Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.1163/15685411-bja10252
N. Kanzaki, H. Masuya
A Bursaphelenchus species belonging to the abietinus group was isolated from a bark sample of Fagus japonica infested by an unidentified Dryocoetes bark beetle. The species is typologically characterised by its two-lined lateral field, mitten-shaped spicule possessing a well-developed and dorsally truncate condylus, narrow triangular rostrum and a distinct cucullus, the presence of seven (P1, P2, P3 papilliform and P5 gland-opening-like) male genital papillae, female vulva with side flap and the long, smoothly tapering and ventrally recurved female tail with strongly ventrally recurved distal part. The species is typologically close to B. irokophilus and B. rainulfi but can be distinguished from these two species by the shape of spicule rostrum, which is narrower in the new species. Phylogenetically, the new species forms a well-supported clade with B. rainulfi but can be distinguished from them by the differences in the SSU and D2-D3 LSU sequences. The new species is described as Bursaphelenchus ogawanus n. sp.
{"title":"Bursaphelenchus ogawanus n. sp. isolated from bark material of Fagus japonica Maxim. from Japan","authors":"N. Kanzaki, H. Masuya","doi":"10.1163/15685411-bja10252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-bja10252","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A Bursaphelenchus species belonging to the abietinus group was isolated from a bark sample of Fagus japonica infested by an unidentified Dryocoetes bark beetle. The species is typologically characterised by its two-lined lateral field, mitten-shaped spicule possessing a well-developed and dorsally truncate condylus, narrow triangular rostrum and a distinct cucullus, the presence of seven (P1, P2, P3 papilliform and P5 gland-opening-like) male genital papillae, female vulva with side flap and the long, smoothly tapering and ventrally recurved female tail with strongly ventrally recurved distal part. The species is typologically close to B. irokophilus and B. rainulfi but can be distinguished from these two species by the shape of spicule rostrum, which is narrower in the new species. Phylogenetically, the new species forms a well-supported clade with B. rainulfi but can be distinguished from them by the differences in the SSU and D2-D3 LSU sequences. The new species is described as Bursaphelenchus ogawanus n. sp.","PeriodicalId":18928,"journal":{"name":"Nematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49442057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.1163/15685411-bja10256
Phougeishangbam Rolish Singh, A. Aseffa, A. Hajihassani, G. Karssen, W. Bert, Beira-Hailu Meressa
Rotylenchus bunae n. sp. was discovered in the coffee rhizosphere in Gera district of Jimma, Ethiopia, and has been morphologically and molecularly characterised. The new species is identified by a female body length of 725-876 μm, hemispherical lip region with 4-5 lip annuli, stylet length of 28-30 μm, lateral field areolation only in the pharyngeal region, no cuticular striations, pharyngeal gland overlapping intestine dorsally by 15-26 μm, double epiptygma, no clear spermathecae, vulva position at 54-58% of body length from anterior end, prominent fasciculi in mid and posterior body, rounded or sometimes slightly truncated, coarsely crenated tail with 11-13 annuli, and phasmids located at 7-16 annuli anterior to anus. No males were detected. This species was found closely related to other African Rotylenchus species, such as R. unisexus and R. wimbii; however, it could be well separated from them by both morphology and molecular data (D2-D3 of 28S and partial 18S of rDNA).
{"title":"A new plant-parasitic nematode species associated with coffee, Rotylenchus bunae n. sp. (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae) from Jimma, Ethiopia","authors":"Phougeishangbam Rolish Singh, A. Aseffa, A. Hajihassani, G. Karssen, W. Bert, Beira-Hailu Meressa","doi":"10.1163/15685411-bja10256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-bja10256","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Rotylenchus bunae n. sp. was discovered in the coffee rhizosphere in Gera district of Jimma, Ethiopia, and has been morphologically and molecularly characterised. The new species is identified by a female body length of 725-876 μm, hemispherical lip region with 4-5 lip annuli, stylet length of 28-30 μm, lateral field areolation only in the pharyngeal region, no cuticular striations, pharyngeal gland overlapping intestine dorsally by 15-26 μm, double epiptygma, no clear spermathecae, vulva position at 54-58% of body length from anterior end, prominent fasciculi in mid and posterior body, rounded or sometimes slightly truncated, coarsely crenated tail with 11-13 annuli, and phasmids located at 7-16 annuli anterior to anus. No males were detected. This species was found closely related to other African Rotylenchus species, such as R. unisexus and R. wimbii; however, it could be well separated from them by both morphology and molecular data (D2-D3 of 28S and partial 18S of rDNA).","PeriodicalId":18928,"journal":{"name":"Nematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43775626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.1163/15685411-bja10253
A. Katumanyane, B. Slippers, M. Wondafrash, A. Malan, B. Hurley
Control of white grubs, the sporadic root-feeding larvae of scarabid beetles, is difficult due to their cryptic nature and resistance to chemical insecticides. Potential exists for the use of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) for such control. The successful infection of white grubs by EPN, however, is limited by the white grubs’ innate reduced susceptibility in form of behavioural, morphological and physiological defences. This study aimed to determine the different physiological defence mechanisms of white grubs against attack by EPN. The white grub species, Pegylis sommeri and Schizonycha affinis, which were previously found to have a low level of susceptibility to EPN, and Maladera sp. 4, which had previously shown a relative high level of susceptibility, were examined. The ability of the EPN to penetrate the white grubs and of the EPN symbiotic bacteria to grow inside the insect haemolymph, the encapsulation rates, as well as the nematode growth inside the insect haemolymph, were determined. The results showed that the ability of the nematodes to penetrate white grubs, the encapsulation rates and growth in the haemolymph varied between EPN and white grub species. The different species of the EPN symbiotic bacteria were able to grow in the haemolymph of all the white grub species tested. The results indicate that the white grub species investigated tended to resist the initial penetration of most of the EPN studied, thus avoiding infection.
{"title":"Mechanisms behind differential white grub host susceptibility to entomopathogenic nematodes","authors":"A. Katumanyane, B. Slippers, M. Wondafrash, A. Malan, B. Hurley","doi":"10.1163/15685411-bja10253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-bja10253","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Control of white grubs, the sporadic root-feeding larvae of scarabid beetles, is difficult due to their cryptic nature and resistance to chemical insecticides. Potential exists for the use of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) for such control. The successful infection of white grubs by EPN, however, is limited by the white grubs’ innate reduced susceptibility in form of behavioural, morphological and physiological defences. This study aimed to determine the different physiological defence mechanisms of white grubs against attack by EPN. The white grub species, Pegylis sommeri and Schizonycha affinis, which were previously found to have a low level of susceptibility to EPN, and Maladera sp. 4, which had previously shown a relative high level of susceptibility, were examined. The ability of the EPN to penetrate the white grubs and of the EPN symbiotic bacteria to grow inside the insect haemolymph, the encapsulation rates, as well as the nematode growth inside the insect haemolymph, were determined. The results showed that the ability of the nematodes to penetrate white grubs, the encapsulation rates and growth in the haemolymph varied between EPN and white grub species. The different species of the EPN symbiotic bacteria were able to grow in the haemolymph of all the white grub species tested. The results indicate that the white grub species investigated tended to resist the initial penetration of most of the EPN studied, thus avoiding infection.","PeriodicalId":18928,"journal":{"name":"Nematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44822898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.1163/15685411-bja10251
N. Majdi, Hendrik Fueser, Marie-Theres Rauchschwalbe, Birgit Gansfort, Jana Uthoff, Bianca Kreuzinger-Janik, Christoph Ptatscheck, J. Schenk, S. Gehner, H. Spieth, Benjamin Wilden, S. Höss
With this tribute, we want to highlight Professor Walter Traunspurger’s achievements and contributions to education and research in the fields of nematology and ecology. Walter started to teach in 1998 in the Department of Animal Ecology at Bielefeld University (Germany) and completed his tenure in September 2022, a milestone in his career for which he deserves appreciation, although he is surely going to stay as enthusiastic and busy for many years to come. Over his 30 years of an outstanding academic career, he has supervised 22 Ph.D., 49 M.Sc. and 139 B.Sc. students. He has published over 200 research articles in leading zoological, ecological and ecotoxicological journals. Walter is one of the few living nematologists capable of identifying free-living freshwater nematodes to species level. However, his expertise and research interests are much broader with his biota-inclusive and trans-disciplinary approaches. For his students and colleagues, he has been an inexhaustible source of idealism, knowledge and lively experiences. The book, Ecology of freshwater nematodes, edited by Walter in 2021, provides a good overview of his recent research topics. Here, by summarising and sharing his main scientific accomplishments in this article, we hope that his story will inspire the next generation of nematologists and ecologists to continue his legacy and explore the promising avenues of research that he opened up during his productive scientific career.
{"title":"A tribute to Professor Walter Traunspurger","authors":"N. Majdi, Hendrik Fueser, Marie-Theres Rauchschwalbe, Birgit Gansfort, Jana Uthoff, Bianca Kreuzinger-Janik, Christoph Ptatscheck, J. Schenk, S. Gehner, H. Spieth, Benjamin Wilden, S. Höss","doi":"10.1163/15685411-bja10251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-bja10251","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000With this tribute, we want to highlight Professor Walter Traunspurger’s achievements and contributions to education and research in the fields of nematology and ecology. Walter started to teach in 1998 in the Department of Animal Ecology at Bielefeld University (Germany) and completed his tenure in September 2022, a milestone in his career for which he deserves appreciation, although he is surely going to stay as enthusiastic and busy for many years to come. Over his 30 years of an outstanding academic career, he has supervised 22 Ph.D., 49 M.Sc. and 139 B.Sc. students. He has published over 200 research articles in leading zoological, ecological and ecotoxicological journals. Walter is one of the few living nematologists capable of identifying free-living freshwater nematodes to species level. However, his expertise and research interests are much broader with his biota-inclusive and trans-disciplinary approaches. For his students and colleagues, he has been an inexhaustible source of idealism, knowledge and lively experiences. The book, Ecology of freshwater nematodes, edited by Walter in 2021, provides a good overview of his recent research topics. Here, by summarising and sharing his main scientific accomplishments in this article, we hope that his story will inspire the next generation of nematologists and ecologists to continue his legacy and explore the promising avenues of research that he opened up during his productive scientific career.","PeriodicalId":18928,"journal":{"name":"Nematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47780756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.1163/15685411-bja10245
J. Gu, Yiwu Fang, Xinxin Ma
Aphelenchoides koreanus n. sp. isolated in Ningbo Port, P.R. China, from Pinus packaging wood from South Korea is described. It is characterised by the female length of 603 (511-687) μm, stout body shape (a = 24.4 (21.9-26.7)). The lateral field has four incisures. The slender stylet is 12.3 (11.7-13.4) μm long and has small basal swellings. The excretory pore is located posterior to the nerve ring. The hemizonid is immediately posterior to excretory pore, but sometimes invisible. The vagina is not sclerotised, and the vulva has strongly protruding lips and lacks a flap. The PUS is well developed and forms ca 30.6-41.9% of the vulva to anus distance. Tail sub-cylindrical, terminus bluntly rounded or slightly pointed, always bearing a very short mucron or a small projection, about 1 μm long. Males absent. The new species belongs to the group 1 category of Aphelenchoides species sensu Shahina. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences confirmed its status as a new species.
{"title":"Aphelenchoides koreanus n. sp. (Tylenchina: Aphelenchoididae) found in packaging wood from South Korea","authors":"J. Gu, Yiwu Fang, Xinxin Ma","doi":"10.1163/15685411-bja10245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-bja10245","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Aphelenchoides koreanus n. sp. isolated in Ningbo Port, P.R. China, from Pinus packaging wood from South Korea is described. It is characterised by the female length of 603 (511-687) μm, stout body shape (a = 24.4 (21.9-26.7)). The lateral field has four incisures. The slender stylet is 12.3 (11.7-13.4) μm long and has small basal swellings. The excretory pore is located posterior to the nerve ring. The hemizonid is immediately posterior to excretory pore, but sometimes invisible. The vagina is not sclerotised, and the vulva has strongly protruding lips and lacks a flap. The PUS is well developed and forms ca 30.6-41.9% of the vulva to anus distance. Tail sub-cylindrical, terminus bluntly rounded or slightly pointed, always bearing a very short mucron or a small projection, about 1 μm long. Males absent. The new species belongs to the group 1 category of Aphelenchoides species sensu Shahina. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences confirmed its status as a new species.","PeriodicalId":18928,"journal":{"name":"Nematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41751033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-12DOI: 10.1163/15685411-bja10249
Luca Eszter Balog, Mohammed Ahmed, J. K. Török, O. Holovachov
Three out of four currently accepted species of the genus Reiterina (Rhabditida: Rhabditidae) were described in the early 20th century. The type species of this genus, R. typica (Stefański, 1922) Sudhaus, 2011, has several synonyms, with differences in their individual species descriptions, which necessitates its detailed redescription. A population of this species was isolated from scarab beetles in Hungary and is characterised as follows: body 970 ± 123 μm long in males and 1221 ± 188 μm long in females, V% = 50.1-57.7, female tail conoid (94.5 μm, c = 13, c′ = 3.3), male tail conoid (36 μm, c = 27, c′ = 1.5) with anteriorly opened peloderan bursa supported by nine pairs of genital papillae (1 + 2 + 3 + 3), papillae 4 and 9 open on the dorsal side, and papillae 3 and 8 reaching the edge of the velum, spicules 28-47 μm long. Newly sequenced 18S rDNA genes place Reiterina typica in a clade with other published Reiterina typica sequence and with sequences from the genus Rhabditis.
{"title":"Redescription of an insect-associated nematode, Reiterina typica (Stefański, 1922) Sudhaus, 2011 (Rhabditida: Rhabditidae) found in scarab grubs in Hungary","authors":"Luca Eszter Balog, Mohammed Ahmed, J. K. Török, O. Holovachov","doi":"10.1163/15685411-bja10249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-bja10249","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Three out of four currently accepted species of the genus Reiterina (Rhabditida: Rhabditidae) were described in the early 20th century. The type species of this genus, R. typica (Stefański, 1922) Sudhaus, 2011, has several synonyms, with differences in their individual species descriptions, which necessitates its detailed redescription. A population of this species was isolated from scarab beetles in Hungary and is characterised as follows: body 970 ± 123 μm long in males and 1221 ± 188 μm long in females, V% = 50.1-57.7, female tail conoid (94.5 μm, c = 13, c′ = 3.3), male tail conoid (36 μm, c = 27, c′ = 1.5) with anteriorly opened peloderan bursa supported by nine pairs of genital papillae (1 + 2 + 3 + 3), papillae 4 and 9 open on the dorsal side, and papillae 3 and 8 reaching the edge of the velum, spicules 28-47 μm long. Newly sequenced 18S rDNA genes place Reiterina typica in a clade with other published Reiterina typica sequence and with sequences from the genus Rhabditis.","PeriodicalId":18928,"journal":{"name":"Nematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43915982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-12DOI: 10.1163/15685411-bja10250
Samandram Sushilkumar Singh, Phougeishangbam Rolish Singh, Sorokhaibam Mexico Singh, Mayanglambam Ojit Kumar Singh, N. M. Meitei
Analysis of a soil sample from Aizawl district of Mizoram, India, led to the discovery of Mulveyellus aizawlensis sp. n. The new species is presented with female morphological data and molecular data of the D2-D3 expansion segment of 28S and 18S of rDNA, and phylogenetic analysis data based on these sequences. Mulveyellus aizawlensis sp. n. is morphologically characterised by a ventrally arcuate female body, presence of minute transverse striations on cuticle, a barrel-shaped buccal cavity, a dorsal tooth at anterior half of the buccal cavity, toothless subventral wall, distinct cup-shaped amphids located at the level of the dorsal tooth, a tuberculate pharyngo-intestinal junction, bean-shaped pars refrigens vaginae, a didelphic-amphidelphic reproductive system, a conoid ventrally-arcuate tail, and absence of caudal glands and spinneret. This study presents molecular data of the genus Mulveyellus for the first time and revealed a close phylogenetic relationship of this genus with Prionchulus.
{"title":"Morphological and molecular characterisation of Mulveyellus aizawlensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Iotonchinae) from Aizawl, Mizoram, India","authors":"Samandram Sushilkumar Singh, Phougeishangbam Rolish Singh, Sorokhaibam Mexico Singh, Mayanglambam Ojit Kumar Singh, N. M. Meitei","doi":"10.1163/15685411-bja10250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-bja10250","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Analysis of a soil sample from Aizawl district of Mizoram, India, led to the discovery of Mulveyellus aizawlensis sp. n. The new species is presented with female morphological data and molecular data of the D2-D3 expansion segment of 28S and 18S of rDNA, and phylogenetic analysis data based on these sequences. Mulveyellus aizawlensis sp. n. is morphologically characterised by a ventrally arcuate female body, presence of minute transverse striations on cuticle, a barrel-shaped buccal cavity, a dorsal tooth at anterior half of the buccal cavity, toothless subventral wall, distinct cup-shaped amphids located at the level of the dorsal tooth, a tuberculate pharyngo-intestinal junction, bean-shaped pars refrigens vaginae, a didelphic-amphidelphic reproductive system, a conoid ventrally-arcuate tail, and absence of caudal glands and spinneret. This study presents molecular data of the genus Mulveyellus for the first time and revealed a close phylogenetic relationship of this genus with Prionchulus.","PeriodicalId":18928,"journal":{"name":"Nematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46012902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1163/15685411-bja10244
Yusuke Nakayama, K. Togashi
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causative agent of pine wilt disease, and B. mucronatus are transmitted by Monochamus adults to host trees. Feeding and oviposition wounds made by vectors are the primary transmission pathways to trees. Monochamus saltuarius female adults carrying B. mucronatus were reared singly and allowed to mate with nematode-free males at 5-day intervals, to determine the ratio of nematodes transmitted via the two different pathways. The survival time, lifetime fecundity and other reproductive traits decreased with increasing initial nematode load (number of nematodes carried by a newly-emerged adult). Model selection indicated that numbers of B. mucronatus departing from M. saltuarius and of those transmitted to pine via oviposition and feeding wounds were closely related to the initial nematode load, which was affected by survival time and number of oviposition wounds constructed. Most temporal patterns of nematode departure and transmission via oviposition or feeding wounds from individual vectors had a peak in the medium and heavy initial nematode loads. The nematode departure curve was significantly similar in shape to each of the nematode transmission curves via oviposition and feeding wounds, which were not significantly similar to each other, for individual vectors. After M. saltuarius females began to construct the oviposition wounds, it was estimated that B. mucronatus was transmitted via the oviposition wounds at a probability of 0.767. If B. xylophilus is transmitted in the same way as B. mucronatus, the incidence of pine wilt disease by mature vectors would be much lower than in the case of no oviposition-related transmission.
{"title":"Comparison of transmission of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus via two different pathways from Monochamus saltuarius to host trees","authors":"Yusuke Nakayama, K. Togashi","doi":"10.1163/15685411-bja10244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-bja10244","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causative agent of pine wilt disease, and B. mucronatus are transmitted by Monochamus adults to host trees. Feeding and oviposition wounds made by vectors are the primary transmission pathways to trees. Monochamus saltuarius female adults carrying B. mucronatus were reared singly and allowed to mate with nematode-free males at 5-day intervals, to determine the ratio of nematodes transmitted via the two different pathways. The survival time, lifetime fecundity and other reproductive traits decreased with increasing initial nematode load (number of nematodes carried by a newly-emerged adult). Model selection indicated that numbers of B. mucronatus departing from M. saltuarius and of those transmitted to pine via oviposition and feeding wounds were closely related to the initial nematode load, which was affected by survival time and number of oviposition wounds constructed. Most temporal patterns of nematode departure and transmission via oviposition or feeding wounds from individual vectors had a peak in the medium and heavy initial nematode loads. The nematode departure curve was significantly similar in shape to each of the nematode transmission curves via oviposition and feeding wounds, which were not significantly similar to each other, for individual vectors. After M. saltuarius females began to construct the oviposition wounds, it was estimated that B. mucronatus was transmitted via the oviposition wounds at a probability of 0.767. If B. xylophilus is transmitted in the same way as B. mucronatus, the incidence of pine wilt disease by mature vectors would be much lower than in the case of no oviposition-related transmission.","PeriodicalId":18928,"journal":{"name":"Nematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41730259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1163/15685411-bja10248
Ramona Hirschfield, S. Mohan, K. Davies
Selected strains of Pasteuria species from the endospore-forming Gram-positive bacteria group have the potential to be developed into control agents for plant-parasitic nematodes. If Pasteuria is to be deployed successfully as a control agent, endospores of the bacterium initially have to adhere to the cuticle of the infective juvenile. Studies of the bacteria isolated from root-knot nematodes have suggested that collagen-like fibres on the endospore surface interact with a cuticle receptor on the second-stage juvenile through a host specific ‘Velcro-like’ mechanism. However, very little is known regarding the biochemical nature of the mechanism in Pasteuria strains isolated from cyst nematodes. Here, using several polyclonal antibodies raised to whole endospores and to synthetic collagen-like peptides, we compare two Pasteuria populations, one a strain from a root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, and another from cowpea cyst nematode, Heterodera cajani. We demonstrate that there is differential adhesion of endospores to the beet cyst nematode H. schachtii and that the sugar moieties on the endospore surface may protect the collagen-like fibres on the endospore from proteolytic digestion and be involved in the endospore’s specificity.
{"title":"Characterisation of an endospore population of Pasteuria that adheres to the plant-parasitic nematode Heterodera schachtii","authors":"Ramona Hirschfield, S. Mohan, K. Davies","doi":"10.1163/15685411-bja10248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-bja10248","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Selected strains of Pasteuria species from the endospore-forming Gram-positive bacteria group have the potential to be developed into control agents for plant-parasitic nematodes. If Pasteuria is to be deployed successfully as a control agent, endospores of the bacterium initially have to adhere to the cuticle of the infective juvenile. Studies of the bacteria isolated from root-knot nematodes have suggested that collagen-like fibres on the endospore surface interact with a cuticle receptor on the second-stage juvenile through a host specific ‘Velcro-like’ mechanism. However, very little is known regarding the biochemical nature of the mechanism in Pasteuria strains isolated from cyst nematodes. Here, using several polyclonal antibodies raised to whole endospores and to synthetic collagen-like peptides, we compare two Pasteuria populations, one a strain from a root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, and another from cowpea cyst nematode, Heterodera cajani. We demonstrate that there is differential adhesion of endospores to the beet cyst nematode H. schachtii and that the sugar moieties on the endospore surface may protect the collagen-like fibres on the endospore from proteolytic digestion and be involved in the endospore’s specificity.","PeriodicalId":18928,"journal":{"name":"Nematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46524219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-03DOI: 10.1163/15685411-bja10246
Gal Yaacobi, Llora Salame, I. Glazer
The persistence of the entomopathogenic nematode (EPN), Steinernema carpocapsae, was evaluated following application on date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) trees infested with the red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus in an arid environment. Live S. carpocapsae were detected in different sections of the tree trunk, including internal parts, in the soil, and from RPW cadavers. EPN third-stage infective juveniles were extracted from the palm stem tissue and soil up to 45 days and 180 days after application, respectively. Results support the high potential of commercial S. carpocapsae application as a useful biological control agent for R. ferrugineus in date palms in arid environments.
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