Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829836
Arne Campen, S. Enders
The volumes of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) generated in some African countries can be compared to those of some Eastern European countries, but many of them do not have any WEEE legislation and/or collection and treatment system in place besides voluntary initiatives and the informal sector. The volumes of EEE placed on the market are expected to grow by >7% in the coming years, with a focus on ICT and photovoltaics. The paper takes a look at the existing and planned legislation on WEEE in the African countries, showing the major components of the various WEEE systems and their differences.
{"title":"WEEE legislation in Africa — Status and future developments","authors":"Arne Campen, S. Enders","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829836","url":null,"abstract":"The volumes of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) generated in some African countries can be compared to those of some Eastern European countries, but many of them do not have any WEEE legislation and/or collection and treatment system in place besides voluntary initiatives and the informal sector. The volumes of EEE placed on the market are expected to grow by >7% in the coming years, with a focus on ICT and photovoltaics. The paper takes a look at the existing and planned legislation on WEEE in the African countries, showing the major components of the various WEEE systems and their differences.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127161480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829822
L. Stobbe, M. Proske, S. Beucker, R. Hintemann, K. Lang
Based on the data of a recent study, the paper will show and analyse the factors that contribute to the fast improvement of energy efficiency of ICT end-user devices over the past years. The main purpose of the paper is to outline future developments and challenges with respect to the further improvement of energy efficiency in the field of end-user devices. In the paper the authors will argue that further improvement is strongly related to the user's capability to select the right product in terms of functional configuration for their individual use. Some possible solutions supporting the user will be discussed ranging from technical means such as advanced software solutions to the investigation of additional regulative requirements. Finally, the paper will investigate the economics of the remaining improvement potential. Hereby the authors address the critical issue of a technical “over-kill” in order to achieve further improvement of energy efficiency versus the resulting environmental impact over the whole product lifecycle.
{"title":"Energy efficiency of ICT: Further improvement through customized products","authors":"L. Stobbe, M. Proske, S. Beucker, R. Hintemann, K. Lang","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829822","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the data of a recent study, the paper will show and analyse the factors that contribute to the fast improvement of energy efficiency of ICT end-user devices over the past years. The main purpose of the paper is to outline future developments and challenges with respect to the further improvement of energy efficiency in the field of end-user devices. In the paper the authors will argue that further improvement is strongly related to the user's capability to select the right product in terms of functional configuration for their individual use. Some possible solutions supporting the user will be discussed ranging from technical means such as advanced software solutions to the investigation of additional regulative requirements. Finally, the paper will investigate the economics of the remaining improvement potential. Hereby the authors address the critical issue of a technical “over-kill” in order to achieve further improvement of energy efficiency versus the resulting environmental impact over the whole product lifecycle.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116664375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829814
J. Malmodin, Vlad C. Coroamă
In recent years, numerous studies estimated the potential environmental benefits of ICT products and services. These studies usually extrapolate the results of small case studies to society-wide potentials. We analyse one of the most popular ICT services envisioned to induce such benefits, smart metering. Reviewing existing pilot studies, we establish an inverse correlation between the size of the case study and the resulted average energy reductions, casting a shadow over such extrapolations. We discuss several possible reasons for this inverse correlation, most importantly the representativeness of the case study. We also estimate the own life-cycle impact of smart meters, another topic often ignored in the literature. Building on these insights, we then present three own future scenarios for smart metering, which analyse the potential for energy and emission reductions in Sweden, the EU, the US and the world.
{"title":"Assessing ICT's enabling effect through case study extrapolation — The example of smart metering","authors":"J. Malmodin, Vlad C. Coroamă","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829814","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, numerous studies estimated the potential environmental benefits of ICT products and services. These studies usually extrapolate the results of small case studies to society-wide potentials. We analyse one of the most popular ICT services envisioned to induce such benefits, smart metering. Reviewing existing pilot studies, we establish an inverse correlation between the size of the case study and the resulted average energy reductions, casting a shadow over such extrapolations. We discuss several possible reasons for this inverse correlation, most importantly the representativeness of the case study. We also estimate the own life-cycle impact of smart meters, another topic often ignored in the literature. Building on these insights, we then present three own future scenarios for smart metering, which analyse the potential for energy and emission reductions in Sweden, the EU, the US and the world.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114733324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829876
H. Hayashi, H. Nishikawa
The subject of this research is to find a process applicable to recycling FPC system adding extra functionality in the polymeric material without photo sensitive agent. We chose PBW (Proton Beam Writer) as an option. The potential impact by charge can modify electronic state and chemical bonding. Acceleration voltage and specific charge limit the depth of material modification. Proton is preferred to save acceleration voltage but the potential impact is low. We have investigated hydrogen molecular ions (H2+ and H3+) to compromise penetration depth and improve potential impact inside the material. These molecular ions are not easy to accelerate but have two or triple fold charges therefore they are especially suited to make big shallow structures. We can efficiently make the GTH (Groove and Thru-hole) structure combining them with Proton for deep structure.
{"title":"PBW (Proton Beam Writer) application for EcoDesign of electronics","authors":"H. Hayashi, H. Nishikawa","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829876","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of this research is to find a process applicable to recycling FPC system adding extra functionality in the polymeric material without photo sensitive agent. We chose PBW (Proton Beam Writer) as an option. The potential impact by charge can modify electronic state and chemical bonding. Acceleration voltage and specific charge limit the depth of material modification. Proton is preferred to save acceleration voltage but the potential impact is low. We have investigated hydrogen molecular ions (H2+ and H3+) to compromise penetration depth and improve potential impact inside the material. These molecular ions are not easy to accelerate but have two or triple fold charges therefore they are especially suited to make big shallow structures. We can efficiently make the GTH (Groove and Thru-hole) structure combining them with Proton for deep structure.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129846793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/egg.2016.7829869
Y. Baron
The medical sector has requested an exemption from the substance restrictions of Directive 2011/65/EU (RoHS 2) for refurbished devices. Through global refurbishment practices, many of the larger medical devices are collected, refurbished and then resold to new end-users. Such practices are particularly of interest at present, in light of their contribution to the circular economy. Refurbishment prolongs the service lives of products, giving added benefit to resources that have already been used, as well as to the end-users who purchase them.
{"title":"Lessons learned from medical device refurbishment in the context of the RoHS Directive","authors":"Y. Baron","doi":"10.1109/egg.2016.7829869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/egg.2016.7829869","url":null,"abstract":"The medical sector has requested an exemption from the substance restrictions of Directive 2011/65/EU (RoHS 2) for refurbished devices. Through global refurbishment practices, many of the larger medical devices are collected, refurbished and then resold to new end-users. Such practices are particularly of interest at present, in light of their contribution to the circular economy. Refurbishment prolongs the service lives of products, giving added benefit to resources that have already been used, as well as to the end-users who purchase them.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"275 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124439466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829856
R. Steinhilper, Joachim Kleylein-Feuerstein, C. Kussmann
The aim of the work was to ensure the after-market supply of an industrial robot handheld terminal independently from the original equipment manufacturer. Therefore, a remanufacturing process was developed. Additionally, an upcycling of the unit was realized by fixing the malfunctions of the original handheld terminal. Initially the malfunctions of the original handheld terminal were analyzed. Based on the results of this analysis a requirement specification of a remanufactured handheld terminal was developed. The necessary remanufacturing process consists out of six steps. Following this the original handheld terminal was dismantled and all components were classified. The wearing and defective components had to be reproduced. For this purpose, a redesign was used. For every reproduced part the most economic manufacturing process was chosen. The generated results were used to manufacture a prototype of the upcycled handheld terminal. Also the supply chain for the remanufactured and upcycled handheld terminal was elaborated.
{"title":"Remanufacturing and upcycling of an industrial robot handheld terminal independently from the original equipment manufacturer","authors":"R. Steinhilper, Joachim Kleylein-Feuerstein, C. Kussmann","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829856","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work was to ensure the after-market supply of an industrial robot handheld terminal independently from the original equipment manufacturer. Therefore, a remanufacturing process was developed. Additionally, an upcycling of the unit was realized by fixing the malfunctions of the original handheld terminal. Initially the malfunctions of the original handheld terminal were analyzed. Based on the results of this analysis a requirement specification of a remanufactured handheld terminal was developed. The necessary remanufacturing process consists out of six steps. Following this the original handheld terminal was dismantled and all components were classified. The wearing and defective components had to be reproduced. For this purpose, a redesign was used. For every reproduced part the most economic manufacturing process was chosen. The generated results were used to manufacture a prototype of the upcycled handheld terminal. Also the supply chain for the remanufactured and upcycled handheld terminal was elaborated.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121032122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829855
B. Flipsen, C. Bakker, Guus van Bohemen
Repair is a way to extend the life of a product. In a circular economy where resource loops are closed to a maximum extent, repair belongs to the ‘inner loops’. Repairing a product is a way to preserve value by slowing down the product's economic devaluation. The aim of the paper is the development of a reparability indicator: a measure to determine the ease of repair of a product. The indicator is developed for self-repair: repair done in a noncommercial context, by laypersons who lack access to a specialized workshop. Given the large diversity of products on the market, it was decided to focus on consumer electronic products. The paper consists of two parts. The first part is a review of the literature on (design for) reparability of electronic products, and on the development of repair indicators. A commonly used reparability indicator was empirically tested with 25 Dutch participants. This part concludes that the currently available guidelines, criteria and indicators provide a valuable starting point, but tend to lack structure, clarity and organization. The second part of the paper highlights the development of an improved reparability indicator. The first step for this was to ‘crowdsource’ repair criteria from the MOOC Circular Economy: an Introduction, which ran from October – December on the edX platform. One of the assignments in the MOOC was the development of repair criteria. Almost 2000 discrete entries were analysed, grouped and structured into 26 repair criteria. These have been tested for consistency with a group of 46 students of TU Delft in March 2016. The paper will present the results of this test as well as the improved reparability indicator.
{"title":"Developing a reparability indicator for electronic products","authors":"B. Flipsen, C. Bakker, Guus van Bohemen","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829855","url":null,"abstract":"Repair is a way to extend the life of a product. In a circular economy where resource loops are closed to a maximum extent, repair belongs to the ‘inner loops’. Repairing a product is a way to preserve value by slowing down the product's economic devaluation. The aim of the paper is the development of a reparability indicator: a measure to determine the ease of repair of a product. The indicator is developed for self-repair: repair done in a noncommercial context, by laypersons who lack access to a specialized workshop. Given the large diversity of products on the market, it was decided to focus on consumer electronic products. The paper consists of two parts. The first part is a review of the literature on (design for) reparability of electronic products, and on the development of repair indicators. A commonly used reparability indicator was empirically tested with 25 Dutch participants. This part concludes that the currently available guidelines, criteria and indicators provide a valuable starting point, but tend to lack structure, clarity and organization. The second part of the paper highlights the development of an improved reparability indicator. The first step for this was to ‘crowdsource’ repair criteria from the MOOC Circular Economy: an Introduction, which ran from October – December on the edX platform. One of the assignments in the MOOC was the development of repair criteria. Almost 2000 discrete entries were analysed, grouped and structured into 26 repair criteria. These have been tested for consistency with a group of 46 students of TU Delft in March 2016. The paper will present the results of this test as well as the improved reparability indicator.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116086324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829831
V. Innocenzi, I. D. Michelis, Serena Sgarioto, D. Gotta, B. Kopacek, F. Vegliò
The research activities described in this manuscript were developed within HydroWEEE projects. These projects were funded by European Union in the ambit of 7 FP Work Program with the aim to develop innovative hydrometallurgical processes for the recovery of critical materials from waste electrical and electronic equipments as the fluorescent lamps and the cathode ray tubes. From recycling of them critical elements were recovered, in particular the rare earths. In the first phase of the project the hydrometallurgical processes for the recovery of yttrium was studied in laboratory and in the pilot plant. In the second phase the treatments were tested in the industrial scale, moreover the attention of researchers was focused on the implementation of the previous processes and made them more competitive increasing the fraction of recovered rare earths. Following the last experiences on laboratory scale for the recycling of lamps and cathode ray tubes were reported.
{"title":"Recovery of critical metals from lamps and CRTs","authors":"V. Innocenzi, I. D. Michelis, Serena Sgarioto, D. Gotta, B. Kopacek, F. Vegliò","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829831","url":null,"abstract":"The research activities described in this manuscript were developed within HydroWEEE projects. These projects were funded by European Union in the ambit of 7 FP Work Program with the aim to develop innovative hydrometallurgical processes for the recovery of critical materials from waste electrical and electronic equipments as the fluorescent lamps and the cathode ray tubes. From recycling of them critical elements were recovered, in particular the rare earths. In the first phase of the project the hydrometallurgical processes for the recovery of yttrium was studied in laboratory and in the pilot plant. In the second phase the treatments were tested in the industrial scale, moreover the attention of researchers was focused on the implementation of the previous processes and made them more competitive increasing the fraction of recovered rare earths. Following the last experiences on laboratory scale for the recycling of lamps and cathode ray tubes were reported.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124854290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829805
R. Hintemann, S. Beucker, J. Clausen, L. Stobbe, M. Proske, N. Nissen
The advancing digitization of all areas of the economy and society is generating significantly increasing demand for processing power. More and more data centers of ever larger size are being built worldwide, and their electricity consumption is constantly on the rise. Forecasts project a significant increase in the global electricity consumption of data centers in the next five years. The presentation discusses the development of data centers' energy consumption and energy efficiency, using the example of Germany. A recent study by Borderstep and Fraunhofer IZM for the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy shows that the electricity consumption of data centers in Germany grew by 15% to 12 billion kilowatt hours from 2010 to 2015. This was the case in spite of considerable efficiency gains in IT hardware and data center infrastructure. If the current trends in IT usage continue, German data centers' energy consumption will increase further and exceed 14 billion kWh in 2020. Reasons for this growth are in particular the increasing number of internet-enabled end-user devices and networked sensors. In addition, more and more processing is being shifted from end-user devices to data centers.
{"title":"Energy efficiency of data centers - a system-oriented analysis of current development trends","authors":"R. Hintemann, S. Beucker, J. Clausen, L. Stobbe, M. Proske, N. Nissen","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829805","url":null,"abstract":"The advancing digitization of all areas of the economy and society is generating significantly increasing demand for processing power. More and more data centers of ever larger size are being built worldwide, and their electricity consumption is constantly on the rise. Forecasts project a significant increase in the global electricity consumption of data centers in the next five years. The presentation discusses the development of data centers' energy consumption and energy efficiency, using the example of Germany. A recent study by Borderstep and Fraunhofer IZM for the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy shows that the electricity consumption of data centers in Germany grew by 15% to 12 billion kilowatt hours from 2010 to 2015. This was the case in spite of considerable efficiency gains in IT hardware and data center infrastructure. If the current trends in IT usage continue, German data centers' energy consumption will increase further and exceed 14 billion kWh in 2020. Reasons for this growth are in particular the increasing number of internet-enabled end-user devices and networked sensors. In addition, more and more processing is being shifted from end-user devices to data centers.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114805881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829837
A. Lima, T. Rocha, Marcos Pimentel, Luiz Feichas
In 2010 Brazil has instituted the national policy on solid waste (law 12.305/2010) that determines a set of principles and actions for the integrated management and environmentally appropriate of solid waste. To support WEEE recycling facilities to comply with national policy on solid waste, in 2013 the Information Technology Center Renato Archer (CTI), coordinated the creation of the Brazilian national standard “ABNT NBR 16156: Electrical and electronic equipment's waste - requirements for reverse manufacturing activity”. Furthermore, since 2015, supported by SIBRATEC, a Brazilian government program of technological extension, CTI has worked with small and medium sized enterprises of WEEE recycling, to help them suit the standard ABNT NBR 16156 requirements. This paper presents the technological efforts, of the Brazilian government, to support the WEEE recycling companies to comply the environmental sound practices, and thus, facilitate their participation in the reverse logistics system, regulated by the national policy on solid waste.
{"title":"The Brazilian government efforts to support electronic recycling facilities to comply with environmental sound practices","authors":"A. Lima, T. Rocha, Marcos Pimentel, Luiz Feichas","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829837","url":null,"abstract":"In 2010 Brazil has instituted the national policy on solid waste (law 12.305/2010) that determines a set of principles and actions for the integrated management and environmentally appropriate of solid waste. To support WEEE recycling facilities to comply with national policy on solid waste, in 2013 the Information Technology Center Renato Archer (CTI), coordinated the creation of the Brazilian national standard “ABNT NBR 16156: Electrical and electronic equipment's waste - requirements for reverse manufacturing activity”. Furthermore, since 2015, supported by SIBRATEC, a Brazilian government program of technological extension, CTI has worked with small and medium sized enterprises of WEEE recycling, to help them suit the standard ABNT NBR 16156 requirements. This paper presents the technological efforts, of the Brazilian government, to support the WEEE recycling companies to comply the environmental sound practices, and thus, facilitate their participation in the reverse logistics system, regulated by the national policy on solid waste.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"193 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115959333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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