Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-6836.20.8.03
N. Banapurmath
The potential of use nanoparticles like aluminium oxide, grapheme oxide, Zinc oxide, Cobalt and Manganese as fuel additives was investigated on different non-edible derived biodiesels and their blends with diesel. The biodiesels such as dairy scum oil methyl ester (DSOME), Honge oil methyl ester (HOME) and Simarouba oil methyl ester (SuOME) were selected for the study and their B20 blends were prepared using diesel respectively. The Nano-fuel blends were prepared by dispersing different nanoparticles in varying quantities in a B20 blends (20% biodiesel and 80% diesel). Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an anionic surfactant, was used for a stable dispersion of different nanoparticles in the fuel blends. Biodiesel (B20) fuels with concentration levels of 20, 40, 60 and 80 ppm of different nanoparticles (Biodiesel20, Biodiesel2040, Biodiesel2060 and Biodiesel2080) with varying ratios of SDS surfactants were prepared using ultrasonication technique. The investigated properties of diesel, biodiesel and the Nano-fuel blends were found to be in good agreement with the ASTM D6751-15 standards. The dispersion and homogeneity were established and characterized by using the Ultraviolet Visible (UVeVis) spectrometry. The UVeVis spectrometry results illustrated an increase in absorbance level with a relative increase in the concentration of the surfactant. The highest absolute value of UV-absorbency was observed for a mass fraction of 1:4 (NPs to SDS ratio). Experimental investigation was performed in a modified diesel engine operated at both low (200-260 bar) and high pressure (600-900 bar) injection of Nano-biodiesel blends at a constant speed of 1500 rpm, demonstrated an overall improvement in the engine parameters, the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) enhanced by 11.25%, while there was a decline in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by 12.25% and the engine exhaust emission: HC, CO, and smoke reduced by 27.52%, 47.63%, and 23.44%, while the NOx increased by 11.15%. Higher injection pressures of 900 bar showed further improvements in the results. Among the Nano-particles used addition of graphene nanoparticles in biodiesel fuel blends resulted in significant reduction in the combustion duration, ignition delay period, improvement in the peak pressure, heat release rate, and cylinder pressure at maximum loading condition. It is concluded that a dosage of 40 to 60 ppm of Graphene NPs in Biodiesel 20 had the ideal enhancement in the overall characteristics of engine performance and emissions.
{"title":"Studies on the effects of nano-additive based biodiesels on low- and high-pressure injection assisted diesel engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics","authors":"N. Banapurmath","doi":"10.35248/2329-6836.20.8.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6836.20.8.03","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of use nanoparticles like aluminium oxide, grapheme oxide, Zinc oxide, Cobalt and Manganese as fuel additives was investigated on different non-edible derived biodiesels and their blends with diesel. The biodiesels such as dairy scum oil methyl ester (DSOME), Honge oil methyl ester (HOME) and Simarouba oil methyl ester (SuOME) were selected for the study and their B20 blends were prepared using diesel respectively. The Nano-fuel blends were prepared by dispersing different nanoparticles in varying quantities in a B20 blends (20% biodiesel and 80% diesel). Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an anionic surfactant, was used for a stable dispersion of different nanoparticles in the fuel blends. Biodiesel (B20) fuels with concentration levels of 20, 40, 60 and 80 ppm of different nanoparticles (Biodiesel20, Biodiesel2040, Biodiesel2060 and Biodiesel2080) with varying ratios of SDS surfactants were prepared using ultrasonication technique. The investigated properties of diesel, biodiesel and the Nano-fuel blends were found to be in good agreement with the ASTM D6751-15 standards. The dispersion and homogeneity were established and characterized by using the Ultraviolet Visible (UVeVis) spectrometry. The UVeVis spectrometry results illustrated an increase in absorbance level with a relative increase in the concentration of the surfactant. The highest absolute value of UV-absorbency was observed for a mass fraction of 1:4 (NPs to SDS ratio). Experimental investigation was performed in a modified diesel engine operated at both low (200-260 bar) and high pressure (600-900 bar) injection of Nano-biodiesel blends at a constant speed of 1500 rpm, demonstrated an overall improvement in the engine parameters, the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) enhanced by 11.25%, while there was a decline in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by 12.25% and the engine exhaust emission: HC, CO, and smoke reduced by 27.52%, 47.63%, and 23.44%, while the NOx increased by 11.15%. Higher injection pressures of 900 bar showed further improvements in the results. Among the Nano-particles used addition of graphene nanoparticles in biodiesel fuel blends resulted in significant reduction in the combustion duration, ignition delay period, improvement in the peak pressure, heat release rate, and cylinder pressure at maximum loading condition. It is concluded that a dosage of 40 to 60 ppm of Graphene NPs in Biodiesel 20 had the ideal enhancement in the overall characteristics of engine performance and emissions.","PeriodicalId":18897,"journal":{"name":"Natural products chemistry & research","volume":"13 1","pages":"3-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75622669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-6836.20.8.02
Ramesh L Gardas
Solvents are major contributors and high on the list of environmental damage chemicals, mainly because of their large usage and high volatility. The widespread use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in many industrial chemical processes is an issue of great environmental concern. It is an extremely important task to search of potentially green and environment friendly alternatives for VOCs. At least a partial solution to this problem may offer by a novel class of molten salts referred to as ionic liquids (having melting point, generally, below boiling point of water), as they possess unique combination of particular properties, namely negligible vapour pressure (~ 10-11 to 10-10 bar at room temperature), wide thermal window (~ -50 °C to +250 °C), wide electrochemical window (~ ±3 Volt vs. NHE), non-flammability, high ionic conductivity and a highly solvating capacity for organic, inorganic and organometallic compounds. This unique combination of particular properties leads them to be exploited as “green solvents” and giving them increasing attention in academic and industrial research. Research areas on ionic liquids are growing very rapidly and the potential application are numerous, mainly due to the fact that simple changes in the cation and anion combinations or the nature of the moieties attached to each ion allow the physical properties of ionic liquids such as hydrophobicity, viscosity, density, coordinating ability, ion selectivity, and chemical and electrochemical stability to be tailored for specific applications. Proposed talk will include the introduction of green solvents, ionic liquids, general applications of ionic liquids and understanding unique thermophysical properties of novel ionic liquids for dissolution of tank bottom sludge, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), and desulphurization of fuels. Further, the effects of thermophysical properties of ionic liquids on these applications and current research trends on ionic liquids as green solvents for the petrochemical industry will be discussed.
{"title":"Ionic Liquids as Additives for Enhancing the Extraction, Absorption and Dissolution Processes","authors":"Ramesh L Gardas","doi":"10.35248/2329-6836.20.8.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6836.20.8.02","url":null,"abstract":"Solvents are major contributors and high on the list of environmental damage chemicals, mainly because of their large usage and high volatility. The widespread use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in many industrial chemical processes is an issue of great environmental concern. It is an extremely important task to search of potentially green and environment friendly alternatives for VOCs. At least a partial solution to this problem may offer by a novel class of molten salts referred to as ionic liquids (having melting point, generally, below boiling point of water), as they possess unique combination of particular properties, namely negligible vapour pressure (~ 10-11 to 10-10 bar at room temperature), wide thermal window (~ -50 °C to +250 °C), wide electrochemical window (~ ±3 Volt vs. NHE), non-flammability, high ionic conductivity and a highly solvating capacity for organic, inorganic and organometallic compounds. This unique combination of particular properties leads them to be exploited as “green solvents” and giving them increasing attention in academic and industrial research. Research areas on ionic liquids are growing very rapidly and the potential application are numerous, mainly due to the fact that simple changes in the cation and anion combinations or the nature of the moieties attached to each ion allow the physical properties of ionic liquids such as hydrophobicity, viscosity, density, coordinating ability, ion selectivity, and chemical and electrochemical stability to be tailored for specific applications. Proposed talk will include the introduction of green solvents, ionic liquids, general applications of ionic liquids and understanding unique thermophysical properties of novel ionic liquids for dissolution of tank bottom sludge, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), and desulphurization of fuels. Further, the effects of thermophysical properties of ionic liquids on these applications and current research trends on ionic liquids as green solvents for the petrochemical industry will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":18897,"journal":{"name":"Natural products chemistry & research","volume":"10 1","pages":"2-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78163283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-6836.20.8.E126
D. Zhu
{"title":"Science and Applications of Natural Products and Chemistry","authors":"D. Zhu","doi":"10.35248/2329-6836.20.8.E126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6836.20.8.E126","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18897,"journal":{"name":"Natural products chemistry & research","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86445116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-12DOI: 10.35248/2329-6836.19.7.362
T. H. T. Hoa, Nguyen Duc Hoan, Hoàng Thị Vân An, H. T. Hoai, C. P. Son, P. Hansen
Compounds from the leaves of Ilex kaushue have been isolated: uvaol, 3β, stigmast-5-en-yl-β-D-glucopyranoside and three kudinosides C, D and E. Biological testing both for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of crude fractions showed activity possibly supporting the common belief that tea of these leaves is potentially healthy.
{"title":"Isolation and Biological Testing of Constituents from Ilex kaushue S.Y.Hu (Aquifoliaceae) Vietnam","authors":"T. H. T. Hoa, Nguyen Duc Hoan, Hoàng Thị Vân An, H. T. Hoai, C. P. Son, P. Hansen","doi":"10.35248/2329-6836.19.7.362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6836.19.7.362","url":null,"abstract":"Compounds from the leaves of Ilex kaushue have been isolated: uvaol, 3β, stigmast-5-en-yl-β-D-glucopyranoside and three kudinosides C, D and E. Biological testing both for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of crude fractions showed activity possibly supporting the common belief that tea of these leaves is potentially healthy.","PeriodicalId":18897,"journal":{"name":"Natural products chemistry & research","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88422541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.354
R. Kannan, N. Dharanipriya
Red algal seaweed Liagora ceranoides collected from Rameswaram coast, Tamilnadu, India was investigated for its repellent, antifeedant, larvicidal, insect growth regulatory activities on Spodoptera litura during 2016-18. Larvicidal action of methanol extract of sea weed was observed from first day of treatment and exhibited gradual increase in mortality up to fifth day. The seaweed’s methanol extracts @200 μl/L concentration resulted 80.00 per cent larval mortality and the survived larvae got pupated. No repellent and antifeedant activity was observed among the treatments. Adult emergence was not observed at 200 μl/L concentration with a pupal: adult conversion ratio of 1:0.00 whereas in control and solvent control the ratio was 1:1.00. Twenty- three phytochemicals were identified in L. ceranoides using GC-MS detection system (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) respectively and few of them may be responsible for ant-insect properties.
{"title":"Studies on Methanolic Extract of Brown Algal Seaweed Liagora ceranoides J.V. Lamouroux from Southern Coast of Tamilnadu: In vitro Anti-Insect Properties and Phytochemicals","authors":"R. Kannan, N. Dharanipriya","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.354","url":null,"abstract":"Red algal seaweed Liagora ceranoides collected from Rameswaram coast, Tamilnadu, India was investigated for its repellent, antifeedant, larvicidal, insect growth regulatory activities on Spodoptera litura during 2016-18. Larvicidal action of methanol extract of sea weed was observed from first day of treatment and exhibited gradual increase in mortality up to fifth day. The seaweed’s methanol extracts @200 μl/L concentration resulted 80.00 per cent larval mortality and the survived larvae got pupated. No repellent and antifeedant activity was observed among the treatments. Adult emergence was not observed at 200 μl/L concentration with a pupal: adult conversion ratio of 1:0.00 whereas in control and solvent control the ratio was 1:1.00. Twenty- three phytochemicals were identified in L. ceranoides using GC-MS detection system (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) respectively and few of them may be responsible for ant-insect properties.","PeriodicalId":18897,"journal":{"name":"Natural products chemistry & research","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73721813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-6836.19.7.359
Ashiq Khan, M. Ishaq, A. Ahmed, Xusheng Guo, Israr Khan, A. Q. Khan
Rhizosphere is soil nearest area to root system that inhabits the microorganisms and capable to colonize very well to the roots. These microorganisms are stated as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Plants depend upon valuable interactions between these microbes and roots for growth promotion, nutrient availability and disease suppression and they fulfil vital functions for plant growth. Many secrets of microorganisms in the rhizosphere are recently discovered due to the massive advancement in the molecular and other microscopic tools. This paper describes current knowledge on the development, maintenance and interaction of microbial communities and the diverse mechanisms commonly used by the most PGPR in rhizosphere that are beneficial to plant growth and development. Furthermore, this study describes the plant growth development by single and number of inoculations of PGPR and mycorrhizal fungi as well as the factor affecting the microbiomes in the rhizosphere have also describe and reviewed completely.
{"title":"Beneficial Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Rhizosphere, its Applications and Plant Growth: A Review","authors":"Ashiq Khan, M. Ishaq, A. Ahmed, Xusheng Guo, Israr Khan, A. Q. Khan","doi":"10.35248/2329-6836.19.7.359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6836.19.7.359","url":null,"abstract":"Rhizosphere is soil nearest area to root system that inhabits the microorganisms and capable to colonize very well to the roots. These microorganisms are stated as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Plants depend upon valuable interactions between these microbes and roots for growth promotion, nutrient availability and disease suppression and they fulfil vital functions for plant growth. Many secrets of microorganisms in the rhizosphere are recently discovered due to the massive advancement in the molecular and other microscopic tools. This paper describes current knowledge on the development, maintenance and interaction of microbial communities and the diverse mechanisms commonly used by the most PGPR in rhizosphere that are beneficial to plant growth and development. Furthermore, this study describes the plant growth development by single and number of inoculations of PGPR and mycorrhizal fungi as well as the factor affecting the microbiomes in the rhizosphere have also describe and reviewed completely.","PeriodicalId":18897,"journal":{"name":"Natural products chemistry & research","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90869311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-6836.19.7.363
Sylvenus Aguree, Peter Jagri Onilimor
The search for novel drugs is gaining prominence from plant sources due to the abundance of bioactive constituents in plants. This research established the bioactive constituents and antimicrobial activities of the stem bark extracts (Methanol, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether) of Heisteria parvifolia. The Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, reducing sugars, saponins and anthraquinones. The methanolic extract tested positive for tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugars, anthraquinones and saponins while the petroleum ether extracts tested positive for glycosides, reducing sugars, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides. The three different extracts were tested against the common micro-organisms that affect human. In all, three gram positive organisms, six gram negative organisms were used. The methanolic extract showed a very good zone of inhibition at 14.50 mm against Proteus vulgaris and the ethyl acetate extract showed inhibition against Escherichia coli at a zone of 11.30 mm with the petroleum ether extract showing no activity against all the nine micro-organisms used. These findings confirmed the rational in its traditional usage in the treatment of diarrhea and convulsions which are the causes of microbial infections.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Phytochemical Constituents and Antimicrobial Activities of Methanolic, Ethyl Acetate and Petroleum Ether Extracts of the Stem Bark of Heisteria parvifolia.","authors":"Sylvenus Aguree, Peter Jagri Onilimor","doi":"10.35248/2329-6836.19.7.363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6836.19.7.363","url":null,"abstract":"The search for novel drugs is gaining prominence from plant sources due to the abundance of bioactive constituents in plants. This research established the bioactive constituents and antimicrobial activities of the stem bark extracts (Methanol, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether) of Heisteria parvifolia. The Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, reducing sugars, saponins and anthraquinones. The methanolic extract tested positive for tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugars, anthraquinones and saponins while the petroleum ether extracts tested positive for glycosides, reducing sugars, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides. The three different extracts were tested against the common micro-organisms that affect human. In all, three gram positive organisms, six gram negative organisms were used. The methanolic extract showed a very good zone of inhibition at 14.50 mm against Proteus vulgaris and the ethyl acetate extract showed inhibition against Escherichia coli at a zone of 11.30 mm with the petroleum ether extract showing no activity against all the nine micro-organisms used. These findings confirmed the rational in its traditional usage in the treatment of diarrhea and convulsions which are the causes of microbial infections.","PeriodicalId":18897,"journal":{"name":"Natural products chemistry & research","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87040662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-6836.19.7.360
Y. Shiferaw, A. Kassahun, Abebe Tedla, G. Feleke, Amare Ayalew Abebe
Various types of aromatic and medicinal plants are available in Ethiopia from which the essential oil can be extracted for different purpose. Eucalyptus plant is most common among them. Despite its availability the variation of essential oils of Eucalyptus globulus with ages, the chemical constituents of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil of Ankober origin has not previously been examined. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the variation of essential oil with ages in Eucalyptus globulus tree grown at Ankober district, Ethiopia. Most part of Ankober is covered by Eucalyptus globulus, locally known as ‘Nech-Baharzaf’. Essential Eucalyptus leaves having different ages were collected and subjected to steam distillation to determine the quality and quantity of essential oil (main components of the oils). Eucalyptus globulus leaves aged 3, 5, 8, 12, 20, 35 and 100 were compared. All the leaves were collected from the same agro-ecological zone and in the same season to avoid oil content variation with climate change and agroecology. Chemical composition of the essential oils was analyzed by GC/MS and alpha-Pinene, dlimonene and cineol were the main constituents. The highest amount of eucalyptol (73.90%) presented in plant aged 100 years whereas alpha-Pinene (20.05%) and d-limonene (6.17%) detected in essential oil of plants aged three. The main constituent of the oil is cineole, ranging from 61.04%-73.90% which might suggest age variation has significant impact on essential oil content composition.
{"title":"Investigation of Essential Oil Composition Variation with Age of Eucalyptus globulus Growing in Ethiopia","authors":"Y. Shiferaw, A. Kassahun, Abebe Tedla, G. Feleke, Amare Ayalew Abebe","doi":"10.35248/2329-6836.19.7.360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6836.19.7.360","url":null,"abstract":"Various types of aromatic and medicinal plants are available in Ethiopia from which the essential oil can be extracted for different purpose. Eucalyptus plant is most common among them. Despite its availability the variation of essential oils of Eucalyptus globulus with ages, the chemical constituents of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil of Ankober origin has not previously been examined. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the variation of essential oil with ages in Eucalyptus globulus tree grown at Ankober district, Ethiopia. Most part of Ankober is covered by Eucalyptus globulus, locally known as ‘Nech-Baharzaf’. Essential Eucalyptus leaves having different ages were collected and subjected to steam distillation to determine the quality and quantity of essential oil (main components of the oils). Eucalyptus globulus leaves aged 3, 5, 8, 12, 20, 35 and 100 were compared. All the leaves were collected from the same agro-ecological zone and in the same season to avoid oil content variation with climate change and agroecology. Chemical composition of the essential oils was analyzed by GC/MS and alpha-Pinene, dlimonene and cineol were the main constituents. The highest amount of eucalyptol (73.90%) presented in plant aged 100 years whereas alpha-Pinene (20.05%) and d-limonene (6.17%) detected in essential oil of plants aged three. The main constituent of the oil is cineole, ranging from 61.04%-73.90% which might suggest age variation has significant impact on essential oil content composition.","PeriodicalId":18897,"journal":{"name":"Natural products chemistry & research","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83502108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-6836.19.7.365
Aniv Ray
Exposure to solar UV radiation (UVR) is an environmental and health hazard causing several diseases. Several natural products showed various degrees of protection from UVR, but there has been no comparative study to examine their efficacy. Here, a simple assay has been developed to compare the ability of various natural compounds and commercial sunscreens in protecting bacterial cells from UVR. Dietary Apigenin and synthetic Apigenin, Zerumbone, Resveratrol, and Curcumin were used and their efficacy in protecting bacterial cells from UVR was compared. Various concentrations of compounds and sunscreens were plated on petri dishes containing bacteria, the petri dishes were exposed to UVR, bacterial growth was determined, and this growth was compared with that of a bacterial plate without UVR. The results demonstrated that all of the natural compounds protect bacterial cells from UVR-induced cell death even though the levels of protection differ. Additionally, these compounds protect bacterial cell death equally or better than sunscreens. Surprisingly, both synthetic and dietary Apigenin are most effective in protection compared to other compounds and sunscreens even at a 1000-fold lower concentration. These results strongly support that Apigenin has the highest potential for developing natural compound based drugs for protection from UVR-induced diseases.
{"title":"Both Dietary and Synthetic Apigenin Show Greater Protection from UV Radiation Compared to Zerumbone, Resveratrol and Curcumin","authors":"Aniv Ray","doi":"10.35248/2329-6836.19.7.365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6836.19.7.365","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to solar UV radiation (UVR) is an environmental and health hazard causing several diseases. Several natural products showed various degrees of protection from UVR, but there has been no comparative study to examine their efficacy. Here, a simple assay has been developed to compare the ability of various natural compounds and commercial sunscreens in protecting bacterial cells from UVR. Dietary Apigenin and synthetic Apigenin, Zerumbone, Resveratrol, and Curcumin were used and their efficacy in protecting bacterial cells from UVR was compared. Various concentrations of compounds and sunscreens were plated on petri dishes containing bacteria, the petri dishes were exposed to UVR, bacterial growth was determined, and this growth was compared with that of a bacterial plate without UVR. The results demonstrated that all of the natural compounds protect bacterial cells from UVR-induced cell death even though the levels of protection differ. Additionally, these compounds protect bacterial cell death equally or better than sunscreens. Surprisingly, both synthetic and dietary Apigenin are most effective in protection compared to other compounds and sunscreens even at a 1000-fold lower concentration. These results strongly support that Apigenin has the highest potential for developing natural compound based drugs for protection from UVR-induced diseases.","PeriodicalId":18897,"journal":{"name":"Natural products chemistry & research","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79319695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We conducted structural elucidation studies on organic compounds from the plant Vernonia amygdalina Delile using 10% NaOH as extraction solvent. We identified the organic compounds in the plant extract using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and we determined the abundance of the compounds present in the plant extract. We also observed the influence of the extraction solvent used (10% NaOH) on the kind of organic compounds recovered from the plant and we juxtaposed the relationship between the most abundant compounds present in the plant extract and their known pharmacological properties. Results showed that organic compounds such as methyl-2-O-benzyl-d-arabinofuranoside, phytol, hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester, squalene and 9, 12, 15, octadecatrienoic acid are present abundantly (>85% abundance) in the plant extract while other organic compounds characterized in the plant with lesser abundance (<12% abundance) include N-[2-(dimethylamino)-5- pyrimidinyl] benzene sulfonamide, 9, 12, 15 and Octadecatrien-1-ol, p-Menth-4(8)-en-9-ol. The study showed that the extraction solvent used was able to recover compound classes such as organic acid esters and conjugated alkanols in larger quantities than other compound class. The findings of this study demonstrated that V. amygdalina contains organic compounds, which may serve as new drug leads of natural products origin and make it employable in modern pharmacological practices.
本研究以10% NaOH为萃取溶剂，对苦扁桃Vernonia amygdalina Delile的有机化合物进行了结构解析研究。我们使用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析鉴定了植物提取物中的有机化合物，并确定了植物提取物中存在的化合物的丰度。我们还观察了所使用的提取溶剂(10% NaOH)对从植物中回收的有机化合物种类的影响，并将植物提取物中最丰富的化合物与其已知药理特性之间的关系并列。结果表明，该植物提取物中含有丰富的有机化合物，如甲基-2- o -苄基-d-阿拉伯糖苷、叶绿醇、十六烷酸、乙酯、角鲨烯和9,12,15、十八碳三烯酸(丰度约为85%)，而其他有机化合物丰度较低(丰度<12%)，包括N-[2-(二甲氨基)-5-嘧啶基]苯磺酰胺、9,12,15和十八碳三烯-1-醇，p- menth4(8)-烯-9-醇。研究表明，该萃取溶剂对有机酸酯和共轭烷醇等化合物类的回收率高于其他化合物类。研究结果表明，苦杏仁含有有机化合物，可作为天然产物来源的新药先导物，在现代药理实践中具有应用价值。
{"title":"Identification and Quantification of Bioactive Compounds Present in the Plant Vernonia amygdalina Delile using GC-MS Technique","authors":"Oladunmoye Mk, Olufemi Ifeoluwa Afolami, Oladejo Bo, Amoo Ia, Osho Bi","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.356","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted structural elucidation studies on organic compounds from the plant Vernonia amygdalina Delile using 10% NaOH as extraction solvent. We identified the organic compounds in the plant extract using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and we determined the abundance of the compounds present in the plant extract. We also observed the influence of the extraction solvent used (10% NaOH) on the kind of organic compounds recovered from the plant and we juxtaposed the relationship between the most abundant compounds present in the plant extract and their known pharmacological properties. Results showed that organic compounds such as methyl-2-O-benzyl-d-arabinofuranoside, phytol, hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester, squalene and 9, 12, 15, octadecatrienoic acid are present abundantly (>85% abundance) in the plant extract while other organic compounds characterized in the plant with lesser abundance (<12% abundance) include N-[2-(dimethylamino)-5- pyrimidinyl] benzene sulfonamide, 9, 12, 15 and Octadecatrien-1-ol, p-Menth-4(8)-en-9-ol. The study showed that the extraction solvent used was able to recover compound classes such as organic acid esters and conjugated alkanols in larger quantities than other compound class. The findings of this study demonstrated that V. amygdalina contains organic compounds, which may serve as new drug leads of natural products origin and make it employable in modern pharmacological practices.","PeriodicalId":18897,"journal":{"name":"Natural products chemistry & research","volume":"61 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77969732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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