Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829838
O. Odeyingbo, Innocent Chidi Nnorom, O. Deubzer, Rüdiger Kühr, O. Osibanjo, P. Onianwa, G. Adie, Stephanie Adrian, Klaus Willke
Exports of used electrical and electronic equipment (UEEE) from richer countries and into developing countries provide socio-economic benefits, but also contribute to the huge environmental and health damages e-waste causes in these countries.
{"title":"The Person-in-the-Port project: Volumes and quality of used electronics imports into Nigeria","authors":"O. Odeyingbo, Innocent Chidi Nnorom, O. Deubzer, Rüdiger Kühr, O. Osibanjo, P. Onianwa, G. Adie, Stephanie Adrian, Klaus Willke","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829838","url":null,"abstract":"Exports of used electrical and electronic equipment (UEEE) from richer countries and into developing countries provide socio-economic benefits, but also contribute to the huge environmental and health damages e-waste causes in these countries.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115293001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829845
C. Dalhammar, L. Milios
Circular business models are considered to be one of the key building blocks in the transition to a Circular Economy, but the viability of such business models is often dependent upon supporting policies. Relevant policies include support for waste infrastructure, regulatory frameworks, taxes and charges, and various informative instruments. This contribution reviews the literature on circular economy policies and discusses how current and new policies can support circular business models. Two companies who sell reconditioned ICT products are used as case studies in order to get a more detailed picture of the main barriers, and the need for policy support to overcome the barriers. The cases are built on semi-structured interviews with company representatives. The two companies both identify high taxes on labour and consumer perceptions among the most important barriers. The two companies differ in their opinions regarding the need for political support and whether waste rules are a major barrier, reflecting differences in their markets and supply chains.
{"title":"Policies to support reconditioning and reuse of ICT","authors":"C. Dalhammar, L. Milios","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829845","url":null,"abstract":"Circular business models are considered to be one of the key building blocks in the transition to a Circular Economy, but the viability of such business models is often dependent upon supporting policies. Relevant policies include support for waste infrastructure, regulatory frameworks, taxes and charges, and various informative instruments. This contribution reviews the literature on circular economy policies and discusses how current and new policies can support circular business models. Two companies who sell reconditioned ICT products are used as case studies in order to get a more detailed picture of the main barriers, and the need for policy support to overcome the barriers. The cases are built on semi-structured interviews with company representatives. The two companies both identify high taxes on labour and consumer perceptions among the most important barriers. The two companies differ in their opinions regarding the need for political support and whether waste rules are a major barrier, reflecting differences in their markets and supply chains.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117122469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829834
C. Stahr, L. Rüttinger, Astrid Lorenzen
This article explores sustainability issues concerning tin, one of the crucial soldering materials in the global IT industry. In addition to the potential negative social and environmental impacts of tin production, this article assesses initiatives that have emerged as a response to growing pressures on mining companies and producers to address these issues. In the following analysis, issues pertaining to demand and supply are illustrated using two country examples: Indonesia as the largest global producer of tin and Germany as the fourth largest tin consumer. Furthermore, an initiative active in the field of soldering tin in Germany (www.fairloetet.de) is portrayed and its experiences in developing a marketable product of fair and recycled soldering tin are analysed.
{"title":"Fair soldering tin: Recycling, supply chain interventions, or material alternatives?","authors":"C. Stahr, L. Rüttinger, Astrid Lorenzen","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829834","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores sustainability issues concerning tin, one of the crucial soldering materials in the global IT industry. In addition to the potential negative social and environmental impacts of tin production, this article assesses initiatives that have emerged as a response to growing pressures on mining companies and producers to address these issues. In the following analysis, issues pertaining to demand and supply are illustrated using two country examples: Indonesia as the largest global producer of tin and Germany as the fourth largest tin consumer. Furthermore, an initiative active in the field of soldering tin in Germany (www.fairloetet.de) is portrayed and its experiences in developing a marketable product of fair and recycled soldering tin are analysed.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123734202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829843
Akihiro Oikawa, Jun Oki, Kenta Torihara, Yuta Kadowaki, N. Mishima
This study proposes a concept of remote recycling and prototyped the remote operation system. Then, the paper tried to examine whether the remote recycling is technically feasible. In the experiment, material compositions of the separated parts through remote operation were measured, and also operation capability was checked. And then, the results were compared with those of manual disassembly of PCB (Printed Circuit Board). The results showed that the total amount of valuable metals included in the remotely separated parts was larger than that of manually disassembled PCB. And the recovery rates of Au, Ag and Cu were relatively larger when the pre-crushed size was large. Throughout the study, it was clarified that remote separation can recover larger amount of Au, Ag and Cu than manual disassembly of PCB. It was concluded that the Remote Recycling is a promising concept. Future work will be examination of methods to increase metal density.
{"title":"Remote operation experiment towards implementation of Remote Recycling","authors":"Akihiro Oikawa, Jun Oki, Kenta Torihara, Yuta Kadowaki, N. Mishima","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829843","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a concept of remote recycling and prototyped the remote operation system. Then, the paper tried to examine whether the remote recycling is technically feasible. In the experiment, material compositions of the separated parts through remote operation were measured, and also operation capability was checked. And then, the results were compared with those of manual disassembly of PCB (Printed Circuit Board). The results showed that the total amount of valuable metals included in the remotely separated parts was larger than that of manually disassembled PCB. And the recovery rates of Au, Ag and Cu were relatively larger when the pre-crushed size was large. Throughout the study, it was clarified that remote separation can recover larger amount of Au, Ag and Cu than manual disassembly of PCB. It was concluded that the Remote Recycling is a promising concept. Future work will be examination of methods to increase metal density.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123772447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The overview of the main challenges and barriers related with the issues of reuse and remanufacturing of components from smart mobile devices were presented. The authors mainly focused on the current state of the art as well as the preliminary remarks from first investigation of the “sustainablySMART” H2020 project were presented. It was stated that both in reuse and remanufacturing processes of modern chips the main role plays: economic profitability of processes, environmental benefits and costs of processing needed for remanufacturing of components, as well as technical feasibility of components remanufacturing in the way enable their safe application in other products.
{"title":"Challenges of reuse and remanufacturing of modern chips in smart mobile devices","authors":"Sitek Janusz, Koscielski Marek, Arazna Aneta, Stęplewski Wojciech, Janeczek Kamil","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829846","url":null,"abstract":"The overview of the main challenges and barriers related with the issues of reuse and remanufacturing of components from smart mobile devices were presented. The authors mainly focused on the current state of the art as well as the preliminary remarks from first investigation of the “sustainablySMART” H2020 project were presented. It was stated that both in reuse and remanufacturing processes of modern chips the main role plays: economic profitability of processes, environmental benefits and costs of processing needed for remanufacturing of components, as well as technical feasibility of components remanufacturing in the way enable their safe application in other products.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125521138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829871
Carsten Dietsche, F. Mehlich, I. Herrmann
This paper draws attention to unintended releases of chemical substances from solid materials and their impact on the human body and the environment in general. For example, such Substances of Very High Concern (SVHCs) include heavy metals, light metals, plasticisers and flame retardants. Specifically, the article focuses on releases associated with solid materials in electric/electronic (E/E) industries, e.g. in charging plugs and cables, in-cable control boxes, and wall chargers. The Phthalates, contained in such articles (e.g. DEHP, CAS 117-81-7) can pose health and environmental hazards and, we argue, they should be subject to control. Typically, the human body is exposed to such substances via frequent, prolonged skin exposure, while releases into the environment are less direct but nonetheless occur. This article identifies the legal and regulatory gaps in tracking hazardous substances of e-waste and discusses potential solutions for containing their unintended release. It proposes a preferred solution that focuses on tracking the various stages of the lifecycle of relevant products.
本文提请注意固体材料中化学物质的意外释放及其对人体和环境的影响。例如，这些高度关注物质(SVHCs)包括重金属、轻金属、增塑剂和阻燃剂。具体来说，本文关注的是电气/电子(E/E)行业中与固体材料相关的释放，例如充电插头和电缆、电缆内控制盒和墙壁充电器。这些物品(例如DEHP, CAS 117-81-7)中所含的邻苯二甲酸盐可能对健康和环境造成危害，我们认为，它们应该受到控制。通常情况下，人体通过频繁、长时间的皮肤接触接触到这些物质，而释放到环境中的方式不那么直接，但仍然会发生。本文确定了跟踪电子废物有害物质的法律和监管差距，并讨论了控制其意外释放的潜在解决方案。它提出了一个优先的解决方案，专注于跟踪相关产品生命周期的各个阶段。
{"title":"Substances of Very High Concern (SVHCs): Chemical breakdown and dismantling data for e-waste","authors":"Carsten Dietsche, F. Mehlich, I. Herrmann","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829871","url":null,"abstract":"This paper draws attention to unintended releases of chemical substances from solid materials and their impact on the human body and the environment in general. For example, such Substances of Very High Concern (SVHCs) include heavy metals, light metals, plasticisers and flame retardants. Specifically, the article focuses on releases associated with solid materials in electric/electronic (E/E) industries, e.g. in charging plugs and cables, in-cable control boxes, and wall chargers. The Phthalates, contained in such articles (e.g. DEHP, CAS 117-81-7) can pose health and environmental hazards and, we argue, they should be subject to control. Typically, the human body is exposed to such substances via frequent, prolonged skin exposure, while releases into the environment are less direct but nonetheless occur. This article identifies the legal and regulatory gaps in tracking hazardous substances of e-waste and discusses potential solutions for containing their unintended release. It proposes a preferred solution that focuses on tracking the various stages of the lifecycle of relevant products.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116299124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829817
M. Matsumoto, Y. Umeda, Shuto Tsuchiya, L. Tang
Developing a reliable forecasting process is a crucial step for optimization of the overall planning process of product remanufacturing. This study examined the effectiveness of demand forecasting in remanufacturing by time series analysis (Holt-Winters model), product lifetime model (Weibull distribution), and incorporation of the two methods. To verify the effectiveness, the actual data of the time series of the sales of remanufactured alternators of an independent remanufacturer was used. For the forecasting over a year, the results provided average errors of 35.3% for Holt-Winters model, 42.2% for Weibull distribution, and 29.3% for the incorporated model. The results indicate the forecasting accuracy can improve by appropriately incorporating different methods. The results, implications, and future steps are discussed.
{"title":"Development of demand forecasting model for automotive electric component remanufacturing","authors":"M. Matsumoto, Y. Umeda, Shuto Tsuchiya, L. Tang","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829817","url":null,"abstract":"Developing a reliable forecasting process is a crucial step for optimization of the overall planning process of product remanufacturing. This study examined the effectiveness of demand forecasting in remanufacturing by time series analysis (Holt-Winters model), product lifetime model (Weibull distribution), and incorporation of the two methods. To verify the effectiveness, the actual data of the time series of the sales of remanufactured alternators of an independent remanufacturer was used. For the forecasting over a year, the results provided average errors of 35.3% for Holt-Winters model, 42.2% for Weibull distribution, and 29.3% for the incorporated model. The results indicate the forecasting accuracy can improve by appropriately incorporating different methods. The results, implications, and future steps are discussed.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133935423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829868
O. Deubzer, Y. Baron, N. Nissen, K. Lang
Until January 2015, industry had applied for the continuation of more than 30 exemptions listed in Annex III of Directive 2011/65/EU (RoHS Directive), which otherwise would have expired in July 2016. These exemptions allow the use of substances which the RoHS Directive restricts, among others highly important exemptions like the use of cadmium in electrical contacts, mercury in compact fluorescent lamps (energy saving lamps), lead in high melting point solders, lead in ceramics and glass of electrical and electronic components. The paper will give an overview on the background and experiences of the review procedure for the above-mentioned core exemptions. The review process started in June 2015 and ended in June 2016, and introduce the background of the reviewers' recommendations to the European Commission. The paper should be read in the context of the review reports [1], [2].
{"title":"Status of the RoHS directive and exemptions","authors":"O. Deubzer, Y. Baron, N. Nissen, K. Lang","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829868","url":null,"abstract":"Until January 2015, industry had applied for the continuation of more than 30 exemptions listed in Annex III of Directive 2011/65/EU (RoHS Directive), which otherwise would have expired in July 2016. These exemptions allow the use of substances which the RoHS Directive restricts, among others highly important exemptions like the use of cadmium in electrical contacts, mercury in compact fluorescent lamps (energy saving lamps), lead in high melting point solders, lead in ceramics and glass of electrical and electronic components. The paper will give an overview on the background and experiences of the review procedure for the above-mentioned core exemptions. The review process started in June 2015 and ended in June 2016, and introduce the background of the reviewers' recommendations to the European Commission. The paper should be read in the context of the review reports [1], [2].","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"28 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133969812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829853
S. Prakash, Andreas Köhler, Ran Liu, L. Stobbe, M. Proske, K. Schischke
Public authorities have an important role to play in mainstreaming green procurement for ICT. However, a life-cycle thinking approach in the procurement process is necessary today. Several LCA studies have shown that the manufacturing phase of ICT products have a proportionally increasing environmental impact as compared to the use phase. Thus, extension of the service life of ICT products has been identified as the main strategy for minimising the total environmental impact of ICT products. Against this background, the German Federal Environment Agency (UBA) commissioned the Oeko-Institute and the TU Berlin to assess the ecological and economic impact of various IT solutions in federal authorities in Germany. The focus was on desktop computers, notebooks and mini computers. Based on the results, the study identifies the most appropriate IT solutions for the public authorities and formulates a six point plan in order to lower the environmental and resource burden of the procurement practices.
{"title":"Paradigm shift in Green IT - extending the life-times of computers in the public authorities in Germany","authors":"S. Prakash, Andreas Köhler, Ran Liu, L. Stobbe, M. Proske, K. Schischke","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829853","url":null,"abstract":"Public authorities have an important role to play in mainstreaming green procurement for ICT. However, a life-cycle thinking approach in the procurement process is necessary today. Several LCA studies have shown that the manufacturing phase of ICT products have a proportionally increasing environmental impact as compared to the use phase. Thus, extension of the service life of ICT products has been identified as the main strategy for minimising the total environmental impact of ICT products. Against this background, the German Federal Environment Agency (UBA) commissioned the Oeko-Institute and the TU Berlin to assess the ecological and economic impact of various IT solutions in federal authorities in Germany. The focus was on desktop computers, notebooks and mini computers. Based on the results, the study identifies the most appropriate IT solutions for the public authorities and formulates a six point plan in order to lower the environmental and resource burden of the procurement practices.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117216831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829813
Yannick De Bock, Andrés Auquilla, K. Kellens, A. Nowé, J. Duflou
Matching system functionality and user needs by learning from user behaviour enables a significant reduction in energy consumption. Habits and routine behaviour are exploited and captured in user profiles to automatically create customized heating schedules. However, over time the user conduct can change either gradually or abruptly and old occupancy patterns could become obsolete. Hence, a self-learning system should be able to cope with these changes and adapt the identified user profiles accordingly. An approach to track changing behaviour and update the corresponding user profiles, and hence heating schedules, is presented. The proposed strategy is evaluated by comparing prediction accuracy and potential energy savings to the case where learning is static and to incremental learning strategies. The results are illustrated by means of a real-life dataset of a single-user office.
{"title":"Intelligent occupancy-driven thermostat by dynamic user profiling","authors":"Yannick De Bock, Andrés Auquilla, K. Kellens, A. Nowé, J. Duflou","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829813","url":null,"abstract":"Matching system functionality and user needs by learning from user behaviour enables a significant reduction in energy consumption. Habits and routine behaviour are exploited and captured in user profiles to automatically create customized heating schedules. However, over time the user conduct can change either gradually or abruptly and old occupancy patterns could become obsolete. Hence, a self-learning system should be able to cope with these changes and adapt the identified user profiles accordingly. An approach to track changing behaviour and update the corresponding user profiles, and hence heating schedules, is presented. The proposed strategy is evaluated by comparing prediction accuracy and potential energy savings to the case where learning is static and to incremental learning strategies. The results are illustrated by means of a real-life dataset of a single-user office.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129872354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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