This paper discusses the effectiveness of hydroxyapatite (HAP) as an inorganic consolidant for physically weathered Indiana Limestone, and as a coupling agent between limestone and a silicate consolidant. A double application is investigated, in which samples are coated with HAP followed by a commercially available silicate-based consolidant (Conservare ® OH-100). To artificially weather limestone, a thermal degradation technique was utilized. Diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP) salt was reacted with limestone, alone and with cationic precursors, to produce HAP films. The dynamic elastic modulus, water sorptivity and tensile strength of the treated stones were evaluated. HAP was found to be an effective consolidant for weathered Indiana Limestone, and its performance was enhanced by addition of millimolar quantities of calcium chloride. However, HAP was not useful as a coupling agent; a double treatment with DAP is more effective than sequential treatment with DAP and Conservare ® .
{"title":"Novel hydroxyapatite-based consolidant and the acceleration of hydrolysis of silicate-based consolidants","authors":"S. Naidu, Chun Liu, G. Scherer","doi":"10.1557/OPL.2014.712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/OPL.2014.712","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the effectiveness of hydroxyapatite (HAP) as an inorganic consolidant for physically weathered Indiana Limestone, and as a coupling agent between limestone and a silicate consolidant. A double application is investigated, in which samples are coated with HAP followed by a commercially available silicate-based consolidant (Conservare ® OH-100). To artificially weather limestone, a thermal degradation technique was utilized. Diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP) salt was reacted with limestone, alone and with cationic precursors, to produce HAP films. The dynamic elastic modulus, water sorptivity and tensile strength of the treated stones were evaluated. HAP was found to be an effective consolidant for weathered Indiana Limestone, and its performance was enhanced by addition of millimolar quantities of calcium chloride. However, HAP was not useful as a coupling agent; a double treatment with DAP is more effective than sequential treatment with DAP and Conservare ® .","PeriodicalId":18884,"journal":{"name":"MRS Proceedings","volume":"34 1","pages":"9-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83683727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Potential of Low Frequency EPR Spectroscopy in Studying Pottery Artifacts and Pigments.","authors":"W. Ryan, N. Zumbulyadis, J. Hornak","doi":"10.1557/OPL.2014.708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/OPL.2014.708","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18884,"journal":{"name":"MRS Proceedings","volume":"10 1","pages":"371-379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74306584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Catalano, Yao Yao, A. Murphy, N. Zumbulyadis, S. Centeno, C. Dybowski
Soap formation in traditional oil paintings occurs when heavy-metal-containing pigments, such as lead white, 2Pb(CO 3 ) 2 ·Pb(OH) 2 , and lead-tin yellow type I, Pb 2 SnO 4 , react with fatty acids in the binding medium. These soaps may form aggregates that can be 100-200 μm in diameter, which swell and protrude through the paint surface, resulting in the degradation of the paint film and damage to the integrity of the artwork. In addition, soap formation has been reported to play a role in the increased transparency of paint films that allows the painting support, the preparatory drawing, and the artists’ alterations to become visible to the naked eye. The factors that trigger soap formation and the mechanism(s) of the process are not yet well understood. To elucidate these issues, chemical and structural information is necessary which can be obtained by solid-state 207 Pb, 119 Sn, and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In the present study, a combination of 207 Pb NMR pulse sequences was used to determine accurately the NMR parameters of lead-containing pigments and lead carboxylates known to be involved in soap formation, such as lead palmitate, lead stearate, and lead azelate. These results show that the local coordination environment of lead azelate is different from lead palmitate or lead stearate and therefore it is unlikely that lead azelate would be incorporated into an ordered structure containing lead palmitate and lead stearate. In addition, the chemical shifts of the pigments obtained are different from those of the soaps, demonstrating that 207 Pb NMR is useful in characterizing the components when present in a mixture, such as a paint film. The NMR methods discussed can also be applied to other Pb-containing cultural heritage materials, electronic and optoelectronic materials, superconducting materials, and environmentally contaminated materials.
{"title":"Analysis of Lead Carboxylates and Lead-Containing Pigments in Oil Paintings by Solid- State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance","authors":"J. Catalano, Yao Yao, A. Murphy, N. Zumbulyadis, S. Centeno, C. Dybowski","doi":"10.1557/OPL.2014.707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/OPL.2014.707","url":null,"abstract":"Soap formation in traditional oil paintings occurs when heavy-metal-containing pigments, such as lead white, 2Pb(CO 3 ) 2 ·Pb(OH) 2 , and lead-tin yellow type I, Pb 2 SnO 4 , react with fatty acids in the binding medium. These soaps may form aggregates that can be 100-200 μm in diameter, which swell and protrude through the paint surface, resulting in the degradation of the paint film and damage to the integrity of the artwork. In addition, soap formation has been reported to play a role in the increased transparency of paint films that allows the painting support, the preparatory drawing, and the artists’ alterations to become visible to the naked eye. The factors that trigger soap formation and the mechanism(s) of the process are not yet well understood. To elucidate these issues, chemical and structural information is necessary which can be obtained by solid-state 207 Pb, 119 Sn, and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In the present study, a combination of 207 Pb NMR pulse sequences was used to determine accurately the NMR parameters of lead-containing pigments and lead carboxylates known to be involved in soap formation, such as lead palmitate, lead stearate, and lead azelate. These results show that the local coordination environment of lead azelate is different from lead palmitate or lead stearate and therefore it is unlikely that lead azelate would be incorporated into an ordered structure containing lead palmitate and lead stearate. In addition, the chemical shifts of the pigments obtained are different from those of the soaps, demonstrating that 207 Pb NMR is useful in characterizing the components when present in a mixture, such as a paint film. The NMR methods discussed can also be applied to other Pb-containing cultural heritage materials, electronic and optoelectronic materials, superconducting materials, and environmentally contaminated materials.","PeriodicalId":18884,"journal":{"name":"MRS Proceedings","volume":"47 1","pages":"149-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77928748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. L. Ruvalcaba-Sil, Malinalli Wong-Rueda, M. A. García-Bucio, E. Casanova-González, M. D. Manrique-Ortega, V. Aguilar-Melo, P. Claes, Dulce Maria Aguilar-Tellez
{"title":"Study of Mexican Colonial Mural Paintings: An In-situ Non-Invasive Approach","authors":"J. L. Ruvalcaba-Sil, Malinalli Wong-Rueda, M. A. García-Bucio, E. Casanova-González, M. D. Manrique-Ortega, V. Aguilar-Melo, P. Claes, Dulce Maria Aguilar-Tellez","doi":"10.1557/OPL.2015.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/OPL.2015.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18884,"journal":{"name":"MRS Proceedings","volume":"27 1","pages":"75-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82498228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Xiao, Ning Wang, H. Gu, Weimin Guo, Feng Gao, Ning Niu, Shaojun Liu
As one of the most typical ancient cultural relics in southern China's minority regions near Changsha in Hunan province, the magnificent Laosicheng ruins excavated recently have been included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Tentative List. Urgent conservation of excavated Laosicheng ruins brings about the need for a study of the formulation and properties of construction materials used, including earth, stone, mortar, and brick. In the present study, comprehensive analyses were carried out to determine their raw material compositions, mineralogical, and microstructural properties using sheet polarized optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometer, thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Special attention was paid to mortars, which were the most widely used in building the Laosicheng. Results show that mortar used as external render of the city wall is mainly built up from inorganic CaCO 3 and MgCO 3 based hybrid materials produced by the carbonation of Ca(OH) 2 and Mg(OH) 2 with a small amount of sticky rice. In contrast, mortar used to bond stones of the city walls is a traditional mortar that does not contain sticky rice. This study is a part of a huge interdisciplinary project aimed to clarify the role of organics in ancient China’s organic-inorganic hybrid mortar, which can be considered as one of the greatest invention in construction material history. The results provide valuable basic data and restoration strategies that can be used in the conservation of the ruins as well.
{"title":"Properties and Characterization of Building Materials from the Laosicheng Ruins in Southern China","authors":"Y. Xiao, Ning Wang, H. Gu, Weimin Guo, Feng Gao, Ning Niu, Shaojun Liu","doi":"10.1557/OPL.2014.824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/OPL.2014.824","url":null,"abstract":"As one of the most typical ancient cultural relics in southern China's minority regions near Changsha in Hunan province, the magnificent Laosicheng ruins excavated recently have been included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Tentative List. Urgent conservation of excavated Laosicheng ruins brings about the need for a study of the formulation and properties of construction materials used, including earth, stone, mortar, and brick. In the present study, comprehensive analyses were carried out to determine their raw material compositions, mineralogical, and microstructural properties using sheet polarized optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometer, thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Special attention was paid to mortars, which were the most widely used in building the Laosicheng. Results show that mortar used as external render of the city wall is mainly built up from inorganic CaCO 3 and MgCO 3 based hybrid materials produced by the carbonation of Ca(OH) 2 and Mg(OH) 2 with a small amount of sticky rice. In contrast, mortar used to bond stones of the city walls is a traditional mortar that does not contain sticky rice. This study is a part of a huge interdisciplinary project aimed to clarify the role of organics in ancient China’s organic-inorganic hybrid mortar, which can be considered as one of the greatest invention in construction material history. The results provide valuable basic data and restoration strategies that can be used in the conservation of the ruins as well.","PeriodicalId":18884,"journal":{"name":"MRS Proceedings","volume":"124 1","pages":"15-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77101577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Audrey Cochard, J. Douin, B. Warot-Fonrose, J. Huez, L. Robbiola, J. Olivier, P. Sciau
The aim of this paper is to show that historical technical archives and complementary physico-chemical studies can be combined to obtain relevant information on the materials and processes used in the manufacturing of a Breguet 765 Sahara airplane. This will be useful both in history of sciences and technology and in the renovation of this more than fifty years old airplane. The Breguet 765 Sahara plane is the last version of a family of French double-deck transport aircraft produced by Breguet between 1948 and 1960. The gathering of multi-disciplinary information from the literature of the period of production with laboratory investigations has revealed that a “new” aluminum-copper-magnesium alloy was used in the rivets of the Breguet 765. The A-U3G alloy was developed to meet properties requirements of the aeronautical industry for joining sheets of aluminum and was used in the Breguet 765 Sahara to strengthen the joints. Analytical techniques included TEM, EPMA microprobe and metallography.
{"title":"Benefits of the Complementary use of Archaeometry Investigations and Historical Research in the Study of Ancient Airplanes: the Breguet Sahara’s Rivets","authors":"Audrey Cochard, J. Douin, B. Warot-Fonrose, J. Huez, L. Robbiola, J. Olivier, P. Sciau","doi":"10.1557/OPL.2014.825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/OPL.2014.825","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to show that historical technical archives and complementary physico-chemical studies can be combined to obtain relevant information on the materials and processes used in the manufacturing of a Breguet 765 Sahara airplane. This will be useful both in history of sciences and technology and in the renovation of this more than fifty years old airplane. The Breguet 765 Sahara plane is the last version of a family of French double-deck transport aircraft produced by Breguet between 1948 and 1960. The gathering of multi-disciplinary information from the literature of the period of production with laboratory investigations has revealed that a “new” aluminum-copper-magnesium alloy was used in the rivets of the Breguet 765. The A-U3G alloy was developed to meet properties requirements of the aeronautical industry for joining sheets of aluminum and was used in the Breguet 765 Sahara to strengthen the joints. Analytical techniques included TEM, EPMA microprobe and metallography.","PeriodicalId":18884,"journal":{"name":"MRS Proceedings","volume":"30 1","pages":"285-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89903501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. García-Mora, I. Mejía, F. Reyes-Calderón, J. Cabrera
When high strength and high ductility are required, the Twinning Induced Plasticity steels are an excellent choice. Their mechanical advantages are perfectly known in the automotive industry. Then, they are currently deeply studied. During the deformation at high temperature, TWIP steel experiences dynamic recrystallization. This mechanism results from dislocation interactions, and it depends of temperature, stress, strain, and strain rate. Experimental data give the maximum stress reached by the material, but the critical stress which determinates the DRX onset must be calculated from the strain hardening rate. Both stress and strain change simultaneously, and this variation gives the analytic data to determine σc, which is located at the inflection point of θ-σ plot. The main purpose of this paper was to study how the chemical composition and the experimental parameters (temperature and strain rate) affect the DRX, by the calculation and analysis of the σc values. Hot compression tests were applied to a pair of TWIP steels to compare the DRX onset and its relationship with the vanadium addition. The experimental variables were temperature and strain rate. The true stress–true strain plots were used to calculate σc by cutting data up to a previous point before the σp value, then, a polynomial fit and derivation were applied. The Zener-Hollomon parameter (Z) versus the stresses (peak and critical) plots show how the micro-alloying element vanadium improves the strain hardening in the analyzed TWIP steels.
{"title":"Determination of Critical Stress for Dynamic Recrystallization of a High-Mn Austenitic TWIP Steel Micro-Alloyed with Vanadium","authors":"E. García-Mora, I. Mejía, F. Reyes-Calderón, J. Cabrera","doi":"10.1557/OPL.2016.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/OPL.2016.16","url":null,"abstract":"When high strength and high ductility are required, the Twinning Induced Plasticity steels are an excellent choice. Their mechanical advantages are perfectly known in the automotive industry. Then, they are currently deeply studied. During the deformation at high temperature, TWIP steel experiences dynamic recrystallization. This mechanism results from dislocation interactions, and it depends of temperature, stress, strain, and strain rate. Experimental data give the maximum stress reached by the material, but the critical stress which determinates the DRX onset must be calculated from the strain hardening rate. Both stress and strain change simultaneously, and this variation gives the analytic data to determine σc, which is located at the inflection point of θ-σ plot. The main purpose of this paper was to study how the chemical composition and the experimental parameters (temperature and strain rate) affect the DRX, by the calculation and analysis of the σc values. Hot compression tests were applied to a pair of TWIP steels to compare the DRX onset and its relationship with the vanadium addition. The experimental variables were temperature and strain rate. The true stress–true strain plots were used to calculate σc by cutting data up to a previous point before the σp value, then, a polynomial fit and derivation were applied. The Zener-Hollomon parameter (Z) versus the stresses (peak and critical) plots show how the micro-alloying element vanadium improves the strain hardening in the analyzed TWIP steels.","PeriodicalId":18884,"journal":{"name":"MRS Proceedings","volume":"69 1","pages":"41-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81621432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frictional behaviour of multilayered graphene was studied in air with different relative humidity (RH) levels (10–52% RH). Pin-on-disk type sliding tests were performed and the running-in and steady state coefficient of friction (COF) values were measured against M2 tool steel counterface. On increasing the RH, multilayered graphene showed a reduction in steady state COF from 0.11 at 10% RH to 0.08 at 52% RH. The low steady state COF values observed in graphene could be attributed to the transfer layer formed on the M2 tool steel counterface. A sliding-induced structural change was observed in graphene transfer layers which could have facilitated the graphitic transfer layer formation. The multilayered graphene showed a lower steady state COF values at all RH compared to non-hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (NH-DLC) which recorded a steady state COF of 0.47 at 10% RH and 0.25 at 52% RH.
{"title":"Friction Behaviour of Multilayered Graphene against Steel","authors":"A. Banerji, S. Bhowmick, M. Lukitsch, A. Alpas","doi":"10.1557/OPL.2016.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/OPL.2016.10","url":null,"abstract":"Frictional behaviour of multilayered graphene was studied in air with different relative humidity (RH) levels (10–52% RH). Pin-on-disk type sliding tests were performed and the running-in and steady state coefficient of friction (COF) values were measured against M2 tool steel counterface. On increasing the RH, multilayered graphene showed a reduction in steady state COF from 0.11 at 10% RH to 0.08 at 52% RH. The low steady state COF values observed in graphene could be attributed to the transfer layer formed on the M2 tool steel counterface. A sliding-induced structural change was observed in graphene transfer layers which could have facilitated the graphitic transfer layer formation. The multilayered graphene showed a lower steady state COF values at all RH compared to non-hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (NH-DLC) which recorded a steady state COF of 0.47 at 10% RH and 0.25 at 52% RH.","PeriodicalId":18884,"journal":{"name":"MRS Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80329281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Concrete is a composite material, composed of cement, sand, gravel and water, reinforced with steel bars or mesh. It is used for the construction of infrastructure assets such as airports, dams, ports, bridges and road ways. Polymer concrete is a relative new material containing a thermosetting resin (instead of water) displaying improved mechanical strength, low permeability, greater corrosion resistance and higher durability. It is employed for new construction and old concrete reparation in the chemical, food, fertilizer, mine and civil industries. Polymer concrete pipe specimens, reinforced with glass-fibers were prepared and exposed in a salt spray (fog) chamber, operating with a NaCl solution, following ASTM standard B-117-11. The deterioration effects were assessed by testing the physical and mechanical properties, before and after the exposure in the spray chamber, in accordance with standard ASTM D3039-2013. Corrosion resistance was evaluated applying ASTM standard C876-2013. The result of this work are presented, illustrated and discussed.
{"title":"Applications of polymer concrete in corrosive environments","authors":"C. Lora, J. Ocampo, B. Valdez, M. Schorr","doi":"10.1557/OPL.2016.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/OPL.2016.86","url":null,"abstract":"Concrete is a composite material, composed of cement, sand, gravel and water, reinforced with steel bars or mesh. It is used for the construction of infrastructure assets such as airports, dams, ports, bridges and road ways. Polymer concrete is a relative new material containing a thermosetting resin (instead of water) displaying improved mechanical strength, low permeability, greater corrosion resistance and higher durability. It is employed for new construction and old concrete reparation in the chemical, food, fertilizer, mine and civil industries. Polymer concrete pipe specimens, reinforced with glass-fibers were prepared and exposed in a salt spray (fog) chamber, operating with a NaCl solution, following ASTM standard B-117-11. The deterioration effects were assessed by testing the physical and mechanical properties, before and after the exposure in the spray chamber, in accordance with standard ASTM D3039-2013. Corrosion resistance was evaluated applying ASTM standard C876-2013. The result of this work are presented, illustrated and discussed.","PeriodicalId":18884,"journal":{"name":"MRS Proceedings","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72593435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. M. Medrano-Prieto, C. Garay-Reyes, C. Gómez-Esparza, R. Martínez-Sánchez
Commercial aluminum alloys corresponding to Al-Cu-Si family are commonly used in casting and molding process because their high castability. The main characteristics of these alloys are the excellent weight/strength relation in conjunction with wear and corrosion resistance. Additionally, the mechanical properties of these alloys could be enhanced by heat treatment. In Al A319 alloys, Cu and Mg are the main responsible to increase the mechanical properties after T6 heat treatment due to the precipitation of Al2Cu and Mg2Si and Al2CuMg phase [1]. Combined effects of Ni and Cu improve strength and hardness at relatively elevated temperature [2], Due to the low solubility of Ni in Al (0.04%), it has been reported the formation of FeAl9FeNi-type intermetallic, which is not totally dissolved with the typical solution treatments used in aluminum alloys [3]. Hayajneh et al., found that increasing amounts of intermetallic compounds Al3Ni, Al3(CuNi)2 and Al7Cu4Ni in Al-Cu alloy, the hardness increase [4]. The effect of Ni addition and solution treatment time on the microstructure and hardness of the Al A319 alloy are studied by Vickers microhardness (VHN), Rockwell B hardness (HRB), X Ray Diffraction (XRD), Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
{"title":"Influence of Solute Addition in the Microstructure and Hardness of the Al-Si-Cu Alloys","authors":"H. M. Medrano-Prieto, C. Garay-Reyes, C. Gómez-Esparza, R. Martínez-Sánchez","doi":"10.1557/OPL.2016.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/OPL.2016.92","url":null,"abstract":"Commercial aluminum alloys corresponding to Al-Cu-Si family are commonly used in casting and molding process because their high castability. The main characteristics of these alloys are the excellent weight/strength relation in conjunction with wear and corrosion resistance. Additionally, the mechanical properties of these alloys could be enhanced by heat treatment. In Al A319 alloys, Cu and Mg are the main responsible to increase the mechanical properties after T6 heat treatment due to the precipitation of Al2Cu and Mg2Si and Al2CuMg phase [1]. Combined effects of Ni and Cu improve strength and hardness at relatively elevated temperature [2], Due to the low solubility of Ni in Al (0.04%), it has been reported the formation of FeAl9FeNi-type intermetallic, which is not totally dissolved with the typical solution treatments used in aluminum alloys [3]. Hayajneh et al., found that increasing amounts of intermetallic compounds Al3Ni, Al3(CuNi)2 and Al7Cu4Ni in Al-Cu alloy, the hardness increase [4]. The effect of Ni addition and solution treatment time on the microstructure and hardness of the Al A319 alloy are studied by Vickers microhardness (VHN), Rockwell B hardness (HRB), X Ray Diffraction (XRD), Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).","PeriodicalId":18884,"journal":{"name":"MRS Proceedings","volume":"135 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77421514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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