Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1177/2631684619885778
Pralok Gupta
Abstract Given the growing importance of services in Indian economy as well as in international trade, India has offensive interests in services and these are becoming an important part of India’s effort to economically integrate with global economies including Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). This article analyses India’s economic integration with the ASEAN region in services trade and discusses how India’s services trade interests are taken into consideration by ASEAN members in their free trade agreements with India. It also discusses services-related aspects in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership agreement, a proposed free trade agreement among ASEAN and its six FTA partners including India, from which India has decided to opt-out recently. JEL Codes: F13, F14, F15
{"title":"India’s Economic Integration in Services with ASEAN: From Bilateral FTAs to RCEP","authors":"Pralok Gupta","doi":"10.1177/2631684619885778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2631684619885778","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Given the growing importance of services in Indian economy as well as in international trade, India has offensive interests in services and these are becoming an important part of India’s effort to economically integrate with global economies including Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). This article analyses India’s economic integration with the ASEAN region in services trade and discusses how India’s services trade interests are taken into consideration by ASEAN members in their free trade agreements with India. It also discusses services-related aspects in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership agreement, a proposed free trade agreement among ASEAN and its six FTA partners including India, from which India has decided to opt-out recently. JEL Codes: F13, F14, F15","PeriodicalId":188097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economic Integration","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125491118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1177/2631684619891464
Durairaj Kumarasamy
wage gap between enterprises. The last chapter of the book, Chapter 14, explores the sources of income inequality in rural China from 1994 to 2014. This study explains how rural dual structural transformation leads to an inverted-U curve after the 1980s. The rural duality declined gradually with the expansion of nonagricultural employment and income in Tianjin unlike Shandonh or other parts of China. In contrast, in most rural areas of China and Shandong, despite residents’ choice to work in township enterprises or to be migrant workers, their nonagricultural income contributes to improving the level of total income and bags inequality. The dual transformation will affect and change the sectoral labour force participation rate and the within-sector income inequality, which further influences the income inequality to go up or down. Rising inequality in income itself is not the only dimension of development, but it also has consequences for governments’ efforts to control poverty, sustain growth, and maintain social cohesion. Therefore, appropriate policy measures are the only treatment. This book has covered the current inequality scenario in Asia as a whole and also gives country case studies to understand the differentials and determinants of the rising inequality. It has data, measures, and recommendations to initiate appropriate policy, which can create equality of opportunity, equal access to public goods and services, and improve the quality of institutions and governance, which is very much needed across the region in the context of social cohesion. The book has highlighted that rising inequality exists due to unequal distribution of resource endowments, public infrastructure, and economic activities, and major reform is needed in the rural, education, and employment sectors to prevent this inequality from rising. It can be hoped that this volume will inform and initiate intense policy debates for tackling the challenges of rising inequality in Asia.
{"title":"Kishore Mahubani and Jeffery Sng (Eds), The ASEAN Miracle: A Catalyst for Peace","authors":"Durairaj Kumarasamy","doi":"10.1177/2631684619891464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2631684619891464","url":null,"abstract":"wage gap between enterprises. The last chapter of the book, Chapter 14, explores the sources of income inequality in rural China from 1994 to 2014. This study explains how rural dual structural transformation leads to an inverted-U curve after the 1980s. The rural duality declined gradually with the expansion of nonagricultural employment and income in Tianjin unlike Shandonh or other parts of China. In contrast, in most rural areas of China and Shandong, despite residents’ choice to work in township enterprises or to be migrant workers, their nonagricultural income contributes to improving the level of total income and bags inequality. The dual transformation will affect and change the sectoral labour force participation rate and the within-sector income inequality, which further influences the income inequality to go up or down. Rising inequality in income itself is not the only dimension of development, but it also has consequences for governments’ efforts to control poverty, sustain growth, and maintain social cohesion. Therefore, appropriate policy measures are the only treatment. This book has covered the current inequality scenario in Asia as a whole and also gives country case studies to understand the differentials and determinants of the rising inequality. It has data, measures, and recommendations to initiate appropriate policy, which can create equality of opportunity, equal access to public goods and services, and improve the quality of institutions and governance, which is very much needed across the region in the context of social cohesion. The book has highlighted that rising inequality exists due to unequal distribution of resource endowments, public infrastructure, and economic activities, and major reform is needed in the rural, education, and employment sectors to prevent this inequality from rising. It can be hoped that this volume will inform and initiate intense policy debates for tackling the challenges of rising inequality in Asia.","PeriodicalId":188097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economic Integration","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127225342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1177/2631684619894102
Masami Ishida
Abstract The government of China promotes the development of expressways and high-speed expressways in Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) and tries to connect the major cities of the subregion and Kunming under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). First, this article reviews the development schemes in the subregion including GMS economic cooperation and the BRI. Next, it introduces the development of the transport infrastructure, including expressways and high-speed railways, connecting Kunming and Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), Thailand, Myanmar and Vietnam. Thereafter, it compares the total costs of the projects and how other GMS countries negotiate with China. Seeing the sections of the expressways and railways in Yunnan Province, the shares of some sections occupied by bridges and tunnels are higher than 20 per cent due to the mountainous land feature of Yunnan Province. On the other hand, the railway in Lao PDR passes through the mountainous areas, and they adopted higher specification as same as in Yunnan Province. Consequently, the debt-default risk of Lao PDR has increased. On the other hand, Thailand repeated tough negotiations with China and made efforts not to increase the total cost. The negotiations of Lao PDR and Thailand with China are illustrated in this article. JEL Codes: O18, R10, R41, R58
{"title":"GMS Economic Corridors Under the Belt and Road Initiative","authors":"Masami Ishida","doi":"10.1177/2631684619894102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2631684619894102","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The government of China promotes the development of expressways and high-speed expressways in Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) and tries to connect the major cities of the subregion and Kunming under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). First, this article reviews the development schemes in the subregion including GMS economic cooperation and the BRI. Next, it introduces the development of the transport infrastructure, including expressways and high-speed railways, connecting Kunming and Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), Thailand, Myanmar and Vietnam. Thereafter, it compares the total costs of the projects and how other GMS countries negotiate with China. Seeing the sections of the expressways and railways in Yunnan Province, the shares of some sections occupied by bridges and tunnels are higher than 20 per cent due to the mountainous land feature of Yunnan Province. On the other hand, the railway in Lao PDR passes through the mountainous areas, and they adopted higher specification as same as in Yunnan Province. Consequently, the debt-default risk of Lao PDR has increased. On the other hand, Thailand repeated tough negotiations with China and made efforts not to increase the total cost. The negotiations of Lao PDR and Thailand with China are illustrated in this article. JEL Codes: O18, R10, R41, R58","PeriodicalId":188097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economic Integration","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114910587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1177/2631684619883443
Sineenat Sermcheep
Abstract Based on the panel data from 1980 to 2014, this article examines the effect of services export on economic growth in the ASEAN countries. The results show that there has been evidence of services export-led growth in ASEAN during the past decades. The services export data are disaggregated into modern and traditional services exports, and the estimations show that both exports contribute to the GDP growth with the less strong positive effect from the modern services exports. The goods export, conventional engine of growth, also maintains its significant and robust role as the growth-enhancing factor for ASEAN. In the period of a slow growth of goods exports and the direction of the growth policy towards services-oriented sector, the services exports have become increasingly significant as a new engine of growth, which also complement to the existing growth engine. JEL Codes: F43, O4
{"title":"Services Export and Economic Growth in ASEAN Countries","authors":"Sineenat Sermcheep","doi":"10.1177/2631684619883443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2631684619883443","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Based on the panel data from 1980 to 2014, this article examines the effect of services export on economic growth in the ASEAN countries. The results show that there has been evidence of services export-led growth in ASEAN during the past decades. The services export data are disaggregated into modern and traditional services exports, and the estimations show that both exports contribute to the GDP growth with the less strong positive effect from the modern services exports. The goods export, conventional engine of growth, also maintains its significant and robust role as the growth-enhancing factor for ASEAN. In the period of a slow growth of goods exports and the direction of the growth policy towards services-oriented sector, the services exports have become increasingly significant as a new engine of growth, which also complement to the existing growth engine. JEL Codes: F43, O4","PeriodicalId":188097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economic Integration","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126964640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1177/2631684619882811
C. U. T. Sundari
positive processes within ASEAN that need to be nurtured and strengthened. The authors also made major recommendations from this book. They proposed that ASEAN should bring in long-term shift from the government to the people. Second, they suggested that the ASEAN organisation should grow and improve administrative capabilities. Third, they endorsed that we should promote ASEAN as a new beacon of humanity. In summing up, this book embarks on an interesting journey of ASEAN. It gives hope and optimistic perspective for developing countries in achieving regional integration like ASEAN, which has remarkable diversity in culture, religion, linguistic and civilisational differences. This book will be of interest to diplomats, scholars, researchers, industry stakeholders and policymakers with an interest in knowing more about ASEAN.
{"title":"Asian Development Bank, Asian Economic Integration Report 2018 Toward Optimal Provision of Regional Public Goods in Asia and the Pacific","authors":"C. U. T. Sundari","doi":"10.1177/2631684619882811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2631684619882811","url":null,"abstract":"positive processes within ASEAN that need to be nurtured and strengthened. The authors also made major recommendations from this book. They proposed that ASEAN should bring in long-term shift from the government to the people. Second, they suggested that the ASEAN organisation should grow and improve administrative capabilities. Third, they endorsed that we should promote ASEAN as a new beacon of humanity. In summing up, this book embarks on an interesting journey of ASEAN. It gives hope and optimistic perspective for developing countries in achieving regional integration like ASEAN, which has remarkable diversity in culture, religion, linguistic and civilisational differences. This book will be of interest to diplomats, scholars, researchers, industry stakeholders and policymakers with an interest in knowing more about ASEAN.","PeriodicalId":188097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economic Integration","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127805298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1177/2631684619882839
Sunetra Ghatak
{"title":"Bihong Huang, Peter J. Morgan, and Naoyuki Yoshino (Eds), Demystifying Rising Inequality in Asia","authors":"Sunetra Ghatak","doi":"10.1177/2631684619882839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2631684619882839","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":188097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economic Integration","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133386397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1177/2631684619883079
J. Joseph, K. Hari
Abstract The countries involved in the ASEAN–India Free Trade Agreement (AIFTA) are major producers/exporters of tropical commodities including natural rubber (NR). India is the sixth largest producer and second largest consumer of NR in the world. The country is also a major importer of NR and exporter of rubber products. The import of NR worth US$ 785.44 million and export earnings of rubber products worth US $244.17 million from ASEAN region during the year 2017–18 indicated the importance of AIFTA in the rubber sector of India. Therefore, an in-depth analysis on the pattern and specialisation of rubber and rubber products exported from India is done using trade indicators such as revealed comparative advantage, regional orientation, intra-industry trade and Galtonian regression. The results indicate no considerable change after the establishment of AIFTA in the pattern and specialisation in exports of rubber and rubber products from India to ASEAN.
{"title":"Market Orientation and Export Performance under ASEAN–India Free Trade Agreement: The Case of India’s Rubber and Rubber Products","authors":"J. Joseph, K. Hari","doi":"10.1177/2631684619883079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2631684619883079","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The countries involved in the ASEAN–India Free Trade Agreement (AIFTA) are major producers/exporters of tropical commodities including natural rubber (NR). India is the sixth largest producer and second largest consumer of NR in the world. The country is also a major importer of NR and exporter of rubber products. The import of NR worth US$ 785.44 million and export earnings of rubber products worth US $244.17 million from ASEAN region during the year 2017–18 indicated the importance of AIFTA in the rubber sector of India. Therefore, an in-depth analysis on the pattern and specialisation of rubber and rubber products exported from India is done using trade indicators such as revealed comparative advantage, regional orientation, intra-industry trade and Galtonian regression. The results indicate no considerable change after the establishment of AIFTA in the pattern and specialisation in exports of rubber and rubber products from India to ASEAN.","PeriodicalId":188097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economic Integration","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134537793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1177/2631684619882864
S. Jagdambe, S. Mouzam
Abstract This article examines the impact of ASEAN–India Free Trade Agreement on India’s special products categories, namely, coffee, tea and pepper based on partial equilibrium model. The Software for Market Analysis and Restrictive Trade (SMART) model has been used to estimate the trade creation (TC) and trade diversion (TD) effect, revenue effect and welfare effect for the above-mentioned commodities. The results from the SMART simulation analysis indicate that the increase in trade for both the scenarios is mainly driven by TC rather than TD. Further, the study also assesses how the total trade effect is distributed across the major ASEAN countries for each commodity and found that Indonesia and Vietnam are the biggest gainers in terms of TC effect in both the scenarios. JEL Classification: F13, F15, Q1
{"title":"Evaluating the Trade, Revenue and Welfare Implication of Plantation Crops under ASEAN–India FTA","authors":"S. Jagdambe, S. Mouzam","doi":"10.1177/2631684619882864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2631684619882864","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines the impact of ASEAN–India Free Trade Agreement on India’s special products categories, namely, coffee, tea and pepper based on partial equilibrium model. The Software for Market Analysis and Restrictive Trade (SMART) model has been used to estimate the trade creation (TC) and trade diversion (TD) effect, revenue effect and welfare effect for the above-mentioned commodities. The results from the SMART simulation analysis indicate that the increase in trade for both the scenarios is mainly driven by TC rather than TD. Further, the study also assesses how the total trade effect is distributed across the major ASEAN countries for each commodity and found that Indonesia and Vietnam are the biggest gainers in terms of TC effect in both the scenarios. JEL Classification: F13, F15, Q1","PeriodicalId":188097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economic Integration","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121548419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-18DOI: 10.1177/2631684619883041
S. Pohit, D. Gupta, Devender Pratap, Sameer Malik
Abstract In today’s world, economic climate changes more quickly, and countries realise that globalisation has made the world small and more competitive. Also, customers seek products and services that can respond to their specific needs, and firms make effort to create competitive advantages to keep their profit and market share. All of the above trends lead firms and countries to focus on efficient logistics system. In this context, almost all developed economies and a few emerging economies estimate national logistics cost on a regular basis to understand the efficiency of their logistics system. This article makes an attempt to survey the literature on logistics cost estimation with special emphasis from the perspective of a developing country like India where estimation is a challenge due to limitation of data. JEL Codes: D57, E23, P44
{"title":"Survey of Literature on Measuring Logistics Cost: A Developing Country’s Perspective","authors":"S. Pohit, D. Gupta, Devender Pratap, Sameer Malik","doi":"10.1177/2631684619883041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2631684619883041","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In today’s world, economic climate changes more quickly, and countries realise that globalisation has made the world small and more competitive. Also, customers seek products and services that can respond to their specific needs, and firms make effort to create competitive advantages to keep their profit and market share. All of the above trends lead firms and countries to focus on efficient logistics system. In this context, almost all developed economies and a few emerging economies estimate national logistics cost on a regular basis to understand the efficiency of their logistics system. This article makes an attempt to survey the literature on logistics cost estimation with special emphasis from the perspective of a developing country like India where estimation is a challenge due to limitation of data. JEL Codes: D57, E23, P44","PeriodicalId":188097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economic Integration","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124279365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-06DOI: 10.1177/2631684618821568
Youngho Chang, Justin Lee, Wei Xiang Ang, Jing Yi Chua
Abstract Energy market integration (EMI) in the ASEAN through the ASEAN Power Grid (APG) is considered to improve the welfare of the economy. In the simulation analyses of cross-border power trading, charging only a tariff as a function of the distance transmitted as access costs appears to ignore the effect of a marginal change in demand or supply from consumers and generators, respectively, on the transmission grid. This, in turn, leads to a poor signal to the market, making suboptimal decisions by economic agents. This study aims to analyse how the locational marginal pricing (LMP) of transmission losses influences an optimal energy mix and energy trading in the ASEAN and derive policy implications for completing the APG. Energy trading with the LMP mechanism of transmission losses appears to provide benefits to the countries under the APG as the total cost of electricity generation declines when power trade increases among ASEAN countries. The underpinnings of positive results strongly suggest that ASEAN member countries seriously consider enhancing grid interconnection to realise the efficiency of power trading infrastructure. JEL Codes: F15, O13, Q49
{"title":"Energy Market Integration in ASEAN: Locational Marginal Pricing and Welfare Implications","authors":"Youngho Chang, Justin Lee, Wei Xiang Ang, Jing Yi Chua","doi":"10.1177/2631684618821568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2631684618821568","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Energy market integration (EMI) in the ASEAN through the ASEAN Power Grid (APG) is considered to improve the welfare of the economy. In the simulation analyses of cross-border power trading, charging only a tariff as a function of the distance transmitted as access costs appears to ignore the effect of a marginal change in demand or supply from consumers and generators, respectively, on the transmission grid. This, in turn, leads to a poor signal to the market, making suboptimal decisions by economic agents. This study aims to analyse how the locational marginal pricing (LMP) of transmission losses influences an optimal energy mix and energy trading in the ASEAN and derive policy implications for completing the APG. Energy trading with the LMP mechanism of transmission losses appears to provide benefits to the countries under the APG as the total cost of electricity generation declines when power trade increases among ASEAN countries. The underpinnings of positive results strongly suggest that ASEAN member countries seriously consider enhancing grid interconnection to realise the efficiency of power trading infrastructure. JEL Codes: F15, O13, Q49","PeriodicalId":188097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economic Integration","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125415198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：