Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829865
Charles M. Proian
As the “moral ID-Card” of an organization, the Corporate Social Responsibility report is maturing and stands today as one of its key standard documents. Much has changed about it. Its mission, language, dimensions, images, metrics, drivers, all bear witness to how the CSR is moving to reflect not only the evolving value set of the organization but also that of its audience, namely society as a whole. Today's society is sending messages to governments and business organizations about its widening expectations regarding social responsibility. The CSR is one of the echoes by which an institution, private or public, can provide a response about what it is doing in the social transformation journey, but is must be carefully crafted to be and to remain audible, right down to the themes addressed. The CSR must continue evolving if it is to have a future role in the dialog between organizations and their audiences.
{"title":"The changing CSR - evolving language, metrics and mission","authors":"Charles M. Proian","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829865","url":null,"abstract":"As the “moral ID-Card” of an organization, the Corporate Social Responsibility report is maturing and stands today as one of its key standard documents. Much has changed about it. Its mission, language, dimensions, images, metrics, drivers, all bear witness to how the CSR is moving to reflect not only the evolving value set of the organization but also that of its audience, namely society as a whole. Today's society is sending messages to governments and business organizations about its widening expectations regarding social responsibility. The CSR is one of the echoes by which an institution, private or public, can provide a response about what it is doing in the social transformation journey, but is must be carefully crafted to be and to remain audible, right down to the themes addressed. The CSR must continue evolving if it is to have a future role in the dialog between organizations and their audiences.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"205 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116381331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829852
M. Proske, Janis Winzer, M. Marwede, N. Nissen, K. Lang
Planned obsolescence has recently been a common allegation to manufacturers, but proof apart from isolated cases is missing. This paper analyses the situation for smartphones, looks at use- and lifetime of smartphones and the underlying reasons for their obsolescence. Surveys show that a majority of consumers believes in “planned obsolescence” as a fact on the market and would like to have more durable products. Regarding smartphones, broken screens and bad battery performance are often reported problems. At the same time, most phones are still functioning when being replaced after the average use time of two years. How do these two aspects combine? Short product cycles, new functionalities and features trigger replacement purchases (functional and psychological obsolescence) more strongly than broken devices. Necessary repair of products is expensive due to miniaturized product design, glued in batteries, and the limited availability of replacement parts (economical obsolescence). Besides, buying new products is often subsidized by provider contracts.
{"title":"Obsolescence of electronics - the example of smartphones","authors":"M. Proske, Janis Winzer, M. Marwede, N. Nissen, K. Lang","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829852","url":null,"abstract":"Planned obsolescence has recently been a common allegation to manufacturers, but proof apart from isolated cases is missing. This paper analyses the situation for smartphones, looks at use- and lifetime of smartphones and the underlying reasons for their obsolescence. Surveys show that a majority of consumers believes in “planned obsolescence” as a fact on the market and would like to have more durable products. Regarding smartphones, broken screens and bad battery performance are often reported problems. At the same time, most phones are still functioning when being replaced after the average use time of two years. How do these two aspects combine? Short product cycles, new functionalities and features trigger replacement purchases (functional and psychological obsolescence) more strongly than broken devices. Necessary repair of products is expensive due to miniaturized product design, glued in batteries, and the limited availability of replacement parts (economical obsolescence). Besides, buying new products is often subsidized by provider contracts.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126191827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829870
Michael Johnson, C. Fitzpatrick, J. Huisman
This paper presents work carried out to address the shortage of a reliable means for determining the future arisings of historic WEEE levels in Ireland. By using modelling techniques in conjunction with available databases, researchers were able to determine WEEE levels and historic WEEE percentages for Ireland over the period of 2000 to 2020. The data generation focused on those EEE types which contribute the largest amounts of WEEE each year by weight, namely the cooling, large domestic appliance and television WEEE categories and were the source of contention about the continued use of visible fees.
{"title":"Projecting the split between historic and non-historic WEEE in Ireland","authors":"Michael Johnson, C. Fitzpatrick, J. Huisman","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829870","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents work carried out to address the shortage of a reliable means for determining the future arisings of historic WEEE levels in Ireland. By using modelling techniques in conjunction with available databases, researchers were able to determine WEEE levels and historic WEEE percentages for Ireland over the period of 2000 to 2020. The data generation focused on those EEE types which contribute the largest amounts of WEEE each year by weight, namely the cooling, large domestic appliance and television WEEE categories and were the source of contention about the continued use of visible fees.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127005346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829828
Nicoleta Gurita, M. Fröhling, J. Bongaerts
Over time, through incremental innovation, mobile phones and smartphones have more and more functions, becoming indispensable for everyday life. This has several consequences, one of them being that users replace their mobile phones and smartphones at ever shorter time intervals, which in turn implies an increased demand for (critical and precious) metals needed for the production of mobile phones and smartphones. This leads to end-of-life mobile phones and smartphones constituting one of the fastest growing electrical and electronic equipment waste streams in the world. For example, in Germany, the collection rate is around 5%. The aim of this paper is to assess and evaluate the precious and critical metals content and monetary value as well as economic perspectives for mobile phones and smartphones recycling in Germany. As a result, present and future recycling potential for precious and critical metals in mobile phones and smartphones are explored for Germany.
{"title":"Future perspectives for WEEE recycling — Dynamic evaluation of the mobile phones and smartphones waste stream","authors":"Nicoleta Gurita, M. Fröhling, J. Bongaerts","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829828","url":null,"abstract":"Over time, through incremental innovation, mobile phones and smartphones have more and more functions, becoming indispensable for everyday life. This has several consequences, one of them being that users replace their mobile phones and smartphones at ever shorter time intervals, which in turn implies an increased demand for (critical and precious) metals needed for the production of mobile phones and smartphones. This leads to end-of-life mobile phones and smartphones constituting one of the fastest growing electrical and electronic equipment waste streams in the world. For example, in Germany, the collection rate is around 5%. The aim of this paper is to assess and evaluate the precious and critical metals content and monetary value as well as economic perspectives for mobile phones and smartphones recycling in Germany. As a result, present and future recycling potential for precious and critical metals in mobile phones and smartphones are explored for Germany.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127434655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829872
Rachel Horta Arduin, Carole Charbuillet, F. Berthoud, N. Perry
In France is estimated a generation of about 17 and 23 kg per year of WEEE per inhabitant. However, in 2014, the return rate for household WEEE reached only 38% of the total market input. The French regulation targets higher collection rates for the next years: 45% between 2016 and 2019, and 65% after 2019 of the total market input. The aim of this work was to quantify the real environmental benefits of improving the collection and treatment of WEEE in France by the life cycle assessment methodology. A mobile phone charger was selected as a case study, and three scenarios were assessed based on the actual collection rate and the future collection and recycling targets. For most impact categories, mainly due to the intensification on energy consumption and transport activities related to the recycling processes, the growth in collection rate leads to higher environmental impacts. However, when comparing the impact of end-of-life with the production of virgin materials, the benefits of increasing collection rates and recycling are evident.
{"title":"What are the environmental benefits of increasing the WEEE treatment in France?","authors":"Rachel Horta Arduin, Carole Charbuillet, F. Berthoud, N. Perry","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829872","url":null,"abstract":"In France is estimated a generation of about 17 and 23 kg per year of WEEE per inhabitant. However, in 2014, the return rate for household WEEE reached only 38% of the total market input. The French regulation targets higher collection rates for the next years: 45% between 2016 and 2019, and 65% after 2019 of the total market input. The aim of this work was to quantify the real environmental benefits of improving the collection and treatment of WEEE in France by the life cycle assessment methodology. A mobile phone charger was selected as a case study, and three scenarios were assessed based on the actual collection rate and the future collection and recycling targets. For most impact categories, mainly due to the intensification on energy consumption and transport activities related to the recycling processes, the growth in collection rate leads to higher environmental impacts. However, when comparing the impact of end-of-life with the production of virgin materials, the benefits of increasing collection rates and recycling are evident.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130733008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829815
R. Pamminger, Stefan Kuso, W. Wimmer, Gerhard Podhardsky
This paper will focus on a re-design process of a digital voice recorder in order to foster the reparability and to improve the reusability of parts, components, modules or the whole product. The purpose of the developed process and its application is not only to reduce the environmental impact but also to demonstrate the feasibility of implementing circular economy design aspects combined with an economic advantage for the manufacturers. This process consists of three main steps: the status analysis, the development of new product concepts and the product realization. This paper addresses the results of the status analysis, which includes a value analysis, an analysis of the reparability, a D4R-analysis and an environmental assessment of the reverence product — a digital voice recorder Philips DPM8000.
{"title":"Re-design of a digital voice recorder to meet the needs of circular economy — Status analysis","authors":"R. Pamminger, Stefan Kuso, W. Wimmer, Gerhard Podhardsky","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829815","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will focus on a re-design process of a digital voice recorder in order to foster the reparability and to improve the reusability of parts, components, modules or the whole product. The purpose of the developed process and its application is not only to reduce the environmental impact but also to demonstrate the feasibility of implementing circular economy design aspects combined with an economic advantage for the manufacturers. This process consists of three main steps: the status analysis, the development of new product concepts and the product realization. This paper addresses the results of the status analysis, which includes a value analysis, an analysis of the reparability, a D4R-analysis and an environmental assessment of the reverence product — a digital voice recorder Philips DPM8000.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115160593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829851
Esther Thiébaud, M. Peskova, L. Hilty, M. Schluep, M. Faulstich
Product lifetimes and disposal pathways are essential aspects of dynamic material flow analyses (MFAs), which have often been used to model stocks and flows of electronic devices and the resources they contain. Existing studies mainly focus on the use and disposal of electronic devices by private consumers. The specific handling of business devices has rarely been assessed. This article presents the results of a study conducted in Switzerland in 2015, comprising interviews with 28 companies. Devices included are desktop and laptop computers, mobile phones, monitors, televisions, external hard disk drives and servers. Results are compared to data collected from Swiss private consumers. The service lifetime and disposal pathways are fed into a dynamic MFA model to calculate the stocks and flows of business devices. With the example of indium, neodymium and gold, the material resources contained in these stocks and flows are illustrated.
{"title":"Service lifetime and disposal pathways of business devices","authors":"Esther Thiébaud, M. Peskova, L. Hilty, M. Schluep, M. Faulstich","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829851","url":null,"abstract":"Product lifetimes and disposal pathways are essential aspects of dynamic material flow analyses (MFAs), which have often been used to model stocks and flows of electronic devices and the resources they contain. Existing studies mainly focus on the use and disposal of electronic devices by private consumers. The specific handling of business devices has rarely been assessed. This article presents the results of a study conducted in Switzerland in 2015, comprising interviews with 28 companies. Devices included are desktop and laptop computers, mobile phones, monitors, televisions, external hard disk drives and servers. Results are compared to data collected from Swiss private consumers. The service lifetime and disposal pathways are fed into a dynamic MFA model to calculate the stocks and flows of business devices. With the example of indium, neodymium and gold, the material resources contained in these stocks and flows are illustrated.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116356824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829858
N. Nissen, L. Stobbe, H. Zedel, K. Schischke, K. Lang
To set the stage for the conference it is of interest to take a look back in order to try a look forward at potential upcoming research trends. For this purpose research topics addressed in Electronics Goes Green conferences since 2000 are quantitatively investigated with a keyword density analysis. The focus is on analysing the development of research topic clusters over time providing an expert review of selected topics to fathom cause and effect. A topic cycle at conferences may end because the underlying problem has been solved, is regarded as unsolvable or has been superseded. This cannot be analysed from numerical records alone but needs access to experienced experts active during the time investigated. Note that this is an extension of a previous conference presentation without an accessible publication record.
{"title":"A review of green electronics research trends","authors":"N. Nissen, L. Stobbe, H. Zedel, K. Schischke, K. Lang","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829858","url":null,"abstract":"To set the stage for the conference it is of interest to take a look back in order to try a look forward at potential upcoming research trends. For this purpose research topics addressed in Electronics Goes Green conferences since 2000 are quantitatively investigated with a keyword density analysis. The focus is on analysing the development of research topic clusters over time providing an expert review of selected topics to fathom cause and effect. A topic cycle at conferences may end because the underlying problem has been solved, is regarded as unsolvable or has been superseded. This cannot be analysed from numerical records alone but needs access to experienced experts active during the time investigated. Note that this is an extension of a previous conference presentation without an accessible publication record.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128737566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829808
Sebastian Porombka
This paper presents a field study investigating the usage, configuration changes regarding end-devices, power consumption and bandwidth usage of the campus-wide local network, including observations of negotiated link speeds and fluctuations of our clients. On this basis, the publication includes a first model of a usage-driven optimization by switch-side bandwidth throttling. In our approach we examine the network usage, prognose a future link usage of the switch interface and force the link to a lower speed and power consumption when possible. The problem of felt degraded service quality by link loss while re-negotiation is tolerated.
{"title":"Energy Efficient Ethernet in practice","authors":"Sebastian Porombka","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829808","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a field study investigating the usage, configuration changes regarding end-devices, power consumption and bandwidth usage of the campus-wide local network, including observations of negotiated link speeds and fluctuations of our clients. On this basis, the publication includes a first model of a usage-driven optimization by switch-side bandwidth throttling. In our approach we examine the network usage, prognose a future link usage of the switch interface and force the link to a lower speed and power consumption when possible. The problem of felt degraded service quality by link loss while re-negotiation is tolerated.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127823749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EGG.2016.7829829
M. En, Z. Chenglong, B. Jianfeng, Wang Jingwei
In this study, a technology process including wet grinding, sieving and vacuum separation was proposed to recycle materials from waste liquid crystal display panel (LCDP). A wet crusher was used to break the glass and polarizing film of LCDP into granule first. Most liquid crystal molecules (94.10 wt. %) would be cleaned from LCDP under the impact of crusher and stayed in water. When the particle size of solid granule is less than 0.18 mm, the composition is pure glass, which accounted for 69.97 wt. % of the total granule. Pure polarizing film presents at more than 0.80 mm of particle size, which accounted for 11.47 wt. % of the total granule. The granule between 0.18∼0.80 mm, which contains glass and polarizing film bonded together, would be sent back to crusher to dissociate again. The glass part of LCDP contains indium of 219 ppm. Vacuum carbothermal reduction was employed to recycle indium from the glass part of LCDP. Based on the orthogonal optimization experiment, the optimal parameters were 950 °C, 30 min, 30 wt. % carbon adding amount and 1 Pa. Indium can be separated from the indium tin oxide (ITO) of glass part selectively. The recovery ratio of indium was 93 wt. %. During the physical process, all the valuable materials including indium, glass and organic materials can be recycled efficiently and eco-friendly, and there are no hazardous materials produced.
{"title":"A green method for recycling materials from liquid crystal display panel","authors":"M. En, Z. Chenglong, B. Jianfeng, Wang Jingwei","doi":"10.1109/EGG.2016.7829829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EGG.2016.7829829","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a technology process including wet grinding, sieving and vacuum separation was proposed to recycle materials from waste liquid crystal display panel (LCDP). A wet crusher was used to break the glass and polarizing film of LCDP into granule first. Most liquid crystal molecules (94.10 wt. %) would be cleaned from LCDP under the impact of crusher and stayed in water. When the particle size of solid granule is less than 0.18 mm, the composition is pure glass, which accounted for 69.97 wt. % of the total granule. Pure polarizing film presents at more than 0.80 mm of particle size, which accounted for 11.47 wt. % of the total granule. The granule between 0.18∼0.80 mm, which contains glass and polarizing film bonded together, would be sent back to crusher to dissociate again. The glass part of LCDP contains indium of 219 ppm. Vacuum carbothermal reduction was employed to recycle indium from the glass part of LCDP. Based on the orthogonal optimization experiment, the optimal parameters were 950 °C, 30 min, 30 wt. % carbon adding amount and 1 Pa. Indium can be separated from the indium tin oxide (ITO) of glass part selectively. The recovery ratio of indium was 93 wt. %. During the physical process, all the valuable materials including indium, glass and organic materials can be recycled efficiently and eco-friendly, and there are no hazardous materials produced.","PeriodicalId":187870,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133708122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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