Modular battery energy storage systems (MBESS) allow individual battery power control, with reduced voltage ratings of the converters, and enhanced system reliability. The power is shared amongst different battery modules based on the state of charge (SoC) of each module. In this paper, an adaptive power sharing control method is proposed for an MBESS that is connected to the DC bus voltage of a distributed generation system. The adaptation process considers the efficiency and balancing speed of the system at different battery loads. Simulation results (MATLAB/Simulink) are presented to compare the proposed systems performance in terms of balancing speed and efficiency, with conventional and adaptive power sharing methods.
{"title":"Adaptive Controller for Power Sharing in Modular Battery Energy Storage Systems","authors":"B. Yildirim, M. A. Elgendy, A. Smith, V. Pickert","doi":"10.1049/icp.2021.1118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2021.1118","url":null,"abstract":"Modular battery energy storage systems (MBESS) allow individual battery power control, with reduced voltage ratings of the converters, and enhanced system reliability. The power is shared amongst different battery modules based on the state of charge (SoC) of each module. In this paper, an adaptive power sharing control method is proposed for an MBESS that is connected to the DC bus voltage of a distributed generation system. The adaptation process considers the efficiency and balancing speed of the system at different battery loads. Simulation results (MATLAB/Simulink) are presented to compare the proposed systems performance in terms of balancing speed and efficiency, with conventional and adaptive power sharing methods.","PeriodicalId":188371,"journal":{"name":"The 10th International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2020)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129819643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. I. Nabeta, I. Chabu, T. Matsumoto, S. Nagao Jr, N. R. Santos, A. Dominice
This paper proposes the use of the Induction Voltage Regulators as a well-suited alternative for the voltage regulation in distribution networks with distributed generation. For this, a prototype was designed, constructed, connected to a single-phase distribution network and its performance monitored.
{"title":"INDUCTION VOLTAGE REGULATOR IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORK SYSTEM","authors":"S. I. Nabeta, I. Chabu, T. Matsumoto, S. Nagao Jr, N. R. Santos, A. Dominice","doi":"10.1049/icp.2021.1129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2021.1129","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes the use of the Induction Voltage Regulators as a well-suited alternative for the voltage regulation in distribution networks with distributed generation. For this, a prototype was designed, constructed, connected to a single-phase distribution network and its performance monitored.","PeriodicalId":188371,"journal":{"name":"The 10th International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2020)","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129826889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hybrid excited (HE) machines have synergies of high torque density of permanent magnet (PM) machines and flexible flux weakening of wound field (WF) machines, and are potentially promising candidate for electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). This paper focuses on a fault tolerant hybrid excited (HE) machine with stator slot PMs and evaluates its electromagnetic performance. To demonstrate the feasibility, a commercial rotor interior PM (IPM) machine, equipped for Toyota Prius 2010, has been selected as the benchmark. The electromagnetic performances, including back-EMF, average torque, torque ripple, torque-speed envelope, efficiency, and fault tolerant capability have been compared comprehensively. It is revealed that the stator slot PM HE machine possesses similar torque density and overload capability with the IPM machine under the same frame length. Moreover, the output torque/power and fault tolerant capability of the HE machine at high speed operation are superior as the result of an additional degree to regulate the magnetic field. Although the torque-speed envelopes are extended, the operation efficiency is reduced for the HE machine due to doubly salient structure and stator PM allocation.
{"title":"Comparison of Stator Slot Permanent Magnet Hybrid Excited Machine with Rotor Interior Permanent Magnet Machine for EV/HEV Application","authors":"S. Cai, Z.Q. Zhu, L. Huang, H. Qu","doi":"10.1049/icp.2021.1016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2021.1016","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid excited (HE) machines have synergies of high torque density of permanent magnet (PM) machines and flexible flux weakening of wound field (WF) machines, and are potentially promising candidate for electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). This paper focuses on a fault tolerant hybrid excited (HE) machine with stator slot PMs and evaluates its electromagnetic performance. To demonstrate the feasibility, a commercial rotor interior PM (IPM) machine, equipped for Toyota Prius 2010, has been selected as the benchmark. The electromagnetic performances, including back-EMF, average torque, torque ripple, torque-speed envelope, efficiency, and fault tolerant capability have been compared comprehensively. It is revealed that the stator slot PM HE machine possesses similar torque density and overload capability with the IPM machine under the same frame length. Moreover, the output torque/power and fault tolerant capability of the HE machine at high speed operation are superior as the result of an additional degree to regulate the magnetic field. Although the torque-speed envelopes are extended, the operation efficiency is reduced for the HE machine due to doubly salient structure and stator PM allocation.","PeriodicalId":188371,"journal":{"name":"The 10th International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2020)","volume":"75 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126205851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A SIMPLE CURRENT HARMONIC ANALYSIS BASED DEAD TIME COMPENSATION METHOD FOR PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE DRIVES","authors":"L. Wang, Z.Q. Zhu, B. Hong, L. Gong","doi":"10.1049/icp.2021.0939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2021.0939","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":188371,"journal":{"name":"The 10th International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2020)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121212325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ROTOR SLOT OPTIMIZATION OF SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR","authors":"A. Marfoli, M. D. Nardo, M. Degano, C. Gerada","doi":"10.1049/icp.2021.1174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2021.1174","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":188371,"journal":{"name":"The 10th International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2020)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115754250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kalman filters have been widely applied for speed and position sensorless control of Electric drives. A new range of nonlinear Kalman filters have been successfully implemented for sensorless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) in recent times. This paper addresses the alternative implementations of Square-root Cubature Kalman filter (SCKF) for speed and position estimation of a PMSM drive. SCKF offers improved numerical stability as compared with the Cubature Kalman filter (CKF). SCKF is observed to offer the possibility of incorporating combined load torque estimation, which is shown to increase the bandwidth of the speed control loop. A simple method to infer the bandwidth of the SCKF is suggested in this work, which is based on the interaction between the bandwidths of the speed controller and the observer. In the perspective of improving the transient response of the speed control loop, a modification to the PI controller is proposed to reduce the overshoot in speed without affecting the disturbance rejection property. The proposed techniques are validated through simulation and experiment on a VSI fed 1.5 kW sensorless PMSM drive system.
{"title":"Alternative Implementations of Square-root Cubature Kalman Filter for Sensorless PMSM Drives with Improved Dynamic Performance","authors":"G. Gopinath, S. Das","doi":"10.1049/icp.2021.1192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2021.1192","url":null,"abstract":"Kalman filters have been widely applied for speed and position sensorless control of Electric drives. A new range of nonlinear Kalman filters have been successfully implemented for sensorless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) in recent times. This paper addresses the alternative implementations of Square-root Cubature Kalman filter (SCKF) for speed and position estimation of a PMSM drive. SCKF offers improved numerical stability as compared with the Cubature Kalman filter (CKF). SCKF is observed to offer the possibility of incorporating combined load torque estimation, which is shown to increase the bandwidth of the speed control loop. A simple method to infer the bandwidth of the SCKF is suggested in this work, which is based on the interaction between the bandwidths of the speed controller and the observer. In the perspective of improving the transient response of the speed control loop, a modification to the PI controller is proposed to reduce the overshoot in speed without affecting the disturbance rejection property. The proposed techniques are validated through simulation and experiment on a VSI fed 1.5 kW sensorless PMSM drive system.","PeriodicalId":188371,"journal":{"name":"The 10th International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2020)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115390839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inter-turn faults are most commonly the initial stator winding fault in drive systems with Voltage Source Inverters (VSI). To prevent the propagation of an inter-turn fault, the machine must stay within its thermal requirements at the location of the fault. We present a fault tolerant control scheme which minimizes the propagation of the fault by adapting the operating point of the machine. The heat loss of the inter-turn fault is estimated with a machine learning regression. If the estimated heat is greater than the maximum allowable value, the operating point is adapted until the estimated heat is below this limit. We validated the concept of the control scheme with a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulation. For the presented fault scenario, we are able to reduce the heat of the inter-turn fault by 17:5W, which equals a temperature reduction of 140 K. Therefore, we are able to keep the local temperature at the fault under the heat shock temperature of the isolation material.
{"title":"FAULT TOLERANT CONTROL OF 3PH PMSM WITH INTER-TURN FAULTS","authors":"S. Foitzik, M. Doppelbauer","doi":"10.1049/icp.2021.1030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2021.1030","url":null,"abstract":"Inter-turn faults are most commonly the initial stator winding fault in drive systems with Voltage Source Inverters (VSI). To prevent the propagation of an inter-turn fault, the machine must stay within its thermal requirements at the location of the fault. We present a fault tolerant control scheme which minimizes the propagation of the fault by adapting the operating point of the machine. The heat loss of the inter-turn fault is estimated with a machine learning regression. If the estimated heat is greater than the maximum allowable value, the operating point is adapted until the estimated heat is below this limit. We validated the concept of the control scheme with a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulation. For the presented fault scenario, we are able to reduce the heat of the inter-turn fault by 17:5W, which equals a temperature reduction of 140 K. Therefore, we are able to keep the local temperature at the fault under the heat shock temperature of the isolation material.","PeriodicalId":188371,"journal":{"name":"The 10th International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2020)","volume":"6 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132069687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. M. Saleh, A. Costabeber, A. Watson, F. Tardelli, J. Clare
In this paper, an energy control scheme is proposed for a Modular Multilevel DC-DC converter (MMC-DC-DC) operating with trapezoidal waveforms. In a trapezoidal wave-shaping, the cell capacitors are switched at fundamental frequency and they are all inserted for the majority of a half cycle and all bypassed for most of the other half, making the energy control more challenging. The proposed energy control method is obtained by controlling the duty cycle of one submodule (SM) to modify the average voltage and to add the amount of power required for energy correction. A simulation system for a 10MW, 20kV-20kV MMC-DC-DC converter has been built in PLECS to validate the proposed control method.
{"title":"AN ENERGY CONTROL METHOD FOR MODULAR MULTILEVEL DC-DC CONVERTERS OPERATING WITH TRAPEZOIDAL WAVEFORMS","authors":"B. M. Saleh, A. Costabeber, A. Watson, F. Tardelli, J. Clare","doi":"10.1049/icp.2021.1135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2021.1135","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an energy control scheme is proposed for a Modular Multilevel DC-DC converter (MMC-DC-DC) operating with trapezoidal waveforms. In a trapezoidal wave-shaping, the cell capacitors are switched at fundamental frequency and they are all inserted for the majority of a half cycle and all bypassed for most of the other half, making the energy control more challenging. The proposed energy control method is obtained by controlling the duty cycle of one submodule (SM) to modify the average voltage and to add the amount of power required for energy correction. A simulation system for a 10MW, 20kV-20kV MMC-DC-DC converter has been built in PLECS to validate the proposed control method.","PeriodicalId":188371,"journal":{"name":"The 10th International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2020)","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131055863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses a work on the high shear-stress density, high number of poles transverse-flux machine, for wind power generation, and electric ship propulsion systems. The main goal of this work is to design a transverse-flux machine with comparably high shear-stress density, high power factor, low cogging torque, low THD of induced voltage, and high power to mass ratio. Two configurations of the the transverse-flux machine, radial-and disk-type are investigated. Electro-magnetic characteristics of the machine such as cogging torque and induced voltage are calculated using 3D FEM software. Based on the results, the machine with the best trade off point between cogging torque and induced voltage is selected for further analysis. A parametric analysis of this machine with different number of poles at constant air-gap diameter is then performed to find the optimal configuration of the machine. The output power and power factor characteristics at different load conditions are calculated using the equivalent circuit of the machine. The results from the 3D FEM and circuit models led to the conclusions on the optimal configuration of the machine, and the future scope of study.
{"title":"HIGH SHEAR-STRESS DENSITY TRANSVERSE-FLUX MACHINE FOR LARGE DIRECT-DRIVEN WIND TURBINES, AND ELECTRIC SHIP PROPULSION SYSTEMS","authors":"O. Dobzhanskyi, R. Gouws, Nima Zabihi","doi":"10.1049/icp.2021.1020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2021.1020","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses a work on the high shear-stress density, high number of poles transverse-flux machine, for wind power generation, and electric ship propulsion systems. The main goal of this work is to design a transverse-flux machine with comparably high shear-stress density, high power factor, low cogging torque, low THD of induced voltage, and high power to mass ratio. Two configurations of the the transverse-flux machine, radial-and disk-type are investigated. Electro-magnetic characteristics of the machine such as cogging torque and induced voltage are calculated using 3D FEM software. Based on the results, the machine with the best trade off point between cogging torque and induced voltage is selected for further analysis. A parametric analysis of this machine with different number of poles at constant air-gap diameter is then performed to find the optimal configuration of the machine. The output power and power factor characteristics at different load conditions are calculated using the equivalent circuit of the machine. The results from the 3D FEM and circuit models led to the conclusions on the optimal configuration of the machine, and the future scope of study.","PeriodicalId":188371,"journal":{"name":"The 10th International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2020)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131200808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Singh, J. Vesa, J. Gyselinck, P. Rasilo, Y. Mollet
This paper investigates the soft magnetic composite (SMC) material consisting of irregular grains with induced eddy currents using finite element analysis (FEA). SMC material is made up of iron grains separated by insulation gap. The geometry of the material has been determined using an algorithm based approach and an image based approach.The effective reluctivity has been determined using two homogenization techniques. The first homogenization technique makes use of an energy formulation. The eddy current effects are evaluated taking into consideration the fill factor of the 2-D SMC material.A low frequency approximation is realized for the homogenized material. In the second technique, non-linear properties are determined using the time-stepping technique. A method has been proposed in FEA for directly including an analytical eddy current loss formula for rotating electrical machines with SMC material cores. The eddy current loss and torque have been determined for the radial flux permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) having an SMC stator core and the results are then compared with the laminated stator core machine.
{"title":"Homogenization and Eddy Current Loss Approximation of Soft Magnetic Composite Material for Electrical Machines","authors":"S. Singh, J. Vesa, J. Gyselinck, P. Rasilo, Y. Mollet","doi":"10.1049/icp.2021.1058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2021.1058","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the soft magnetic composite (SMC) material consisting of irregular grains with induced eddy currents using finite element analysis (FEA). SMC material is made up of iron grains separated by insulation gap. The geometry of the material has been determined using an algorithm based approach and an image based approach.The effective reluctivity has been determined using two homogenization techniques. The first homogenization technique makes use of an energy formulation. The eddy current effects are evaluated taking into consideration the fill factor of the 2-D SMC material.A low frequency approximation is realized for the homogenized material. In the second technique, non-linear properties are determined using the time-stepping technique. A method has been proposed in FEA for directly including an analytical eddy current loss formula for rotating electrical machines with SMC material cores. The eddy current loss and torque have been determined for the radial flux permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) having an SMC stator core and the results are then compared with the laminated stator core machine.","PeriodicalId":188371,"journal":{"name":"The 10th International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2020)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123938153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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