Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.1177/2631684620982426
Jyoti
After the collapse of the fixed exchange rate system of Bretton Woods, the fluctuations of exchange rate and its impact on macroeconomic performance and trade in countries around the world are becoming an increasing debate among researchers and policymakers. This study empirically investigates whether fluctuations in real exchange rate may affect real exports in the Indian context. The study has employed autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound test procedure to analyse the long-run relationship among variables using quarterly data from 2005Q1 to 2017Q4. The results of the ARDL bound test reveal that real exports are cointegrated with relative prices, real exchange rate volatility and world real GDP. The study has found negative but insignificant impact of exchange rate volatility on exports, but world GDP as a proxy of foreign economic activity and real effective exchange rate as relative prices have positive and statistically significant impact on Indian manufacturing exports. Further, the ARDL short-run error correction model implies that while the model may temporarily deviate from its long-run equilibrium, the deviations adjust towards the equilibrium level in the long run. JEL Codes: F01, F31, F14
{"title":"Impact of Exchange Rate Fluctuations on India’s Manufacturing Exports: An Empirical Investigation on Long-Run Relation","authors":"Jyoti","doi":"10.1177/2631684620982426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2631684620982426","url":null,"abstract":"After the collapse of the fixed exchange rate system of Bretton Woods, the fluctuations of exchange rate and its impact on macroeconomic performance and trade in countries around the world are becoming an increasing debate among researchers and policymakers. This study empirically investigates whether fluctuations in real exchange rate may affect real exports in the Indian context. The study has employed autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound test procedure to analyse the long-run relationship among variables using quarterly data from 2005Q1 to 2017Q4. The results of the ARDL bound test reveal that real exports are cointegrated with relative prices, real exchange rate volatility and world real GDP. The study has found negative but insignificant impact of exchange rate volatility on exports, but world GDP as a proxy of foreign economic activity and real effective exchange rate as relative prices have positive and statistically significant impact on Indian manufacturing exports. Further, the ARDL short-run error correction model implies that while the model may temporarily deviate from its long-run equilibrium, the deviations adjust towards the equilibrium level in the long run. JEL Codes: F01, F31, F14","PeriodicalId":188097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economic Integration","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121646444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.1177/2631684620982776
B. Detenber
The city state of Singapore has a long history of social engineering efforts, yet only recently have social scientists and civil servants started to use behavioural insights (BI) to create ‘nudges’ and integrate them into the daily lives of citizens. Colloquially known as a nanny state for its extensive social programmes and sometimes heavy-handed approach to guiding social behaviour, Singapore is often regarded favourably by its neighbours in terms of its cleanliness, efficiency, and productivity. Yet how it manages its populace and the restrictions it imposes on unwanted behaviours are sometimes viewed sceptically by others in Asia and the West. Thus, many in the Singapore Civil Service have come to see nudging as a less coercive way to promote social welfare and well-being. This article reviews some of the latest actions in three areas: finance, health, and the environment. In discussing the range of nudging practices, their effectiveness will be assessed and some of the implications for society and individuals will be addressed. To the extent that Singapore can be considered a bellwether or harbinger, its use of nudges may offer a glimpse of what lies ahead for other countries in the region. JEL codes: E70, O35
{"title":"Nudging in Singapore: Current Implementation in Three Key Areas","authors":"B. Detenber","doi":"10.1177/2631684620982776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2631684620982776","url":null,"abstract":"The city state of Singapore has a long history of social engineering efforts, yet only recently have social scientists and civil servants started to use behavioural insights (BI) to create ‘nudges’ and integrate them into the daily lives of citizens. Colloquially known as a nanny state for its extensive social programmes and sometimes heavy-handed approach to guiding social behaviour, Singapore is often regarded favourably by its neighbours in terms of its cleanliness, efficiency, and productivity. Yet how it manages its populace and the restrictions it imposes on unwanted behaviours are sometimes viewed sceptically by others in Asia and the West. Thus, many in the Singapore Civil Service have come to see nudging as a less coercive way to promote social welfare and well-being. This article reviews some of the latest actions in three areas: finance, health, and the environment. In discussing the range of nudging practices, their effectiveness will be assessed and some of the implications for society and individuals will be addressed. To the extent that Singapore can be considered a bellwether or harbinger, its use of nudges may offer a glimpse of what lies ahead for other countries in the region. JEL codes: E70, O35","PeriodicalId":188097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economic Integration","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133886024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.1177/2631684621990114
P. De
{"title":"Suthiphand Chirathivat, Buddhagarn Rutchatorn, and Anupama Devendrakumar (eds), China’s Rise in Mainland ASEAN: New Dynamics and Changing Landscape","authors":"P. De","doi":"10.1177/2631684621990114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2631684621990114","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":188097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economic Integration","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129594139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.1177/2631684621989809
R. Aggarwal
This article tries to analyse country-level variations in the selected Asian developing economies in terms of their growth path and their position in the process of structural transformation in the recent decades, by estimating the turning point (TP) for each country. It also examines the magnitude of the contribution of intersectoral shifts and within-sector productivity gains in the economy-wide labour productivity growth by conducting the shift-share analysis. The results of turning point (TP) estimation show that all these countries had achieved their turning points except the Philippines between 1980 and 2018. However, the productivity increase in agriculture is not evident as their GAP in the year when TP would have been achieved is not even near to zero. Further, the shift-share analysis highlights the contribution of within-sector productivity growth is relatively more than that of intersectoral shifts of labour. Thus, the main concern is to make sure that there is a steady intersectoral movement of labour from low productive to high productive sectors, which can be done primarily through expanding the productive sectors (industry and services) to generate employment opportunities. Also, equally important is increasing the productivity of the agricultural sector so that the process of structural transformation could happen smoothly. For this, the public and private investments in R&D of both agriculture and non-agriculture sectors are highly crucial.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Structural Transformation Process of Selected Asian Developing Economies","authors":"R. Aggarwal","doi":"10.1177/2631684621989809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2631684621989809","url":null,"abstract":"This article tries to analyse country-level variations in the selected Asian developing economies in terms of their growth path and their position in the process of structural transformation in the recent decades, by estimating the turning point (TP) for each country. It also examines the magnitude of the contribution of intersectoral shifts and within-sector productivity gains in the economy-wide labour productivity growth by conducting the shift-share analysis. The results of turning point (TP) estimation show that all these countries had achieved their turning points except the Philippines between 1980 and 2018. However, the productivity increase in agriculture is not evident as their GAP in the year when TP would have been achieved is not even near to zero. Further, the shift-share analysis highlights the contribution of within-sector productivity growth is relatively more than that of intersectoral shifts of labour. Thus, the main concern is to make sure that there is a steady intersectoral movement of labour from low productive to high productive sectors, which can be done primarily through expanding the productive sectors (industry and services) to generate employment opportunities. Also, equally important is increasing the productivity of the agricultural sector so that the process of structural transformation could happen smoothly. For this, the public and private investments in R&D of both agriculture and non-agriculture sectors are highly crucial.","PeriodicalId":188097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economic Integration","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133132665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.1177/2631684620982130
Gargi Basu
intellectually stimulating. The book also provides several future research paths. However, on the first pick, the title ‘Ways to achieve green Asia’ may be a little misleading, though trade is a major cause of environmental degradation and should be addressed to achieve green Asia. While the relationship between trade and environment is relatively understood, it would have been more interesting had one of the chapters delved into the equity and inclusion issues in trade, environment and climate change. Similarly, along with climate change, other international commitments, like the Sustainable Development Goals and Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, that reflect social dimensions must have been included. Besides, the chapters are silent on the quantification of direct benefit transfer to the community in terms of technology or finance. The book is eclectic in its approach but must be viewed regarding trade and the environment only.
{"title":"Naoko Nemoto and Peter J. Morgan (eds), Environmental, Social, And Governance Investment: Opportunities and Risks for Asia","authors":"Gargi Basu","doi":"10.1177/2631684620982130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2631684620982130","url":null,"abstract":"intellectually stimulating. The book also provides several future research paths. However, on the first pick, the title ‘Ways to achieve green Asia’ may be a little misleading, though trade is a major cause of environmental degradation and should be addressed to achieve green Asia. While the relationship between trade and environment is relatively understood, it would have been more interesting had one of the chapters delved into the equity and inclusion issues in trade, environment and climate change. Similarly, along with climate change, other international commitments, like the Sustainable Development Goals and Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, that reflect social dimensions must have been included. Besides, the chapters are silent on the quantification of direct benefit transfer to the community in terms of technology or finance. The book is eclectic in its approach but must be viewed regarding trade and the environment only.","PeriodicalId":188097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economic Integration","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124978666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.1177/2631684620982131
Pratima Yadav
It is evident that population ageing1 has been recognised by both the developed and emerging economies, and its repercussions on the economy and society have taken the centre stage of the discussion. More recently, this phenomenon was among the pivotal discussion points at the G20 summit. In view of G20 interests, ADBI (Asian Development Bank Institute) came up with a report on ageing to address the issues and concerns of the G20 countries. It is a well-researched document and the first of its kind, particularly in the context of G20 countries. This report covers various aspects—demographic dynamics, macroeconomic challenges, savings, investment and labour productivity, social security, fiscal and financial policies of the nations—of ageing in both the developed and developing countries. The discussion is broadly categorised into three groups in this review: (i) Demographic Transition and the Ageing Society; (ii) Economic Implications of an Ageing Population; and (iii) Effective Response to the Ageing World and the Way Forward.
{"title":"Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), Ageing Societies: Policies and Prospective","authors":"Pratima Yadav","doi":"10.1177/2631684620982131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2631684620982131","url":null,"abstract":"It is evident that population ageing1 has been recognised by both the developed and emerging economies, and its repercussions on the economy and society have taken the centre stage of the discussion. More recently, this phenomenon was among the pivotal discussion points at the G20 summit. In view of G20 interests, ADBI (Asian Development Bank Institute) came up with a report on ageing to address the issues and concerns of the G20 countries. It is a well-researched document and the first of its kind, particularly in the context of G20 countries. This report covers various aspects—demographic dynamics, macroeconomic challenges, savings, investment and labour productivity, social security, fiscal and financial policies of the nations—of ageing in both the developed and developing countries. The discussion is broadly categorised into three groups in this review: (i) Demographic Transition and the Ageing Society; (ii) Economic Implications of an Ageing Population; and (iii) Effective Response to the Ageing World and the Way Forward.","PeriodicalId":188097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economic Integration","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114562347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.1177/2631684620982129
Swati Sulgana
{"title":"Bihong Huang and Eden Yu (eds), Ways to Achieve Green Asia","authors":"Swati Sulgana","doi":"10.1177/2631684620982129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2631684620982129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":188097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economic Integration","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126833922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.1177/2631684620982775
J. P. Sahu, S. Dash
This article examines the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to five economies of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) for the period 1985–2017. Using the fixed effects quantile regression (QR) method, we identify the differential effects of the covariates across the conditional distribution of FDI inflows. The results suggest that financial sector development and natural resources in the host country are the most significant determinants of FDI inflows to the ASEAN region. Financial sector development is significant at both higher and lower quantiles of the distribution of FDI inflows, whereas natural resources and political regime are significant at the upper quantiles. The findings suggest that while financial sector development is an important factor for attracting FDI, natural resources and political regime matter for large inflows of FDI to the ASEAN countries. The article concludes that the resource-seeking and the efficiency-seeking motives of the multinational corporations are the primary reasons of large inflows of FDI to the ASEAN countries.
{"title":"What Explains FDI Inflows to ASEAN Countries? Evidence from Quantile Regressions","authors":"J. P. Sahu, S. Dash","doi":"10.1177/2631684620982775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2631684620982775","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to five economies of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) for the period 1985–2017. Using the fixed effects quantile regression (QR) method, we identify the differential effects of the covariates across the conditional distribution of FDI inflows. The results suggest that financial sector development and natural resources in the host country are the most significant determinants of FDI inflows to the ASEAN region. Financial sector development is significant at both higher and lower quantiles of the distribution of FDI inflows, whereas natural resources and political regime are significant at the upper quantiles. The findings suggest that while financial sector development is an important factor for attracting FDI, natural resources and political regime matter for large inflows of FDI to the ASEAN countries. The article concludes that the resource-seeking and the efficiency-seeking motives of the multinational corporations are the primary reasons of large inflows of FDI to the ASEAN countries.","PeriodicalId":188097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economic Integration","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114881677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1177/2631684620940444
G. Bhatia
{"title":"A. M. Gupta and N. N. Dalei (Eds), Energy, Environment and Globalization Recent Trends, Opportunities and Challenges in India","authors":"G. Bhatia","doi":"10.1177/2631684620940444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2631684620940444","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":188097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economic Integration","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122137226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1177/2631684620940432
A. Taron
The last four decades have witnessed the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) maintain an economic growth above the global average. The countries have expanded over five per cent annually, leading to rise of a wealthy urbancentric middle class with a higher willingness to pay for quality goods and services. This has fuelled up both intraand cross-country migration where workers from rural and less developed areas look for opportunities in cities or developed countries. Improved standards of living leading to demographic changes as well as technological advances have the potential to unsettle the labour market, creating a demand for highly specialised skills. It is observed that most of the ASEAN countries are reporting the challenges of shortage of skilled labours. Skilled labour mobility is the need of the ASEAN countries to cope up with the shortages and knowledge transfers across borders. It is also crucial to boost productivity and maintain an economic growth where choices from a broader talent pool of a scare resource is made possible through appropriate matchmaking. In this context, the book1 on skilled labour mobility and migration in the ASEAN context revolves around four core areas of labour mobility in the ASEAN region: (i) its economic impact, (ii) case studies, (iii) policies and mechanisms and (iv) the impact of higher education. It starts by looking into the nature and trend of skill labour migration in the region along with theoretical underpinnings for the phenomenon. It then assesses an economy-wide effect of skilled labour flows, followed by a sectoral review of the labour flows and indicative policies for governments in the ASEAN region. The chapter by Kikkawa and Suan presents the latest trends and patterns of the mobility of people across ASEAN. It hints that the tangible benefits of facilitating labour mobility is low in the ASEAN region and is limited to individual countries. The chapter predicts that sectors such as agriculture, fisheries, construction, care giving and household work are expected to rise globally, and ASEAN countries need to focus on promoting labour mobility in these sectors. Closely linked to this chapter, the next chapter by Gentile interprets the dynamics of Asian labour migration through the lens of existing literature on migration. The chapter indicates two theoretical models to establish the lower flow of migration of skilled labour within the ASEAN region. The author points out to the Kremer O-ring theory (1983), which shows that skilled workers from ASEAN prefer to migrate outside the region even with similar individual skills, since they will be far more productive (implying a higher return) once matched up with the skilled labour force of the host country. Similarly, Grogger and Hanson (2011) postulate that
{"title":"Elisabetta Gentile (Ed), Skilled Labour Mobility and Migration: Challenges and Opportunities for ASEAN Economic Community","authors":"A. Taron","doi":"10.1177/2631684620940432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2631684620940432","url":null,"abstract":"The last four decades have witnessed the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) maintain an economic growth above the global average. The countries have expanded over five per cent annually, leading to rise of a wealthy urbancentric middle class with a higher willingness to pay for quality goods and services. This has fuelled up both intraand cross-country migration where workers from rural and less developed areas look for opportunities in cities or developed countries. Improved standards of living leading to demographic changes as well as technological advances have the potential to unsettle the labour market, creating a demand for highly specialised skills. It is observed that most of the ASEAN countries are reporting the challenges of shortage of skilled labours. Skilled labour mobility is the need of the ASEAN countries to cope up with the shortages and knowledge transfers across borders. It is also crucial to boost productivity and maintain an economic growth where choices from a broader talent pool of a scare resource is made possible through appropriate matchmaking. In this context, the book1 on skilled labour mobility and migration in the ASEAN context revolves around four core areas of labour mobility in the ASEAN region: (i) its economic impact, (ii) case studies, (iii) policies and mechanisms and (iv) the impact of higher education. It starts by looking into the nature and trend of skill labour migration in the region along with theoretical underpinnings for the phenomenon. It then assesses an economy-wide effect of skilled labour flows, followed by a sectoral review of the labour flows and indicative policies for governments in the ASEAN region. The chapter by Kikkawa and Suan presents the latest trends and patterns of the mobility of people across ASEAN. It hints that the tangible benefits of facilitating labour mobility is low in the ASEAN region and is limited to individual countries. The chapter predicts that sectors such as agriculture, fisheries, construction, care giving and household work are expected to rise globally, and ASEAN countries need to focus on promoting labour mobility in these sectors. Closely linked to this chapter, the next chapter by Gentile interprets the dynamics of Asian labour migration through the lens of existing literature on migration. The chapter indicates two theoretical models to establish the lower flow of migration of skilled labour within the ASEAN region. The author points out to the Kremer O-ring theory (1983), which shows that skilled workers from ASEAN prefer to migrate outside the region even with similar individual skills, since they will be far more productive (implying a higher return) once matched up with the skilled labour force of the host country. Similarly, Grogger and Hanson (2011) postulate that","PeriodicalId":188097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economic Integration","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121818730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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