Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-6836.1000338
Amir Hassan, M. Rasheed, Mohsin Ali, Ghazala Ishrat, Mansoor M Ahmed
{"title":"Identification of Five New Triterpenoids from Ethylacetate Bark Extract of Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch by GC-MS","authors":"Amir Hassan, M. Rasheed, Mohsin Ali, Ghazala Ishrat, Mansoor M Ahmed","doi":"10.4172/2329-6836.1000338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6836.1000338","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18897,"journal":{"name":"Natural products chemistry & research","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78801769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-6836.1000333
S. Samra, B. Tokovenko, Monika Kaszubowska, Roman Makitrynskyy, Ahmad Alali, Yvonne Schmidt, E. Welle, Sandra Gross, T. Paululat, A. Luzhetskyy, A. Bechthold
In this study, we show that cultivating of Saccharothrix espanaensis in the amino acid-rich SPY medium led to the detection of antibacterial and antifungal products. The cultivation in GYM-, HA- or NL111-medium did not lead to the production of these compounds. Four products were isolated from Saccharothrix espanaensis-SPY culture and determined as the known compounds anthranilic acid, indol-3-carboxylic acid, benzoic acid, and phenylacetic acid. In order to investigate the influence of SPY medium on gene transcription and to identify candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of the purified compounds a comparative RNA sequencing analysis of Saccharothrix espanaensis cultivated in different media was performed. Total transcriptome analysis demonstrated that media composition has an influence on the expression of several genes. Among them are genes encoding enzymes belong to amino acid metabolism enzymes. Furthermore, based on the collected data genes involved in the biosynthesis of anthranilic acid, indol-3-carboxylic acid, benzoic acid, and phenylacetic acid could be predicted. Deletion of the genes BN6_01860 and BN6_67950 revealed their importance in the biosynthesis of indole-3-carboxylic acid and benzoic acid, respectively.
{"title":"Insight into Saccharothrix espanaensis Grown in Different Media:Transcriptome and Natural Product Analysis","authors":"S. Samra, B. Tokovenko, Monika Kaszubowska, Roman Makitrynskyy, Ahmad Alali, Yvonne Schmidt, E. Welle, Sandra Gross, T. Paululat, A. Luzhetskyy, A. Bechthold","doi":"10.4172/2329-6836.1000333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6836.1000333","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we show that cultivating of Saccharothrix espanaensis in the amino acid-rich SPY medium led to the detection of antibacterial and antifungal products. The cultivation in GYM-, HA- or NL111-medium did not lead to the production of these compounds. Four products were isolated from Saccharothrix espanaensis-SPY culture and determined as the known compounds anthranilic acid, indol-3-carboxylic acid, benzoic acid, and phenylacetic acid. In order to investigate the influence of SPY medium on gene transcription and to identify candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of the purified compounds a comparative RNA sequencing analysis of Saccharothrix espanaensis cultivated in different media was performed. Total transcriptome analysis demonstrated that media composition has an influence on the expression of several genes. Among them are genes encoding enzymes belong to amino acid metabolism enzymes. Furthermore, based on the collected data genes involved in the biosynthesis of anthranilic acid, indol-3-carboxylic acid, benzoic acid, and phenylacetic acid could be predicted. Deletion of the genes BN6_01860 and BN6_67950 revealed their importance in the biosynthesis of indole-3-carboxylic acid and benzoic acid, respectively.","PeriodicalId":18897,"journal":{"name":"Natural products chemistry & research","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78885336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-6836.1000341
P. Kumara, K. Sunil, B. Arunkumar
USP official UV-VIS spectrophotometric method for the evaluation of antioxidant activity by scavenging the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical was not suitable to determine the antioxidant activity of Berry fruit juice freeze dried extract due to interferences from the matrix. Interference was also observed from the color pigments of the Berry fruit juice freeze dried extract. This has leads to the development of a specific analytical method for evaluation of the DPPH free radical scavenging activity of Berry fruit juice freeze dried extract. RP-HPLC method was developed on a Phenomenex Luna-C18 Column (250 mm × 4 mm, 5 μM) with mobile phase methanol and water mixed online in the ratio of 80:20 (v/v), pumped at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. DPPH peaks were quantified at wavelength 517 nm. Method was standardized using the anti-oxidant ascorbic acid. The 50% free radical scavenging activity (IC50) determined by the novel HPLC method was correlating with the results obtained by USP UV-VIS spectrophotometric method. While the USP UV-VIS spectrophotometric method failed to estimate the free radical scavenging activity of Berry fruit juice freeze dried extract, whereas the developed HPLC method was specific, sensitive, robust, accurate and precise and rapid in the determination.
由于基质的干扰，USP官方紫外-可见分光光度法对DPPH(1,1-二苯基-2-苦味酰肼)自由基的清除评价不适合测定浆果果汁冻干提取物的抗氧化活性。浆果果汁冻干浸膏的色素也有干扰作用。这导致了一种特定的分析方法的发展评估DPPH自由基清除活性浆果果汁冻干提取物。采用Phenomenex Luna-C18色谱柱(250 mm × 4 mm, 5 μM)，流动相甲醇和水以80:20 (v/v)在线混合，泵送流速为1 mL/min，建立反相高效液相色谱法。DPPH峰在波长517 nm处定量。采用抗氧化剂抗坏血酸对方法进行标准化。该方法测定的50%自由基清除活性(IC50)与USP紫外-可见分光光度法测定的结果具有相关性。USP紫外-可见分光光度法测定浆果果汁冻干提取物的自由基清除活性较差，而建立的高效液相色谱法具有特异、灵敏、鲁棒性好、准确、精密度高、快速等特点。
{"title":"Determination of DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Activity by RP-HPLC, Rapid Sensitive Method for the Screening of Berry Fruit Juice Freeze Dried Extract","authors":"P. Kumara, K. Sunil, B. Arunkumar","doi":"10.4172/2329-6836.1000341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6836.1000341","url":null,"abstract":"USP official UV-VIS spectrophotometric method for the evaluation of antioxidant activity by scavenging the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical was not suitable to determine the antioxidant activity of Berry fruit juice freeze dried extract due to interferences from the matrix. Interference was also observed from the color pigments of the Berry fruit juice freeze dried extract. This has leads to the development of a specific analytical method for evaluation of the DPPH free radical scavenging activity of Berry fruit juice freeze dried extract. RP-HPLC method was developed on a Phenomenex Luna-C18 Column (250 mm × 4 mm, 5 μM) with mobile phase methanol and water mixed online in the ratio of 80:20 (v/v), pumped at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. DPPH peaks were quantified at wavelength 517 nm. Method was standardized using the anti-oxidant ascorbic acid. The 50% free radical scavenging activity (IC50) determined by the novel HPLC method was correlating with the results obtained by USP UV-VIS spectrophotometric method. While the USP UV-VIS spectrophotometric method failed to estimate the free radical scavenging activity of Berry fruit juice freeze dried extract, whereas the developed HPLC method was specific, sensitive, robust, accurate and precise and rapid in the determination.","PeriodicalId":18897,"journal":{"name":"Natural products chemistry & research","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89394027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-6836.1000308
Bushra Nisar, Aeysha Sultan, S. Rubab
Nature as inspired human beings since time immemorial and every member of human race, irrespective of origin and religion, keeps nature at an esteemed place. It is a common belief that everything that occurs in nature has beneficial effects as compared to products of anthropogenic origin. The medical profession is as old as the human history and so is the history of medicines. In current era, with advancement in medical science, the intensity of diseases has also increased. New medicines are being developed for the treatment of complicated diseases but these medicines are themselves associated with a number of side effects that range from minor to sever intensity. The medicines from nature on the other hand appear to be more effective than the synthetic counter-part. This short commentary deals with comparison of synthetic drugs and the drugs from nature with special emphasis on extent of side effects associated with both categories.
{"title":"Comparison of Medicinally Important Natural Products versus Synthetic Drugs-A Short Commentary","authors":"Bushra Nisar, Aeysha Sultan, S. Rubab","doi":"10.4172/2329-6836.1000308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6836.1000308","url":null,"abstract":"Nature as inspired human beings since time immemorial and every member of human race, irrespective of origin and religion, keeps nature at an esteemed place. It is a common belief that everything that occurs in nature has beneficial effects as compared to products of anthropogenic origin. The medical profession is as old as the human history and so is the history of medicines. In current era, with advancement in medical science, the intensity of diseases has also increased. New medicines are being developed for the treatment of complicated diseases but these medicines are themselves associated with a number of side effects that range from minor to sever intensity. The medicines from nature on the other hand appear to be more effective than the synthetic counter-part. This short commentary deals with comparison of synthetic drugs and the drugs from nature with special emphasis on extent of side effects associated with both categories.","PeriodicalId":18897,"journal":{"name":"Natural products chemistry & research","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82757391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To investigate the antimicrobial activity of secondary metabolites from Serratia marcescans S823. The strain Serratia marcescans S823 was screened for its antibacterial activity. The active components from the bacterium were isolated by bioactivity-guided analysis. Their structures were identified by chemical and spectroscopic methods to be prodigiosine (PG) (1), serratamolide A (2) and serratamolide G (3), which is a new compound. The MIC and MBC of prodigiosine and serratamolide G were 6.25 μg.mL-1 and 12.5 μg.mL-1 against C. albicans and 6.25 μg.mL-1 and 25 μg.mL-1 against B. thuringiensis respectively. They might be potential alternative treatment options for Candida albicans infection. This study encourages further investigation of natural products as new antibiotics.
{"title":"Antibacterial Activity of a Novel Depsipeptide and Prodigiosine of Serratia marcescans S823","authors":"Linyan Zhu, Cuiping Pang, Liqun Chen, Xiangdong Zhu","doi":"10.4172/2329-6836.1000312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6836.1000312","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the antimicrobial activity of secondary metabolites from Serratia marcescans S823. The strain Serratia marcescans S823 was screened for its antibacterial activity. The active components from the bacterium were isolated by bioactivity-guided analysis. Their structures were identified by chemical and spectroscopic methods to be prodigiosine (PG) (1), serratamolide A (2) and serratamolide G (3), which is a new compound. The MIC and MBC of prodigiosine and serratamolide G were 6.25 μg.mL-1 and 12.5 μg.mL-1 against C. albicans and 6.25 μg.mL-1 and 25 μg.mL-1 against B. thuringiensis respectively. They might be potential alternative treatment options for Candida albicans infection. This study encourages further investigation of natural products as new antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":18897,"journal":{"name":"Natural products chemistry & research","volume":"55 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81627866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-6836.1000329
N. Ammar, H. Jabnoun-Khiareddine, Ahlem Nefzia, Boutheina Mejdoub‐Trabelsi, M. Daami‐Remadi
Sargassum vulgare aqueous and organic extracts were screened in vitro and in vivo for their antifungal potential toward Fusarium sambucinum the most aggressive causal agent of Fusarium dry rot in Tunisia. All extracts had suppressed pathogen growth depending on alga sampling sites, nature of extracts and tested concentrations. Aqueous extracts removed from Monastir, Mahdia1 and Mahdia2, applied at 100 mg/mL, were effective in reducing pathogen growth by more than 36% compared to control. Petroleum ether, methanol and chloroform extracts from Mahdia2, tested at 100 mg/mL, had suppressed F. sambucinum mycelial growth by up to 34%. Tested as tuber treatment Sargassum ethyl acetate extracts removed from Tunis and Monastir (applied at 5 mg/mL) exhibited important disease suppressive abilities by decreasing dry rot lesion diameter by 53.18 and 54.18%, and rot penetration was lowered by 70.66 and 61.85%, respectively, relative to pathogen-inoculated control. Variable amounts of phenolic compounds were determined according to Folin-Ciocalteau method. These results showed that S. vulgare may be explored for the isolation of antifungal compounds for Fusarium dry rot control useful in agriculture.
{"title":"Extracts from the Brown Macroalga Sargassum vulgare for Postharvest Suppression of Potato Fusarium Dry Rot","authors":"N. Ammar, H. Jabnoun-Khiareddine, Ahlem Nefzia, Boutheina Mejdoub‐Trabelsi, M. Daami‐Remadi","doi":"10.4172/2329-6836.1000329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6836.1000329","url":null,"abstract":"Sargassum vulgare aqueous and organic extracts were screened in vitro and in vivo for their antifungal potential toward Fusarium sambucinum the most aggressive causal agent of Fusarium dry rot in Tunisia. All extracts had suppressed pathogen growth depending on alga sampling sites, nature of extracts and tested concentrations. Aqueous extracts removed from Monastir, Mahdia1 and Mahdia2, applied at 100 mg/mL, were effective in reducing pathogen growth by more than 36% compared to control. Petroleum ether, methanol and chloroform extracts from Mahdia2, tested at 100 mg/mL, had suppressed F. sambucinum mycelial growth by up to 34%. Tested as tuber treatment Sargassum ethyl acetate extracts removed from Tunis and Monastir (applied at 5 mg/mL) exhibited important disease suppressive abilities by decreasing dry rot lesion diameter by 53.18 and 54.18%, and rot penetration was lowered by 70.66 and 61.85%, respectively, relative to pathogen-inoculated control. Variable amounts of phenolic compounds were determined according to Folin-Ciocalteau method. These results showed that S. vulgare may be explored for the isolation of antifungal compounds for Fusarium dry rot control useful in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":18897,"journal":{"name":"Natural products chemistry & research","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87433958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2475-7675.1000303
Aldayel O, Hefne J, Alharbi Kn, Al Ajyan T
Heavy metals impurities in cosmetic products are common due to their natural abundance. However, they should be kept to a minimum wherever technically feasible. Most people, specially females, use cosmetic and their ingredients on a daily basis. Although human external contact with a substance rarely results in its penetration through the skin and significant systemic exposure, cosmetics produce local (skin, eye) exposure and are used in the oral cavity, on the face, lips, eyes and mucosa. Therefore, human systemic exposure to their ingredients can rarely be completely excluded. Because metals can induce unwanted side effects in humans, to establish their contents in body-care cosmetics is important for quality and health controls. In this work we have selected nine most expensive brands of facial cosmetics (Base jelly, Whitener, Sheen and Face powder) from the Saudi market. Twenty-eight elements were detected by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) and a flow injection mercury system (FIMS). The mean, maximum and minimum concentrations of each element are reported.
{"title":"Heavy Metals Concentration in Facial Cosmetics","authors":"Aldayel O, Hefne J, Alharbi Kn, Al Ajyan T","doi":"10.4172/2475-7675.1000303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2475-7675.1000303","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals impurities in cosmetic products are common due to their natural abundance. However, they should be kept to a minimum wherever technically feasible. Most people, specially females, use cosmetic and their ingredients on a daily basis. Although human external contact with a substance rarely results in its penetration through the skin and significant systemic exposure, cosmetics produce local (skin, eye) exposure and are used in the oral cavity, on the face, lips, eyes and mucosa. Therefore, human systemic exposure to their ingredients can rarely be completely excluded. Because metals can induce unwanted side effects in humans, to establish their contents in body-care cosmetics is important for quality and health controls. In this work we have selected nine most expensive brands of facial cosmetics (Base jelly, Whitener, Sheen and Face powder) from the Saudi market. Twenty-eight elements were detected by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) and a flow injection mercury system (FIMS). The mean, maximum and minimum concentrations of each element are reported.","PeriodicalId":18897,"journal":{"name":"Natural products chemistry & research","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88098937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-6836.1000348
S. Sangwan
In the course of present research venture, a phytosterol viz., β-sitosterol was secluded from the in vivo leaves of P. pinnata and identification of the secluded compound was accomplished through TLC, Rf value, IR spectroscopy and NMR. Furthermore, the leaf methanolic extract was also analyzed by GC/MS spectroscopy in P. pinnata. It was observed that 64 secondary compounds were isolated in P. pinnata, respectively.
{"title":"Isolation and Analytic Characterization of andbeta;-Sitosterol and GC-MS Analysis of Methanolic Leaves Extract of Pongamia pinnata (L.) pierre","authors":"S. Sangwan","doi":"10.4172/2329-6836.1000348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6836.1000348","url":null,"abstract":"In the course of present research venture, a phytosterol viz., β-sitosterol was secluded from the in vivo leaves of P. pinnata and identification of the secluded compound was accomplished through TLC, Rf value, IR spectroscopy and NMR. Furthermore, the leaf methanolic extract was also analyzed by GC/MS spectroscopy in P. pinnata. It was observed that 64 secondary compounds were isolated in P. pinnata, respectively.","PeriodicalId":18897,"journal":{"name":"Natural products chemistry & research","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82817837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-6836.1000350
M. A. Alam, K. Shimada, Aklima Jahan, M. Khan, M. H. Bhuiyan, M. Alam, M. Matin
Sulfones or the cyclic sulfones are the type of organosulfur compounds that attract the special interest to organic chemists. Vast applications are observed in different fields with these types of sulfone containing compounds and their derivatives like in medicinal chemistry and also give the importance to many kinds of biological activity. The sulfones and their derivatives are used in many other fields as pharmaceutical and polymeric agents. Sulfone containing compounds are also used for the treatment of different diseases like dermatitis herpetiformis, leprosy, tuberculosis and others. The researchers have been giving much concentration to synthesize many types of sulfone compounds because of their various strong medicinal activities like as biological, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, anticancer, anti-HIV, and anti-inflammatory and in other sectors also. These kinds of vast importance encourage us to study about the synthesis, reactions and applications of cyclic sulfones and their derivatives. The present article will provide some important information about the synthesis, reactions and applications of cyclic sulfone type compounds to the chemists to facilitate them in advance research works with more concentration which will be more beneficial for the society as well as for upcoming science generation.
{"title":"Synthesis, Reactions and Medicinal Importance of Cyclic Sulfone Derivatives: A Review","authors":"M. A. Alam, K. Shimada, Aklima Jahan, M. Khan, M. H. Bhuiyan, M. Alam, M. Matin","doi":"10.4172/2329-6836.1000350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6836.1000350","url":null,"abstract":"Sulfones or the cyclic sulfones are the type of organosulfur compounds that attract the special interest to organic chemists. Vast applications are observed in different fields with these types of sulfone containing compounds and their derivatives like in medicinal chemistry and also give the importance to many kinds of biological activity. The sulfones and their derivatives are used in many other fields as pharmaceutical and polymeric agents. Sulfone containing compounds are also used for the treatment of different diseases like dermatitis herpetiformis, leprosy, tuberculosis and others. The researchers have been giving much concentration to synthesize many types of sulfone compounds because of their various strong medicinal activities like as biological, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, anticancer, anti-HIV, and anti-inflammatory and in other sectors also. These kinds of vast importance encourage us to study about the synthesis, reactions and applications of cyclic sulfones and their derivatives. The present article will provide some important information about the synthesis, reactions and applications of cyclic sulfone type compounds to the chemists to facilitate them in advance research works with more concentration which will be more beneficial for the society as well as for upcoming science generation.","PeriodicalId":18897,"journal":{"name":"Natural products chemistry & research","volume":"99 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88310786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2475-7675.1000305
Luann Wong, S. Stevens, M. Hengel, T. Shibamoto
Salvinorin A, which is present in the natural plant Salvia divinorum, is a unique non-nitrogenous compound with hallucinogenic activity. When salvinorin A isolated from leaves of Salvia divinorum was irradiated with 300 nm UV light in ethyl acetate, it degraded from 100 μg/mL to 2.84 ± 0.05 μg/mL in 30 min. The calculated average rate constant k of this degradation was 0.12/min and the half-life was 5.7 min. When authentic salvinorin A was irradiated by UV light in an organic solution or an aqueous solution, it degraded over 90% within 40 min, whereas when it was irradiated by natural sunlight, it took 8 h to degrade 50% both in an organic and an aqueous solution. Three photodegradation products were tentatively identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Their structures were similar to that of salvinorin A, suggesting that they are also candidate non-nitrogenous hallucinogens.
{"title":"Isolation of a Potent Naturally Occurring Hallucinogen, Salvinorin A, from Salvia divinorum and Investigation of Its Photo-degradation","authors":"Luann Wong, S. Stevens, M. Hengel, T. Shibamoto","doi":"10.4172/2475-7675.1000305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2475-7675.1000305","url":null,"abstract":"Salvinorin A, which is present in the natural plant Salvia divinorum, is a unique non-nitrogenous compound with hallucinogenic activity. When salvinorin A isolated from leaves of Salvia divinorum was irradiated with 300 nm UV light in ethyl acetate, it degraded from 100 μg/mL to 2.84 ± 0.05 μg/mL in 30 min. The calculated average rate constant k of this degradation was 0.12/min and the half-life was 5.7 min. When authentic salvinorin A was irradiated by UV light in an organic solution or an aqueous solution, it degraded over 90% within 40 min, whereas when it was irradiated by natural sunlight, it took 8 h to degrade 50% both in an organic and an aqueous solution. Three photodegradation products were tentatively identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Their structures were similar to that of salvinorin A, suggesting that they are also candidate non-nitrogenous hallucinogens.","PeriodicalId":18897,"journal":{"name":"Natural products chemistry & research","volume":"78 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88567296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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