In this paper we have investigated, through computer simulations, dislocation nucleation and dislocation dynamics in a heterostructure system with the lattice-mismatch interface, i.e. a system with internal strain. In particular, we have studied the dependence of the nucleation thresholds on the basic parameters of the crystals, such as the amount of mismatch and the system temperature. These studies have been carried out by using the simulation code with a graphical user interface developed at our laboratory. This on-line simulation system produces a real time interactive visualization of the 3-D Molecular Dynamics model. Furthermore, it detects the presence of dislocations and tracks them by an algorithm based on potential energy mapping.
{"title":"Nucleation and dynamics of dislocations in mismatched heterostructures","authors":"M. Patriarca, A. Kuronen, K. Kaski","doi":"10.1557/PROC-696-N4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-696-N4.4","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we have investigated, through computer simulations, dislocation nucleation and dislocation dynamics in a heterostructure system with the lattice-mismatch interface, i.e. a system with internal strain. In particular, we have studied the dependence of the nucleation thresholds on the basic parameters of the crystals, such as the amount of mismatch and the system temperature. These studies have been carried out by using the simulation code with a graphical user interface developed at our laboratory. This on-line simulation system produces a real time interactive visualization of the 3-D Molecular Dynamics model. Furthermore, it detects the presence of dislocations and tracks them by an algorithm based on potential energy mapping.","PeriodicalId":18884,"journal":{"name":"MRS Proceedings","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77261789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Moche cast copper alloy object was investigated with focus on three main areas: the alloy composition, the casting technology, and the corrosion process. This complex artifact has thin connective arms between the body and the head, a situation that would be very difficult to cast. The entire artifact was mounted and polished allowing for complete microstructural and microchemical analysis, providing insight into the forming technology. In addition, gigapixel x-ray spectrum imaging was undertaken to explore the alloy composition and the solidification process of the entire sample. This process used four 30 mm2 SDD-EDS detectors to collect the 150 gigabyte file mapping an area of 46 080 × 39 934 pixels. Raman analysis was performed to confirm the corrosion compounds.
{"title":"Investigating a Moche Cast Copper Artifact for Its Manufacturing Technology","authors":"A. Shugar, M. Notis, D. Newbury, N. Ritchie","doi":"10.1557/OPL.2014.822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/OPL.2014.822","url":null,"abstract":"A Moche cast copper alloy object was investigated with focus on three main areas: the alloy composition, the casting technology, and the corrosion process. This complex artifact has thin connective arms between the body and the head, a situation that would be very difficult to cast. The entire artifact was mounted and polished allowing for complete microstructural and microchemical analysis, providing insight into the forming technology. In addition, gigapixel x-ray spectrum imaging was undertaken to explore the alloy composition and the solidification process of the entire sample. This process used four 30 mm2 SDD-EDS detectors to collect the 150 gigabyte file mapping an area of 46 080 × 39 934 pixels. Raman analysis was performed to confirm the corrosion compounds.","PeriodicalId":18884,"journal":{"name":"MRS Proceedings","volume":"3 1","pages":"95-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81812630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Black-glazed tea bowls from the Jian area of Fujian province, China, were analyzed to understand the physical basis of their visual appearance and the special glaze effects of nucleation, crystal growth, control of glaze flow, and hare’s fur and spotted patterns that have frustrated modern and ancient factories that are unable to produce acceptable replicas. The black-glazed Jian bowls are divided into two distinct groups called “Hare’s Fur” and “Oil Spot”. Black glazes and bodies from the Jian kilns are rich in iron and calcium oxides, made from a plentiful local refractory dark red clay, and fired in hill-climbing dragon kilns. Twenty-six sherds were analyzed from the collection made by James Plumer at the kiln site in 1935 [1]. Analyses were conducted using optical microscopy, Xeroradiography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) and electron microprobe analysis (WDS), and petrographic thin section analysis to reverse engineer some of the microstructure, composition and thermal history of Jian ware.
{"title":"Analysis and Replication of Jianyang Tea Bowls from Song Dynasty China","authors":"James D. Morehead, P. Vandiver","doi":"10.1557/OPL.2015.825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/OPL.2015.825","url":null,"abstract":"Black-glazed tea bowls from the Jian area of Fujian province, China, were analyzed to understand the physical basis of their visual appearance and the special glaze effects of nucleation, crystal growth, control of glaze flow, and hare’s fur and spotted patterns that have frustrated modern and ancient factories that are unable to produce acceptable replicas. The black-glazed Jian bowls are divided into two distinct groups called “Hare’s Fur” and “Oil Spot”. Black glazes and bodies from the Jian kilns are rich in iron and calcium oxides, made from a plentiful local refractory dark red clay, and fired in hill-climbing dragon kilns. Twenty-six sherds were analyzed from the collection made by James Plumer at the kiln site in 1935 [1]. Analyses were conducted using optical microscopy, Xeroradiography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) and electron microprobe analysis (WDS), and petrographic thin section analysis to reverse engineer some of the microstructure, composition and thermal history of Jian ware.","PeriodicalId":18884,"journal":{"name":"MRS Proceedings","volume":"14 1","pages":"211-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82643300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. D. Manrique-Ortega, P. Claes, V. Aguilar-Melo, Malinalli Wong-Rueda, J. L. Ruvalcaba-Sil, E. Casanova-González, E. Melgar, Reyna B. Solís
{"title":"Non-Invasive Characterization of Stone Artifacts from the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan, Mexico","authors":"M. D. Manrique-Ortega, P. Claes, V. Aguilar-Melo, Malinalli Wong-Rueda, J. L. Ruvalcaba-Sil, E. Casanova-González, E. Melgar, Reyna B. Solís","doi":"10.1557/OPL.2015.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/OPL.2015.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18884,"journal":{"name":"MRS Proceedings","volume":"31 1","pages":"293-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89930366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Bisulca, Lisa Schattenburg-Raymond, Kamalu du Preez
{"title":"Hawaiian Barkcloth from the Bishop Museum Collections: A Characterization of Materials and Techniques in Collaboration with Modern Practitioners to Effect Preservation of a Traditional Cultural Practice","authors":"C. Bisulca, Lisa Schattenburg-Raymond, Kamalu du Preez","doi":"10.1557/OPL.2014.811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/OPL.2014.811","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18884,"journal":{"name":"MRS Proceedings","volume":"16 1","pages":"111-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82671508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Stephens, P. Vandiver, S. A. Hernández, D. Killick
{"title":"The Technological Development of Decorated Corinthian Pottery, 8 th to 6 th Centuries BCE","authors":"J. Stephens, P. Vandiver, S. A. Hernández, D. Killick","doi":"10.1557/OPL.2015.838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/OPL.2015.838","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18884,"journal":{"name":"MRS Proceedings","volume":"57 1","pages":"233-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86526415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Doutre, A. Freeman, B. Diak, A. Murray, G. Bevan, L. Fuster-López
{"title":"Fine Pore Structure Characterization in Two Gessoes Using Focused Ion Bean Scanning","authors":"M. Doutre, A. Freeman, B. Diak, A. Murray, G. Bevan, L. Fuster-López","doi":"10.1557/OPL.2014.826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/OPL.2014.826","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18884,"journal":{"name":"MRS Proceedings","volume":"408 1","pages":"157-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78077628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nucleation, Growth and Evolution of Hydroxyapatite Films on Calcite","authors":"S. Naidu, J. Blair, G. Scherer","doi":"10.1557/OPL.2014.814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/OPL.2014.814","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18884,"journal":{"name":"MRS Proceedings","volume":"31 1","pages":"3-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84459827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Xiao, Feng Gao, Yun-Lung Fang, Y. Tan, Kaiyu Liu, Shaojun Liu
Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) is one of the most interesting materials used to consolidate stone sculptures, monuments, mortars or wall paintings. In this study, we reported on the synthesis and characterization of surface modified Ca(OH) 2 nanoparticles as a dispersion with enhanced kinetic stability and the applications for the conservation of sandstone monuments. Uniform hexagonal Ca(OH) 2 nanoparticles (∼35nm) were obtained by mixing NaOH and NaCl aqueous solutions at 100∼175 o C using homogeneous-phase reactions. It was further demonstrated that 3-(Methacryloyloxypropane oxygen) trimethoxysilane surfactant agent can significantly reduce agglomeration and simultaneously improve specific surface area of as-synthesized Ca(OH) 2 nanoparticles. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) measurement showed that specific surface area of modified Ca(OH) 2 nanoparticles reaches up to ∼48.78m 2 /g, about 2.5 and 3.4 times higher than that of unmodified and commercial ones, respectively. The kinetic stability of Ca(OH) 2 despersion can be further enhanced and its viscosity can be decreased by optimizing the ratio of ethanol and n-propanol. Especially, a technique, which combined the Ferroni-Dini method and dispersion of Ca(OH) 2 nanoparticles with enhanced kinetic stability, was proposed to effectively desalinate and consolidate the decayed stone, as evidenced by significant decreases of the porosity and concentration of detrimental Cl - and SO 4 2- ions in the severely decayed sandstone samples from the Yungang grottoes.
{"title":"Dispersions of Surface Modified Calcium Hydroxide Nanoparticles with Enhanced Kinetic Stability: Properties and Applications to Desalination and Consolidation of the Yungang Grottoes","authors":"Y. Xiao, Feng Gao, Yun-Lung Fang, Y. Tan, Kaiyu Liu, Shaojun Liu","doi":"10.1557/OPL.2014.827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/OPL.2014.827","url":null,"abstract":"Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) is one of the most interesting materials used to consolidate stone sculptures, monuments, mortars or wall paintings. In this study, we reported on the synthesis and characterization of surface modified Ca(OH) 2 nanoparticles as a dispersion with enhanced kinetic stability and the applications for the conservation of sandstone monuments. Uniform hexagonal Ca(OH) 2 nanoparticles (∼35nm) were obtained by mixing NaOH and NaCl aqueous solutions at 100∼175 o C using homogeneous-phase reactions. It was further demonstrated that 3-(Methacryloyloxypropane oxygen) trimethoxysilane surfactant agent can significantly reduce agglomeration and simultaneously improve specific surface area of as-synthesized Ca(OH) 2 nanoparticles. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) measurement showed that specific surface area of modified Ca(OH) 2 nanoparticles reaches up to ∼48.78m 2 /g, about 2.5 and 3.4 times higher than that of unmodified and commercial ones, respectively. The kinetic stability of Ca(OH) 2 despersion can be further enhanced and its viscosity can be decreased by optimizing the ratio of ethanol and n-propanol. Especially, a technique, which combined the Ferroni-Dini method and dispersion of Ca(OH) 2 nanoparticles with enhanced kinetic stability, was proposed to effectively desalinate and consolidate the decayed stone, as evidenced by significant decreases of the porosity and concentration of detrimental Cl - and SO 4 2- ions in the severely decayed sandstone samples from the Yungang grottoes.","PeriodicalId":18884,"journal":{"name":"MRS Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"27-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91124845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A characteristic fluorescent tarnish can be observed on some daguerreotypes under shortwave ultraviolet radiation. The fluorescence can be seen in several distinct patterns: edge tarnish, rings, and continuous films. Dispersive Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were applied to characterize and identify the fluorescent compound. Raman spectroscopy identified the characteristic peak for copper cyanide, CuCN, at 2172 cm- 1 . Elemental k-ratio maps of the SEM analysis indicated an increase in copper, sodium, carbon and nitrogen in the area of fluorescence. XRD confirmed the identification of a copper cyanide compound. Shortwave ultraviolet radiation can be used in a monitoring program of daguerreotypes to further characterize the fluorescent tarnish and its effect on the deterioration of daguerreotypes.
{"title":"Characterization of a Surface Tarnish Found on Daguerreotypes Revealed under Shortwave Ultraviolet Radiation","authors":"A. Shugar, Krista Lough, J. Chen","doi":"10.1557/OPL.2014.706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/OPL.2014.706","url":null,"abstract":"A characteristic fluorescent tarnish can be observed on some daguerreotypes under shortwave ultraviolet radiation. The fluorescence can be seen in several distinct patterns: edge tarnish, rings, and continuous films. Dispersive Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were applied to characterize and identify the fluorescent compound. Raman spectroscopy identified the characteristic peak for copper cyanide, CuCN, at 2172 cm- 1 . Elemental k-ratio maps of the SEM analysis indicated an increase in copper, sodium, carbon and nitrogen in the area of fluorescence. XRD confirmed the identification of a copper cyanide compound. Shortwave ultraviolet radiation can be used in a monitoring program of daguerreotypes to further characterize the fluorescent tarnish and its effect on the deterioration of daguerreotypes.","PeriodicalId":18884,"journal":{"name":"MRS Proceedings","volume":"8 1","pages":"319-333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83063066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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