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2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)最新文献

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Concept for telecom network production sites towards sustainable and energy-efficient operation 电信网络生产基地的可持续和节能运营理念
Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829806
C. Lange, N. Casott, Dirk Kosiankowski, M. Schlosser, R. Schlenk
Current trends regarding telco network equipment evolution and changing paradigms in energy generation and power supply allow for a re-design of telco network production sites: On the one hand general-purpose hardware together with design ideas borrowed from IT data centers enter the telecom's world and on the other hand concepts of own and de-centralized electrical energy generation and power supply are maturing. As an example, parts of a transport network element are implemented on general-purpose server hardware using virtualization techniques. Calculations and measurements show that in particular the pooling of network functions allows for improved energy efficiency. The results of an economical assessment of different cases for the design of and co-location in future network production sites using such general-purpose systems as well as own and renewable de-centralized power generation and supply yields energy-related cost advantages for the involved parties.
当前电信网络设备的发展趋势和能源生产和供电模式的变化使得电信网络生产站点的重新设计成为可能:一方面,通用硬件和借鉴IT数据中心的设计思想进入了电信世界,另一方面,自有和分散的电力生产和供电概念正在成熟。例如,传输网络元素的某些部分使用虚拟化技术在通用服务器硬件上实现。计算和测量表明,特别是网络功能的池化可以提高能源效率。对使用这种通用系统以及自有和可再生的分散式发电和供应的未来网络生产地点的设计和共址的不同情况进行经济评估的结果为有关各方带来能源方面的成本优势。
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引用次数: 0
Closed-loop innovation for mobile electronics - the business model innovation approach of the sustainablySMART project 移动电子产品的闭环创新——sustainablemart项目的商业模式创新方法
Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829847
M. Regenfelder, André P. Slowak, A. Santacreu
Closing the loop for products, components and materials loop promotes resource efficiency. Loop-closing approaches extend the traditional value chain through collection, refurbishment or reprocessing value steps and through new actors and stakeholders in the business environment becoming relevant. The once linear value chains of companies or industries are extended; or linked between industries; re/decomposed; and new value constellations may emerge. Remanufacturing, re-use and recycling approaches entail a multiple-times value creation which includes sustaining value beyond the original new product lifecycle. The paper conceptualises and illustrates a new, environmental sustainable value creation logic from business models. It applies the innovation strategy concept by Slowak and Regenfelder (2016). This is to depict how case studies of the European project sustainablySMART, namely the example of PuzzlePhone, do innovate. This paper extracts the practice of innovators combining technological, organisational and business environment related innovation for closing the materials loop from industry evidence. We discuss how existing business models require change and in that context, value chains are altered.
产品、零部件、材料闭环,提高资源效率。闭环方法通过收集、翻新或再加工价值步骤,以及通过商业环境中的新参与者和利益相关者变得相关,扩展了传统的价值链。企业或行业曾经的线性价值链被延伸;或行业之间的联系;re /分解;新的价值星座可能会出现。再制造、再利用和再循环方法需要多次创造价值,其中包括超越原始新产品生命周期的持续价值。本文从商业模式出发,概念化并说明了一种新的、环境可持续的价值创造逻辑。它采用了Slowak和Regenfelder(2016)的创新战略概念。这是为了描述欧洲项目可持续发展的案例研究,即PuzzlePhone的例子,如何创新。本文从行业证据中提取了创新者将技术创新、组织创新和商业环境创新结合起来实现材料闭环的实践。我们将讨论现有的商业模式如何需要改变,在这种情况下,价值链将被改变。
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引用次数: 3
A possibility of Open Zero Energy Plant Factory 开放式零能耗工厂的可能性
Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829821
H. Kubo, Shunichiro Murayama, Masaki Tanimoto, Kazuki Okoso, S. Maeno
The serious subject of agriculture of Japan is reduction and aging of farmer population. Moreover, the increase in an abandoned cultivated land and decline in a food self-sufficiency ratio are also problems. A plant factory may lead to these problem solving. However, the profitability is not securable in many plant factories. The cause is mainly in a large amount of initial investment and a lot of energy consumed. Then, “Open Zero Energy Plant Factory (OZEPf) system” which combined a photovoltaics panel with a low cost tracking mechanism and advanced hydroponics equipment is proposed. In this report, the basic composition of an experimental system is shown first. Next, the measurement results of photovoltaics and hydroponics data collected by the small sensors are shown. Based on these results, the optimum allocation of photovoltaics and agriculture are shown and the possibility of OZEPf is suggested.
日本农业面临的严峻问题是农民人口的减少和老龄化。此外,废弃耕地的增加和粮食自给率的下降也是问题。植物工厂可能会导致这些问题的解决。然而,在许多植物工厂,盈利能力是不安全的。其原因主要在于初期投入大,能耗大。在此基础上,提出了将光伏板、低成本跟踪机构和先进的水培设备相结合的“开放式零能耗植物工厂系统”。在本报告中,首先展示了实验系统的基本组成。接下来,展示了小型传感器采集的光伏和水培数据的测量结果。在此基础上,提出了光伏和农业的优化配置,并提出了OZEPf的可能性。
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引用次数: 4
Improved sustainability in WDM transport-network elements 改进了WDM传输网络元素的可持续性
Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829807
K. Grobe
Sustainability has become a ubiquitous requirement, driven by global warming and resource scarcity. For Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (WDM) and other telecommunications equipment, the by far most-relevant environmental aspect is in-service energy consumption (CO2), which is only then followed by resources usage during production (raw material, energy, CO2), all transportation (CO2), and recycling potential. Consequently, eco design has to address these aspects first, and it did in the past. For example, per-bit-rate energy consumption decreased from ∼10 W/Gb/s in 1996 to ∼0.5 W/Gb/s now. This is supported by several TEER (Telecommunications Energy Efficiency Rating) documents and standards. Similarly, most material-usage aspects and PCB size were reduced in a similar way. These improvements, however, are limited by the fact that bit rates are exponentially increasing. Therefore, further improvements have to be supported by Circular Economy and its aspects of re-use, refurbishment and optimized recycling.
在全球变暖和资源稀缺的推动下,可持续发展已成为一项无处不在的要求。对于波分复用(Wavelength-Division Multiplexing, WDM)和其他电信设备,到目前为止,最相关的环境方面是在使用中能源消耗(CO2),其次是生产过程中的资源使用(原材料、能源、CO2)、所有运输(CO2)和回收潜力。因此,生态设计必须首先解决这些问题,过去也是如此。例如,每比特率的能耗从1996年的~ 10w /Gb/s下降到现在的~ 0.5 W/Gb/s。这得到了几个TEER(电信能源效率等级)文件和标准的支持。同样,大多数材料使用方面和PCB尺寸也以类似的方式减少。然而,这些改进受到比特率呈指数增长这一事实的限制。因此,进一步的改进必须得到循环经济及其再利用、翻新和优化回收方面的支持。
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引用次数: 0
Stocks and flows of critical materials in batteries: Data collection and data uses 电池中关键材料的库存和流动:数据收集和数据使用
Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829827
P. Chancerel, P. Mählitz, C. Chanson, Peter Binnemans, J. Huisman, M. G. Brechu, V. S. Rotter, N. Nissen, K. Lang
ProSUM - Latin for “I am useful” - aims to provide better information on raw materials from secondary origins. It focuses in particular on the content of Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) from Batteries (BATT), Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), End of Life Vehicles (ELV) and Mining Wastes (MIN) available for processing in Europe. Batteries are considered a highly relevant waste group in the ProSUM project due to the high content of CRMs. The main goal of this paper is to provide an overview of the data collection and data analysis for batteries and the materials they contain. In the research, it was necessary to develop a classification of batteries and build the inventory of available data on their stocks and flows. It includes the amounts of batteries put on the market, the stocks in households and businesses, and the flows of waste batteries collected and treated. The stocks and flows of batteries are linked with the average composition of the different types of batteries to calculate the stocks and flows of (critical) resources. The results are shown for lithium-based and NiMH batteries in laptops and tablets. The data made available are specifically useful when addressing current issues related to the European legislation for waste batteries, e.g. the definition of adequate targets for collection and the monitoring of recycling efficiency.
ProSUM——拉丁文的意思是“我是有用的”——旨在为二手原材料提供更好的信息。它特别关注来自电池(BATT)、废弃电气和电子设备(WEEE)、报废车辆(ELV)和采矿废物(MIN)的关键原材料(crm)的含量,这些废物可在欧洲进行处理。由于crm的高含量,电池被认为是ProSUM项目中高度相关的废物组。本文的主要目标是概述电池及其包含的材料的数据收集和数据分析。在这项研究中,有必要对电池进行分类,并建立关于其库存和流量的现有数据清单。它包括投放市场的电池数量,家庭和企业的库存,以及收集和处理的废电池流量。电池的库存和流量与不同类型电池的平均组成相关联,以计算(关键)资源的库存和流量。结果显示了笔记本电脑和平板电脑的锂基电池和镍氢电池。所提供的数据在处理与欧洲废电池立法有关的当前问题时特别有用,例如确定适当的收集目标和监测回收效率。
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引用次数: 4
Recovery of bromine and antimony from WEEE plastics 从报废电子电气设备塑料中回收溴和锑
Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829830
M. Schlummer, L. Popp, Fabian Trautmann, David Zimmermann, Andreas Mäurer
Current technologies for recycling plastics from WEEE separate non-flame retarded types of ABS, PS and PP from a mixed plastic stream, which contains halogens and legacy additives like PBDE and is intended to be incinerated. As an innovative alternative treatment route, we investigated whether this by-product may be used as a source of plastics, bromine and the synergist antimony trioxide (Sb2O3). The technological approach based on the CreaSolv® Process (CreaSolv® is a registered trademark of CreaCycle, GmbH, Grevenbroich) that allows a selective dissolution of flame retarded ABS and PS, respectively. These solutions are cleaned from undissolved particles by filters, and Sb2O3 is separated by a centrifuge. After removal of Sb2O3, ABS und PS solutions are separated from brominated flame retardants (BFR) and finally produced to granules of recycled ABS and PS. In this study, the technical feasibility of this approach is demonstrated in laboratory and small technical scale. Results show, that application of centrifugal forces separates Sb2O3 to more than 90 % from the dissolved polymers whereas BFR stay in solution. As known from earlier trials and as demonstrated here, subsequent cleaning separates BFR from PS and ABS by more than 98%.
目前从报废电子电气设备中回收塑料的技术将非阻燃型ABS、PS和PP从混合塑料流中分离出来,混合塑料流含有卤素和传统添加剂,如多溴二苯醚,并打算焚烧。作为一种创新的替代处理途径,我们研究了这种副产物是否可以作为塑料、溴和增效剂三氧化二锑(Sb2O3)的来源。该技术方法基于CreaSolv®工艺(CreaSolv®是CreaCycle, GmbH, Grevenbroich的注册商标),可分别选择性溶解阻燃ABS和PS。这些溶液通过过滤器从未溶解的颗粒中清除,并用离心机分离Sb2O3。去除Sb2O3后,ABS和PS溶液从溴化阻燃剂(BFR)中分离出来,最终生产出回收的ABS和PS颗粒。本研究在实验室和小技术规模上论证了该方法的技术可行性。结果表明,在离心力的作用下,Sb2O3从溶解的聚合物中分离出90%以上,而BFR则留在溶液中。从早期的试验中可知,随后的清洗将BFR与PS和ABS分离了98%以上。
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引用次数: 4
Methodological approach to improving WEEE assessment in emerging economies 改进新兴经济体报废电子电气设备评估的方法方法
Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829844
Karima Hamouda, V. S. Rotter, N. Korf
Consumption of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is rapidly increasing in developing countries. Usually, there are no available data about amounts of WEEE generated in these countries. The assessment of present and future amounts of obsolete devices is a crucial step for the establishment of efficient waste collection and treatment systems.
在发展中国家,电气和电子设备的消费正在迅速增加。通常,没有关于这些国家产生的报废电子电气设备数量的可用数据。评估目前和将来的废弃设备数量是建立有效的废物收集和处理系统的关键步骤。
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引用次数: 5
Photovoltaic power goes green 光伏发电走向绿色
Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829819
N. Gazbour, G. Razongles, C. Schaeffer, Carole Charbuillet
Photovoltaic (PV) power is a renewable energy commonly presented as a “clean” source. Since this energy power is seen as very profitable, new technologies are evolving very rapidly. It's therefore necessary to evaluate the environmental benefits of PV systems related to technological progress. In this work a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in accordance with the ISO 14040 and 14044 [1] standards is used. The objective of this paper is to perform a parallel analysis of classic standard monocrystalline (mono-Si) module from the Ecoinvent 3.1 data base with a mono-Si panel updated with current data production from the institute CEA-INES. The second step is to estimate the reduction in environmental impact linked to a monolike bifacial panel. The environmental analysis reveals an Energy Pay Back Time (EPBT) less than 1.1 years for bifacial monolike PV modules which is 3 time less than a classic standard mono-Si Ecoinvent 3.1 PV. It results also a sustainable reduction of 38% in CO2 emissions due to the improvements and updating in the manufacturing process of the PV.
光伏(PV)是一种可再生能源,通常被认为是一种“清洁”能源。由于这种能源被视为非常有利可图,因此新技术的发展非常迅速。因此,有必要评估与技术进步相关的光伏系统的环境效益。在这项工作中,使用了符合ISO 14040和14044[1]标准的生命周期评估(LCA)。本文的目的是对Ecoinvent 3.1数据库中的经典标准单晶(单si)模块进行并行分析,其中单si面板更新了来自研究所CEA-INES的当前数据生产。第二步是估计与单形双面面板相关的环境影响减少。环境分析显示,双面单晶光伏组件的能源回收期(EPBT)不到1.1年,比经典的标准单晶Ecoinvent 3.1光伏组件少3倍。由于光伏制造过程的改进和更新,它还导致二氧化碳排放量可持续减少38%。
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引用次数: 4
ISO Guidance Principles for the Sustainable Management of Secondary Metals ISO二级金属可持续管理指导原则
Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829835
S. Valdivia, M. Sureda, M. Schluep, R. Widmer
Recycling of waste that contains metals is a growing economic opportunity for micro, small and medium enterprises and an important income source for the informal sector in developing and emerging economies (DEE). However, mechanisms to track sustainable recovery have not been fully developed yet. The Guidance Principles for the Sustainable Management of Secondary Metals (Guidance Principles) are tackling this challenge by recommending five sustainability Principles and 17 Objectives, a gradual implementation approach and an assurance system and traceability mechanism (Chain of Custody) to economic operators, governments, standards initiatives, among others, willing to enforce the sustainable recovery of metals. The Guidance Principles are developed under an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Workshop Agreement (IWA) process and aim to especially benefit economic operators in DEE with weak regulations and enforcement. The paper aims to introduce the Guidance Principles, main issues raised along the process and future activities in selected DEE.
回收含金属废物是微型、小型和中型企业日益增长的经济机会,也是发展中国家和新兴经济体非正规部门的重要收入来源。然而,追踪可持续复苏的机制尚未充分发展。《二手金属可持续管理指导原则》(《指导原则》)正在应对这一挑战,向愿意实施金属可持续回收的经济运营商、政府、标准倡议机构等推荐了5项可持续性原则和17个目标、逐步实施的方法、保证体系和可追溯机制(监管链)。指导原则是根据国际标准化组织(ISO)国际研讨会协议(IWA)流程制定的,旨在特别使法规和执行薄弱的DEE中的经济经营者受益。本文旨在介绍指导原则、过程中提出的主要问题以及选定DEE的未来活动。
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引用次数: 3
When agendas align: Critical materials and green electronics 当议程一致时:关键材料和绿色电子
Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829825
A. King
Modern electronic devices are constructed using a large palette of materials, some of which are considered “critical,” meaning that their supply-chains are tenuous to some degree and they cannot easily be substituted. The rare earth crisis of 2010–'11 brought worldwide attention to the challenge of dealing with critical materials, and resulted in several research programs being created, world wide, to find technological solutions to shortages of essential materials. Some of the approaches used to ensure the supply chains of critical materials are consistent with making electronics greener, some are neutral, and some can run counter to the greening of information devices. Some of the approaches applied to critical materials can also be applied to anacritical materials which are the opposite of critical materials in a particular sense: they are materials that need to be removed from production or eliminated from waste because they are oversupplied or have undesirable traits such as toxicity or contamination of recycle streams. We describe where critical materials strategies and greening strategies coincide, and evaluate the most significant roadblocks to success.
现代电子设备使用了大量的材料,其中一些被认为是“关键”材料,这意味着它们的供应链在某种程度上是脆弱的,它们不容易被取代。2010年至2011年的稀土危机使全世界关注到处理关键材料的挑战,并导致在世界范围内创建了几个研究项目,以寻找解决关键材料短缺的技术解决方案。用于确保关键材料供应链的一些方法与使电子产品更环保一致,有些是中性的,有些可能与信息设备的绿色背道而驰。应用于关键材料的一些方法也可以应用于在特定意义上与关键材料相反的非关键材料:它们是需要从生产中移除或从废物中消除的材料,因为它们供应过剩或具有诸如毒性或循环流污染等不良特性。我们描述了关键材料策略和绿化策略相吻合的地方,并评估了成功的最重要障碍。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)
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