Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-6836.21.S3-009
Mesfin Getu
Natural gas plant operations contribute hugely to the economies of many developed nations that depend on hydrocarbon resources. The plant operation is usually subjected to continuous variations in upstream conditions, such as flow rate, composition, temperature and pressure, which propagate through the plant and affect its stable operations. As a result, decision making for optimal operating conditions of an in-operation plant is a complex problem and it is exacerbated with the changing product specifications and variations in energy supplies. This work presents a new solution method to the problem, which is based on chance constrained optimization. A deterministic model is initially developed from process simulation using Aspen HYSYS and later converted to a chance constrained model. The probabilistic model is then relaxed to its equivalent deterministic form and solved for optimum solution using GAMS. The optimum solution is determined probabilistically using chance constraints that are held at a user-defined confidence level. Optimal solution is represented graphically as a trade-off between reliability of holding the process constraints and profitability of the plant. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate the new method. Optimization results show that uncertainty of plant parameters significantly affect the economic performance of the plant operation. The solution approach developed in this work is able to increase the reliability of maintaining the profit by more than 95% confidence level. As a result, the risk of constraints violation is reduced from more than 50% using the typical deterministic optimization to less than 5% with the developed chance constrained optimization model. In addition, the results from this study indicate that the variation of material flow from the plant inlet has greater impact by more than 86% on profit change compared to variation from the plant outlet, which is less than 2%. Sensitivity analysis results show on how to reduce the effect of N2, CO2 and C5+ by holding the corresponding constraint at a certain confidence level. The developed solution method can aid as guidelines to flexible plant operation decision making for the in-operating plant by satisfying all the process constraints at certain confidence level.
{"title":"A Probablisitic Approach for Optimal Operation of Gas Processing Plant under Uncertain inlet-outlet Conditions","authors":"Mesfin Getu","doi":"10.35248/2329-6836.21.S3-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6836.21.S3-009","url":null,"abstract":"Natural gas plant operations contribute hugely to the economies of many developed nations that depend on hydrocarbon resources. The plant operation is usually subjected to continuous variations in upstream conditions, such as flow rate, composition, temperature and pressure, which propagate through the plant and affect its stable operations. As a result, decision making for optimal operating conditions of an in-operation plant is a complex problem and it is exacerbated with the changing product specifications and variations in energy supplies. This work presents a new solution method to the problem, which is based on chance constrained optimization. A deterministic model is initially developed from process simulation using Aspen HYSYS and later converted to a chance constrained model. The probabilistic model is then relaxed to its equivalent deterministic form and solved for optimum solution using GAMS. The optimum solution is determined probabilistically using chance constraints that are held at a user-defined confidence level. Optimal solution is represented graphically as a trade-off between reliability of holding the process constraints and profitability of the plant. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate the new method. Optimization results show that uncertainty of plant parameters significantly affect the economic performance of the plant operation. The solution approach developed in this work is able to increase the reliability of maintaining the profit by more than 95% confidence level. As a result, the risk of constraints violation is reduced from more than 50% using the typical deterministic optimization to less than 5% with the developed chance constrained optimization model. In addition, the results from this study indicate that the variation of material flow from the plant inlet has greater impact by more than 86% on profit change compared to variation from the plant outlet, which is less than 2%. Sensitivity analysis results show on how to reduce the effect of N2, CO2 and C5+ by holding the corresponding constraint at a certain confidence level. The developed solution method can aid as guidelines to flexible plant operation decision making for the in-operating plant by satisfying all the process constraints at certain confidence level.","PeriodicalId":18897,"journal":{"name":"Natural products chemistry & research","volume":"35 1","pages":"8-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75146476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-6836.21.9.392
Zelalem Abdisa, Kalkidan Tarekegn
Objective: Different parts of Albizia schimperiana are used for treatment of different types of diseases. In Ethiopia traditionally people use Albizia schimperiana to treat headache and other pains. In Tanzania the stem bark is used to treat warts, the leaf has shown significant antimicrobial and potential anti-helmintic activity. The main objective of the study was to identify the phytochemical constituents, and evaluate antibacterial and radical scavenging activities of root wood and root bark extracts of A. schimperiana. Method: The root of A. schimperiana was collected from east wollega zone, Nekemte town, in May 2018. The collected plant root was washed with distilled water and peeled so that the root wood and root bark were dried separately under shade at room temperature and ground in to powder using analytical mill. The bioactive constituents of the root of A. schimperiana were extracted through maceration technique using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol. The antibacterial assay was determined using disc diffusion method against four bacteria strains while the antioxidant activity of the plant extracts were investigated spectrophotometrically using DPPH. Result: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, saponins, flavonoids, anthraquinones and terpenoids and absence of tannins and steroids in both root parts. The root extracts were active against all the tested bacterial strains. The root wood extracts of acetone and ethyl acetate demonstrated strong zone of inhibition against S. aureus (30mm) and E. coli (30 mm) at 100 mg/mL, as compared to the reference antibiotic gentamicin (20 mm). The methanol root wood extract of A. schimperiana has shown better DPPH radical scavenging activity at 1 mg/mL (89.8%) when compared to the methanol root bark extract (71.6%) at the same concentration. Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that the root extracts of A. schimperiana owned many phytochemicals that exhibited promising antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Therefore, the root of A. schimperiana can serve as a potential source for development of new drugs as well as finding natural antioxidants that could assist the body in fighting disease like cancers.
{"title":"Phytochemical Screening, Antibacterial and Radical Scavenging Activities of Root Wood and Root Bark Extracts of Albizia schimperiana","authors":"Zelalem Abdisa, Kalkidan Tarekegn","doi":"10.35248/2329-6836.21.9.392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6836.21.9.392","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Different parts of Albizia schimperiana are used for treatment of different types of diseases. In Ethiopia traditionally people use Albizia schimperiana to treat headache and other pains. In Tanzania the stem bark is used to treat warts, the leaf has shown significant antimicrobial and potential anti-helmintic activity. The main objective of the study was to identify the phytochemical constituents, and evaluate antibacterial and radical scavenging activities of root wood and root bark extracts of A. schimperiana. Method: The root of A. schimperiana was collected from east wollega zone, Nekemte town, in May 2018. The collected plant root was washed with distilled water and peeled so that the root wood and root bark were dried separately under shade at room temperature and ground in to powder using analytical mill. The bioactive constituents of the root of A. schimperiana were extracted through maceration technique using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol. The antibacterial assay was determined using disc diffusion method against four bacteria strains while the antioxidant activity of the plant extracts were investigated spectrophotometrically using DPPH. Result: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, saponins, flavonoids, anthraquinones and terpenoids and absence of tannins and steroids in both root parts. The root extracts were active against all the tested bacterial strains. The root wood extracts of acetone and ethyl acetate demonstrated strong zone of inhibition against S. aureus (30mm) and E. coli (30 mm) at 100 mg/mL, as compared to the reference antibiotic gentamicin (20 mm). The methanol root wood extract of A. schimperiana has shown better DPPH radical scavenging activity at 1 mg/mL (89.8%) when compared to the methanol root bark extract (71.6%) at the same concentration. Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that the root extracts of A. schimperiana owned many phytochemicals that exhibited promising antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Therefore, the root of A. schimperiana can serve as a potential source for development of new drugs as well as finding natural antioxidants that could assist the body in fighting disease like cancers.","PeriodicalId":18897,"journal":{"name":"Natural products chemistry & research","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81124739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-6836.21.S3-011
Vivek Ruhil
Scientific research in the field of energy has been focused on the findings of newer alternatives to that of conventional resources. The demand for the production of alternatives for clean energy sources has risen with the increase in depletion of oil reserves, environmental pollution, and to diversify energy resources for the country’s future energy security. More particularly, the emission of pollutants from C.I engines of automobiles has initiated the research for clean and diesel alternative fuel, such as Dimethyl Ether so that we could climb up towards green economy. DME appears to be a reliable option because it can be produced from non-fossil feedstocks, but also for its low greenhouse emissions, versatility and safety. It is well known that DME could be used as a proper substitute for diesel or LPG in the coming years as it is found to have high cetane number and ignition temperature near to that of diesel. DME, as a solution to environmental pollution and diminishing energy supplies, was synthesized more efficiently, compared to conventional methods, using a Bench-top fixed bed micro reactor unit for methanol dehydration to DME over Silica doped Alumina(SIRALOX-1 (Alumina 99% and Silica 1%) catalyst with high activity and stability. Even though, Alumina based catalysts are suitable with its weak to medium acidity, due to their hydrophilic nature, water adsorbs competitively with methanol. 2CH3OH ↔ CH3OCH3 +H2O ΔH= -21.225 kJ/mole Here in my work a kinetic model has been established for the dehydration of methanol to DME over γ-Al2O3 acid function. The kinetic model considers the reaction of methanol dehydration to be elementary. The effect of water in the reaction medium (due to the high adsorption capacity of γ-Al2O3) has been considered by adding a term to the reaction rate expression, which takes into account the partial inhibition of active site activity. Thirteen different models have been tested. The selection of the best model has been carried out on the basis of the Fisher test.
{"title":"Kinetic Modelling for the Dehydration of Methanol to Dimethyl Ether over silica doped ?-Al2O3","authors":"Vivek Ruhil","doi":"10.35248/2329-6836.21.S3-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6836.21.S3-011","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific research in the field of energy has been focused on the findings of newer alternatives to that of conventional resources. The demand for the production of alternatives for clean energy sources has risen with the increase in depletion of oil reserves, environmental pollution, and to diversify energy resources for the country’s future energy security. More particularly, the emission of pollutants from C.I engines of automobiles has initiated the research for clean and diesel alternative fuel, such as Dimethyl Ether so that we could climb up towards green economy. DME appears to be a reliable option because it can be produced from non-fossil feedstocks, but also for its low greenhouse emissions, versatility and safety. It is well known that DME could be used as a proper substitute for diesel or LPG in the coming years as it is found to have high cetane number and ignition temperature near to that of diesel. DME, as a solution to environmental pollution and diminishing energy supplies, was synthesized more efficiently, compared to conventional methods, using a Bench-top fixed bed micro reactor unit for methanol dehydration to DME over Silica doped Alumina(SIRALOX-1 (Alumina 99% and Silica 1%) catalyst with high activity and stability. Even though, Alumina based catalysts are suitable with its weak to medium acidity, due to their hydrophilic nature, water adsorbs competitively with methanol. 2CH3OH ↔ CH3OCH3 +H2O ΔH= -21.225 kJ/mole Here in my work a kinetic model has been established for the dehydration of methanol to DME over γ-Al2O3 acid function. The kinetic model considers the reaction of methanol dehydration to be elementary. The effect of water in the reaction medium (due to the high adsorption capacity of γ-Al2O3) has been considered by adding a term to the reaction rate expression, which takes into account the partial inhibition of active site activity. Thirteen different models have been tested. The selection of the best model has been carried out on the basis of the Fisher test.","PeriodicalId":18897,"journal":{"name":"Natural products chemistry & research","volume":"131 1","pages":"10-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86769257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-6836.21.S3-007
P. Lalit, Ey
The present study describes elaborately the isolation of a potential biosurfactant producing and crude oil degrading (1-5%) strains isolated from the Assam oil reservoir field. The produced biosurfactant was chemically characterized for its applicability for the enhanced oil recovery applications in terms of wetting, interfacial tension (IFT) and oil washing. From the seven isolated strains, Bacillus tequilensis MK 729017 was chosen based on the better surface active properties as it reduced the surface tension to 30 ± 2 mN/m along with a moderate emulsification index of 66 ± 2 %. The produced biosurfactant was chemically identified to be lipopeptide, surfactin with a lower critical micelle concentration value of 90 mg/L. The carbon source and environmental parameters were optimized for the maximum concentration of the biosurfactant using RSM-CCD. The maximum biosurfactant concentration was measured to be 7.46 ± 0.39 g/L and Y_PS was determined as 0.45. The specific growth rate of the isolate was 0.15 ± 0.01 h-1 and Y_XS was estimated as 0.1. The produced biosurfactant was also found to be thermal and colloidal stable. The biosurfactant solutions altered wettability of hydrophobic rock surface from 90 ± 1o to 26 ± 1o indicating a better interfacial interaction. The IFT of the produced biosurfactant was found to be 0.32 ± 0.02 mN/m. The oil washing efficiency (80 ± 2 %) of the produced surfactin was comparable with chemical surfactants and the process involved two-steps: initial a faster (surface) washing followed by a slower (internal) washing. The first process was dependent on micelle sizes, while the later was dependent on water-oil emulsion size. The lower emulsion size of surfactin contributed to a greater internal washing as compared to chemical surfactants. These observations endorse the potential of the isolated strain towards biosurfactant production and its application in microbial enhanced oil recovery process.
{"title":"Oil washing proficiency of biosurfactant produced by a novel Bacillus tequilensis MK 729017 isolated from Assam reservoir soil","authors":"P. Lalit, Ey","doi":"10.35248/2329-6836.21.S3-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6836.21.S3-007","url":null,"abstract":"The present study describes elaborately the isolation of a potential biosurfactant producing and crude oil degrading (1-5%) strains isolated from the Assam oil reservoir field. The produced biosurfactant was chemically characterized for its applicability for the enhanced oil recovery applications in terms of wetting, interfacial tension (IFT) and oil washing. From the seven isolated strains, Bacillus tequilensis MK 729017 was chosen based on the better surface active properties as it reduced the surface tension to 30 ± 2 mN/m along with a moderate emulsification index of 66 ± 2 %. The produced biosurfactant was chemically identified to be lipopeptide, surfactin with a lower critical micelle concentration value of 90 mg/L. The carbon source and environmental parameters were optimized for the maximum concentration of the biosurfactant using RSM-CCD. The maximum biosurfactant concentration was measured to be 7.46 ± 0.39 g/L and Y_PS was determined as 0.45. The specific growth rate of the isolate was 0.15 ± 0.01 h-1 and Y_XS was estimated as 0.1. The produced biosurfactant was also found to be thermal and colloidal stable. The biosurfactant solutions altered wettability of hydrophobic rock surface from 90 ± 1o to 26 ± 1o indicating a better interfacial interaction. The IFT of the produced biosurfactant was found to be 0.32 ± 0.02 mN/m. The oil washing efficiency (80 ± 2 %) of the produced surfactin was comparable with chemical surfactants and the process involved two-steps: initial a faster (surface) washing followed by a slower (internal) washing. The first process was dependent on micelle sizes, while the later was dependent on water-oil emulsion size. The lower emulsion size of surfactin contributed to a greater internal washing as compared to chemical surfactants. These observations endorse the potential of the isolated strain towards biosurfactant production and its application in microbial enhanced oil recovery process.","PeriodicalId":18897,"journal":{"name":"Natural products chemistry & research","volume":"78 1","pages":"6-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89241905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-6836.21.9.399
Eric Y Cheng
{"title":"Aspochalasins, a Structurally Diverse Fungal Derived Bioactive Sub-group of Cytochalasans and Their Activities","authors":"Eric Y Cheng","doi":"10.35248/2329-6836.21.9.399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6836.21.9.399","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18897,"journal":{"name":"Natural products chemistry & research","volume":"106 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75100754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-6836.21.9.400
S. A. Mazhar, R. Anjum, A. Anwar, A. A. Khan
Background: Miswak ( Salvadora persica ) was employed by the Babylonians 7000 years ago followed by the Greek, Romans, Egyptians and Islamic empires. Persistence of Miswak nowadays is especially of a spiritual character and is usually utilized in Muslim countries. The Messenger of Allah, Muhammed (PBUH), in several narrations in authentic religious scriptures emphasizes the importance of miswak. “Miswak cleanses the mouth, sharpens eyesight, strengthens the gums, whitens the teeth, prevents cavity, facilitates digestion, restores the stomach to health, brings an end to the phlegm, and multiplies good deeds. An individual employing a miswak pleases Allah subhanahuta’ala and delights angels.” (Abu Nu’aym) The miswak has numerous benefits, the lightest of which is that it dispels distress. Besides, it also slows the aging process. Objective: To explore the various narrations of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in authentic scriptures about Miswak ( Salvadora persica ) and to rule out its efficacy on the basis of scientific studies. Methods: Thorough literature review including Ahadith and various scientific studies including those conducted by World Health Organization related to Miswak to serve the objective. Discussion: In numerous studies conducted by the World Health Organization, and other independent research groups, Miswak has been shown to contain variety of active anti-bacterial compounds that actively fight bacterial growth within the mouth. Many epidemiological studies revealed that it had strong anti-decay effects. Strong evidence from the available descriptive and experimental studies supports the view that it are often a potent oral hygiene tool. Antioxidant enzymes like peroxidase, catalase, and polyphenol oxidase present in Miswak are said to possess anti-carcinogenic properties. Additionally, the active ingredients present in Miswak have analgesic, or pain relieving properties that help affect inflammation and pain, especially within the gums. Conclusion: It has numerous antibacterial qualities which makes it a perfect alternative to the modern day toothbrush. Its use as a preventive measure has been established via research. Vesicle based model protocells were regulated by the incorporated DNA length, and not the base pair sequence due to the presence of a supramolecular catalyst (lipo-deoxyribozyme) composed of DNA and lipophilic catalysts. The DNA length dependent dynamics of the self-reproducing GVs containing different length of DNA were examined by three independent experiments; Population analysis by flow cytometric measurements, counting of increased numbers of protocells and direct morphological observation of a single GV by confocal microscopy. These results may shed light on the information system in the prebiotic stage, when the central dogma was not established. Notably, recent reports have revealed the possible influence of DNA length on the activation of living cells through the complexation of DNA to an enzyme in non-sequenti
{"title":"Contemplating the Relevance and Efficacy of Miswak (Salvadora Persica) inScientific Era: A Comprehensive Care from the Treasures of Tibbe Nabawi(Prophetic Medicine)","authors":"S. A. Mazhar, R. Anjum, A. Anwar, A. A. Khan","doi":"10.35248/2329-6836.21.9.400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6836.21.9.400","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Miswak ( Salvadora persica ) was employed by the Babylonians 7000 years ago followed by the Greek, Romans, Egyptians and Islamic empires. Persistence of Miswak nowadays is especially of a spiritual character and is usually utilized in Muslim countries. The Messenger of Allah, Muhammed (PBUH), in several narrations in authentic religious scriptures emphasizes the importance of miswak. “Miswak cleanses the mouth, sharpens eyesight, strengthens the gums, whitens the teeth, prevents cavity, facilitates digestion, restores the stomach to health, brings an end to the phlegm, and multiplies good deeds. An individual employing a miswak pleases Allah subhanahuta’ala and delights angels.” (Abu Nu’aym) The miswak has numerous benefits, the lightest of which is that it dispels distress. Besides, it also slows the aging process. Objective: To explore the various narrations of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in authentic scriptures about Miswak ( Salvadora persica ) and to rule out its efficacy on the basis of scientific studies. Methods: Thorough literature review including Ahadith and various scientific studies including those conducted by World Health Organization related to Miswak to serve the objective. Discussion: In numerous studies conducted by the World Health Organization, and other independent research groups, Miswak has been shown to contain variety of active anti-bacterial compounds that actively fight bacterial growth within the mouth. Many epidemiological studies revealed that it had strong anti-decay effects. Strong evidence from the available descriptive and experimental studies supports the view that it are often a potent oral hygiene tool. Antioxidant enzymes like peroxidase, catalase, and polyphenol oxidase present in Miswak are said to possess anti-carcinogenic properties. Additionally, the active ingredients present in Miswak have analgesic, or pain relieving properties that help affect inflammation and pain, especially within the gums. Conclusion: It has numerous antibacterial qualities which makes it a perfect alternative to the modern day toothbrush. Its use as a preventive measure has been established via research. Vesicle based model protocells were regulated by the incorporated DNA length, and not the base pair sequence due to the presence of a supramolecular catalyst (lipo-deoxyribozyme) composed of DNA and lipophilic catalysts. The DNA length dependent dynamics of the self-reproducing GVs containing different length of DNA were examined by three independent experiments; Population analysis by flow cytometric measurements, counting of increased numbers of protocells and direct morphological observation of a single GV by confocal microscopy. These results may shed light on the information system in the prebiotic stage, when the central dogma was not established. Notably, recent reports have revealed the possible influence of DNA length on the activation of living cells through the complexation of DNA to an enzyme in non-sequenti","PeriodicalId":18897,"journal":{"name":"Natural products chemistry & research","volume":"60 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74638576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-6836.21.S3-012
Saleheedin
Oil fields are exploited either by onshore or offshore drilling, the latter entail some additional requirements because it is different from the first.Hydrocarbon exploration at sea is one of the most important topics nowadays. It demands a floating support that meets different specifications in order to perfectly achieve the targeted objective.Through this modest work, we have conducted a general study of this type of exploration , we outlined the Algerian offshore field, we then studied the case of Bej1 project in the Algerian territorial waters which is classified as an Ultra deep-water (Total depth of 19700 feet including 6600 feet as water depth, we chose the most adequate Offshore Drilling unit for Bej1, and we emphasized the added value digitalization can bring in optimizing drilling programs throughout drilling parameters extracted from neighboring wells (WOB, Pump Strokes Rate, bit rpm…) delivering best Rate of penetration (ROP) for each and every single formation using the data available online of Volva field located in the north sea .
{"title":"Algerian offshore project BEJ-1: the appropriate mobile offshore drilling unit and the use of digitalization in optimizing drilling operations.","authors":"Saleheedin","doi":"10.35248/2329-6836.21.S3-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6836.21.S3-012","url":null,"abstract":"Oil fields are exploited either by onshore or offshore drilling, the latter entail some additional requirements because it is different from the first.Hydrocarbon exploration at sea is one of the most important topics nowadays. It demands a floating support that meets different specifications in order to perfectly achieve the targeted objective.Through this modest work, we have conducted a general study of this type of exploration , we outlined the Algerian offshore field, we then studied the case of Bej1 project in the Algerian territorial waters which is classified as an Ultra deep-water (Total depth of 19700 feet including 6600 feet as water depth, we chose the most adequate Offshore Drilling unit for Bej1, and we emphasized the added value digitalization can bring in optimizing drilling programs throughout drilling parameters extracted from neighboring wells (WOB, Pump Strokes Rate, bit rpm…) delivering best Rate of penetration (ROP) for each and every single formation using the data available online of Volva field located in the north sea .","PeriodicalId":18897,"journal":{"name":"Natural products chemistry & research","volume":"42 1","pages":"11-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82952516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-6836.21.9.402
D. Kushwah
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered CORONAVIRUS. It's a type of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. The symptoms of SARS-nCOV-2 cause dry cough, fever, Tiredness, and difficulty of breathing (severe cases). We can cure the symptoms and defects of the whole body (vata, pitta, kapha) caused by the system and its qualitative therapists.
{"title":"Corona Virus and Ayurveda 2021","authors":"D. Kushwah","doi":"10.35248/2329-6836.21.9.402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6836.21.9.402","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered CORONAVIRUS. It's a type of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. The symptoms of SARS-nCOV-2 cause dry cough, fever, Tiredness, and difficulty of breathing (severe cases). We can cure the symptoms and defects of the whole body (vata, pitta, kapha) caused by the system and its qualitative therapists.","PeriodicalId":18897,"journal":{"name":"Natural products chemistry & research","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82734739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-6836.21.S3-008
Madhuri M. Bhagat
A novel mechanochemical method was used to synthesize the Zn (Metal) and N (Non-metal) doped and pure Tin (II) Sulphide. The synthesis was simply performed by hand grinding the reactants in mortar- pestle. The synthesised Zn and N doped Tin (II) Sulphide was characterised by the characterisation techniques SEM, EDX, XRD, UV-Visible Spectroscopy and photoluminescence Spectroscopy. The formation of nano size particles of the SnS was confirmed by SEM. The Elemental analysis was confirmed by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy. The band gap was calculated with the help of UV- Visible Spectroscopy. The photoluminescence property of Zn and N doped and pure SnS was studied by the Photoluminescence Spectroscopy. The Photocatalytic activity of doped and pure Tin (II) Sulphide was studied by the successful degradation of Brilliant Green dye. The factors pH and photocatalyst concentration have found a great effect on the photocatalytic activity of Zn and N doped Tin (II) Sulphide and pure Tin (II) Sulphide.
{"title":"A novel mechanochemical synthesis of Zn and N doped Tin (II) Sulphide nanoparticles and its photocatalytic activity by the degradation of Brilliant Green dye.","authors":"Madhuri M. Bhagat","doi":"10.35248/2329-6836.21.S3-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6836.21.S3-008","url":null,"abstract":"A novel mechanochemical method was used to synthesize the Zn (Metal) and N (Non-metal) doped and pure Tin (II) Sulphide. The synthesis was simply performed by hand grinding the reactants in mortar- pestle. The synthesised Zn and N doped Tin (II) Sulphide was characterised by the characterisation techniques SEM, EDX, XRD, UV-Visible Spectroscopy and photoluminescence Spectroscopy. The formation of nano size particles of the SnS was confirmed by SEM. The Elemental analysis was confirmed by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy. The band gap was calculated with the help of UV- Visible Spectroscopy. The photoluminescence property of Zn and N doped and pure SnS was studied by the Photoluminescence Spectroscopy. The Photocatalytic activity of doped and pure Tin (II) Sulphide was studied by the successful degradation of Brilliant Green dye. The factors pH and photocatalyst concentration have found a great effect on the photocatalytic activity of Zn and N doped Tin (II) Sulphide and pure Tin (II) Sulphide.","PeriodicalId":18897,"journal":{"name":"Natural products chemistry & research","volume":"17 1","pages":"7-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81159002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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