In this study, Ecoinvent is chosen as the source of carbon footprint data for developing this tool. The energy related database in Ecoinvent is replaced by local updated information. The supply chain company can perform inventory task for their own products by using this tool separately. Innolux Corporation can calculate the carbon footprint of final product automatically by this software tool.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132137691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829826
J. Huisman, Hina Habib, M. G. Brechu, Sarah Downes, Lucia Herreras, Amund N. Løvik, Patrick A. Wäger, D. Cassard, François Tertre, P. Mählitz, S. Rotter, P. Chancerel, M. L. Söderman
ProSUM - Latin for “I am useful” - aims to provide better information on raw materials from secondary origins. It focuses in particular on the content of Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) from Batteries (BATT), Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), End of Life Vehicles (ELV) and Mining Wastes (MIN) available for processing in Europe. However, data for these products are usually very scattered amongst a variety of institutions, including government agencies, universities, NGOs and industry. This deficit is addressed in this H2020 funded project. ProSUM will establish a European network of expertise on secondary sources of CRMs, vital to today's high-tech society. It coordinates efforts to collect secondary CRM data and collate maps of stocks and flows for materials and products in the “urban mine”. The project will construct a comprehensive inventory identifying and mapping CRM stocks and flows across the European Union (EU). Via a user-friendly, open-access Urban Mine Knowledge Data Platform (EU-UMKDP), it will combine and relate them to primary raw materials data from the EU-FP7 Minerals4EU project and communicate the results online through the future European Geological Data Infrastructure (EGDI) at large. It will also provide update protocols, standards and recommendations to maintain and expand the EU-UMKDP in the future.
{"title":"ProSUM: Prospecting secondary Raw Materials in the Urban Mine and Mining Wastes","authors":"J. Huisman, Hina Habib, M. G. Brechu, Sarah Downes, Lucia Herreras, Amund N. Løvik, Patrick A. Wäger, D. Cassard, François Tertre, P. Mählitz, S. Rotter, P. Chancerel, M. L. Söderman","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829826","url":null,"abstract":"ProSUM - Latin for “I am useful” - aims to provide better information on raw materials from secondary origins. It focuses in particular on the content of Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) from Batteries (BATT), Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), End of Life Vehicles (ELV) and Mining Wastes (MIN) available for processing in Europe. However, data for these products are usually very scattered amongst a variety of institutions, including government agencies, universities, NGOs and industry. This deficit is addressed in this H2020 funded project. ProSUM will establish a European network of expertise on secondary sources of CRMs, vital to today's high-tech society. It coordinates efforts to collect secondary CRM data and collate maps of stocks and flows for materials and products in the “urban mine”. The project will construct a comprehensive inventory identifying and mapping CRM stocks and flows across the European Union (EU). Via a user-friendly, open-access Urban Mine Knowledge Data Platform (EU-UMKDP), it will combine and relate them to primary raw materials data from the EU-FP7 Minerals4EU project and communicate the results online through the future European Geological Data Infrastructure (EGDI) at large. It will also provide update protocols, standards and recommendations to maintain and expand the EU-UMKDP in the future.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129743822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829839
E. Restrepo, R. Widmer, M. Schluep
As a result of the replacement of cathode ray tube screens (CRTs) by flat screens, the world is confronted with stranded end-of-life CRTs. CRTs contain 1 to 1.5 kg of lead per screen; mainly found in the funnel and neck glass for radiation protection purposes. The lead content makes this CRT glass unsuitable in most glass applications. Thus, there is an urgent need for alternative recycling options that are able to use up the CRT leaded glass while safely retaining the lead out of contact with humans and the environment. We provide a critical review of products in which CRT leaded glass can replace raw materials. Additionally, we review current disposal options. The main focus of the review is the fate of lead in the new products and repositories. The results complement available evaluations of the technical feasibility and direct environmental impacts of the options.
{"title":"A critical review of recycling and disposal options for leaded glass from cathode ray tubes (CRTs)","authors":"E. Restrepo, R. Widmer, M. Schluep","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829839","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of the replacement of cathode ray tube screens (CRTs) by flat screens, the world is confronted with stranded end-of-life CRTs. CRTs contain 1 to 1.5 kg of lead per screen; mainly found in the funnel and neck glass for radiation protection purposes. The lead content makes this CRT glass unsuitable in most glass applications. Thus, there is an urgent need for alternative recycling options that are able to use up the CRT leaded glass while safely retaining the lead out of contact with humans and the environment. We provide a critical review of products in which CRT leaded glass can replace raw materials. Additionally, we review current disposal options. The main focus of the review is the fate of lead in the new products and repositories. The results complement available evaluations of the technical feasibility and direct environmental impacts of the options.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132393496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829877
Jessika Luth Richter
This paper presents a general overview of WEEE and value considerations (both real and potential) as well as the specific results of a research project analysing the performance of EPR systems for lighting products, with particular focus on closing material loops. The research is based on a literature review, case studies, and interviews with key stakeholders. The case of recovery of rare earths elements (REE) from fluorescent lamps is an illustrative example of how EPR systems can create opportunities to recover valuable materials from WEEE. The rapid development of light emitting diode (LED) technology also raises questions of how to anticipate and manage value under uncertainties. The paper reflects on these findings within the general context of valuable waste and the specific implications for EPR policy in a transition to a circular economy.
{"title":"The complexity of value: Considerations for WEEE, experience from lighting products, and implications for policy","authors":"Jessika Luth Richter","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829877","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a general overview of WEEE and value considerations (both real and potential) as well as the specific results of a research project analysing the performance of EPR systems for lighting products, with particular focus on closing material loops. The research is based on a literature review, case studies, and interviews with key stakeholders. The case of recovery of rare earths elements (REE) from fluorescent lamps is an illustrative example of how EPR systems can create opportunities to recover valuable materials from WEEE. The rapid development of light emitting diode (LED) technology also raises questions of how to anticipate and manage value under uncertainties. The paper reflects on these findings within the general context of valuable waste and the specific implications for EPR policy in a transition to a circular economy.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114155688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829864
A. Plepys, Jessika Luth Richter
Innovations in the lighting sector, such as LED-based light sources, have opened up unprecedented possibilities to both save energy and improve the quality of lighting. There is growing evidence of light's importance for human health, moods, work productivity and quality of life in general; but the uptake of new solutions is still rather slow in society. The public sector can play an important role in opening up markets for innovative new products, lighting solutions and new business models. This paper presents the current status of the public sector's role in facilitating the uptake of innovations in the lighting sector, using Sweden as a case study. The study is based on interviews, case studies and literature reviews. It discusses the role of public procurement for innovation (PPI), analyses technical, institutional and regulatory barriers from the perspectives of different actors and identifies opportunities for action. Our findings suggest that improvement priorities include the closing of knowledge gaps among relevant actors, optimizing the division of responsibilities for decision-taking, avoiding over-interpretation of legal provisions, more effective learning from pilot examples and more innovative thinking in creating service-oriented business models through public-private partnerships.
{"title":"“Public procurement barriers in promoting market uptake of innovative LED lighting”","authors":"A. Plepys, Jessika Luth Richter","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829864","url":null,"abstract":"Innovations in the lighting sector, such as LED-based light sources, have opened up unprecedented possibilities to both save energy and improve the quality of lighting. There is growing evidence of light's importance for human health, moods, work productivity and quality of life in general; but the uptake of new solutions is still rather slow in society. The public sector can play an important role in opening up markets for innovative new products, lighting solutions and new business models. This paper presents the current status of the public sector's role in facilitating the uptake of innovations in the lighting sector, using Sweden as a case study. The study is based on interviews, case studies and literature reviews. It discusses the role of public procurement for innovation (PPI), analyses technical, institutional and regulatory barriers from the perspectives of different actors and identifies opportunities for action. Our findings suggest that improvement priorities include the closing of knowledge gaps among relevant actors, optimizing the division of responsibilities for decision-taking, avoiding over-interpretation of legal provisions, more effective learning from pilot examples and more innovative thinking in creating service-oriented business models through public-private partnerships.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114403685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829860
M. Riess, P. Müller
Growing number and complexity of material related regulatory regulations compel electronics manufacturers to rethink product compliance. Can your company state with confidence they can identify every substance in the final product, and from where each part was sourced, by all direct and indirect suppliers? The partly long supply chain is a challenge considering the short time and limited resources for product development in the electronic industry. When placing a product on the market product related (RoHS) and material related (REACH) questions have to be answered. In order to be able to answer these questions it is important to have the answers readily at hand.
{"title":"Combination of data base systems and material assay testing: Answer increasingly complex material related questions with confidence","authors":"M. Riess, P. Müller","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829860","url":null,"abstract":"Growing number and complexity of material related regulatory regulations compel electronics manufacturers to rethink product compliance. Can your company state with confidence they can identify every substance in the final product, and from where each part was sourced, by all direct and indirect suppliers? The partly long supply chain is a challenge considering the short time and limited resources for product development in the electronic industry. When placing a product on the market product related (RoHS) and material related (REACH) questions have to be answered. In order to be able to answer these questions it is important to have the answers readily at hand.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114916746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829849
C. Clemm, Christoph Sinai, Christian Ferkinghoff, Nils Dethlefs, N. Nissen, K. Lang
The study presents data on the state of health of smartphone and tablet lithium-ion batteries that were used in devices in the field for up to several years. Data was retrieved from the coconutBattery database, which contains thousands of datasets on batteries from several device models from the same manufacturer. The durability of batteries in the sample data was found to be quite high. Even batteries that had been in the field for several years and had endured hundreds of charging cycles were able to retain a relatively high state of health. However, several major limitations in regard to generalizability of the findings were identified. Furthermore, the cycle frequency of smartphone and tablet batteries in the field is presented, which may be useful to support life cycle assessments and carbon footprinting of such product groups.
{"title":"Durability and cycle frequency of smartphone and tablet lithium-ion batteries in the field","authors":"C. Clemm, Christoph Sinai, Christian Ferkinghoff, Nils Dethlefs, N. Nissen, K. Lang","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829849","url":null,"abstract":"The study presents data on the state of health of smartphone and tablet lithium-ion batteries that were used in devices in the field for up to several years. Data was retrieved from the coconutBattery database, which contains thousands of datasets on batteries from several device models from the same manufacturer. The durability of batteries in the sample data was found to be quite high. Even batteries that had been in the field for several years and had endured hundreds of charging cycles were able to retain a relatively high state of health. However, several major limitations in regard to generalizability of the findings were identified. Furthermore, the cycle frequency of smartphone and tablet batteries in the field is presented, which may be useful to support life cycle assessments and carbon footprinting of such product groups.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128209983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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