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Reaction of Brazilian genotypes of pulses (pea, chickpea and lentil) to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii 巴西豆类(豌豆、鹰嘴豆和扁豆)基因型对根结线虫 Meloidogyne enterolobii 的反应
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1163/15685411-bja10309
Thávio Júnior B Pinto, Dwillian F Cunha, G. Silva, J. Pinheiro, Valdir R. Correia, C. F. Ragassi, J. Cares
The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne enterolobii, is an important pathogen of numerous crops, including the so-called pulses. Hence, it is necessary to identify genetic resistance, as it is the most efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally sound way to manage nematodes in the field. The objective of this study was to screen a Brazilian germplasm collection of pulse crops (peas, chickpeas, and lentils) comprising accessions from the Embrapa Germplasm Bank and commercial cultivars against M. enterolobii under glasshouse conditions. The experiment was conducted with 23 treatments (genotypes), i.e., 14 pea, six chickpea and one lentil genotype, and two tomato cultivars, ‘Rutgers’ (susceptible) and ‘Nemadoro’ (resistant). Each plant (replication) was inoculated with 5000 eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. enterolobii and evaluated 65 days after inoculation, considering the following variables: gall index, egg mass index, number of eggs per g of roots, and reproduction factor. The experiments were conducted at two independent time points (summer and autumn/winter). Results showed that all 23 plant genotypes were susceptible to the nematode, with pea genotype ‘Itapuã’ being intolerant to infection. Cultivation of pulse crops has been steadily increasing both in Brazil and worldwide. Our research findings make a valuable contribution to the ongoing efforts to identify genetic resistance to nematode pathogens that can significantly affect the productivity of these crops. By identifying and developing resistant genotypes, pulse crop yields can be safeguarded, and sustainable agricultural practices can be supported.
根结线虫(Meloidogyne enterolobii)是许多作物(包括所谓的豆类)的重要病原体。因此,有必要确定遗传抗性,因为这是田间管理线虫最有效、最经济、最环保的方法。本研究的目的是在玻璃温室条件下筛选巴西豆类作物(豌豆、鹰嘴豆和扁豆)的种质资源,其中包括 Embrapa 种质资源库和商业栽培品种对肠线虫的抗性。实验采用 23 种处理(基因型),即 14 种豌豆、6 种鹰嘴豆和 1 种扁豆基因型,以及两种番茄栽培品种 "Rutgers"(易感)和 "Nemadoro"(抗性)。每株植物(重复)接种 5000 粒卵和肠孢霉第二期幼虫(J2),接种 65 天后进行评估,评估变量包括:虫瘿指数、卵块指数、每克根中的卵数和繁殖系数。实验在两个独立的时间点(夏季和秋冬季)进行。结果表明,所有 23 种植物基因型都易受线虫感染,其中豌豆基因型 "Itapuã "不耐受线虫感染。巴西和全世界的豆类作物种植面积都在稳步增长。线虫病原体会严重影响这些作物的产量,我们的研究成果为目前鉴定线虫病原体遗传抗性的工作做出了宝贵贡献。通过鉴定和开发抗性基因型,可以保障脉冲作物的产量,支持可持续农业实践。
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引用次数: 0
Nematode production in artificial ponds: a long-term perspective 人工池塘中的线虫生产:长期展望
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1163/15685411-bja10311
N. Majdi, Birgit Gansfort, S. Gehner, W. Traunspurger
Nematodes are the most abundant multicellular animals on Earth and play an important role as intermediaries in energy fluxes. However, estimations of nematode biomass turnover and secondary production have been poorly defined for decades and it is difficult to reach a consensus about the importance of nematodes for ecosystem functioning. Here we monitored monthly the nematode species composition, abundance and biomass over 3-10 years in a set of artificial urban ponds, and we used different allometric models to estimate biomass turnover and secondary production. During the first 3 years of colonisation of the pond bottom, the nematode community was rather species-poor and mostly composed of small bacterivorous species (Monhysterids); however, the community quickly reached impressive numbers (up to 21 million individuals m−2) achieving a maximum annual production of 3.8-11.6 gC m−2 year−1 depending on the allometric model used for estimation. However, over the long-term (3-10 years), abundance and community structure eventually became dramatically altered by anoxic events occurring in one pond, dampening nematode production to low levels (0.3-0.6 gC m−2 year−1) without clear resilience. The comparison of models helped us to formulate general recommendations in order to popularise the use of nematode secondary production as a useful ecosystem diagnostic tool. Overall, results indicated that under good conditions of oxygenation nematodes are a highly productive component of the zoobenthos of ponds. We also discussed the consequences of this finding for sustainable pond aquaculture, as nematodes constitute an important local and nutritive resource for juveniles of economically important fish, such as carp and tilapia.
线虫是地球上最丰富的多细胞动物,在能量通量中扮演着重要的中介角色。然而,几十年来,线虫生物量周转和次级生产的估算一直定义不清,很难就线虫对生态系统功能的重要性达成共识。在这里,我们对一组人工城市池塘中线虫的物种组成、丰度和生物量进行了为期 3-10 年的月度监测,并使用不同的计量模型来估算生物量周转和次级生产。在池塘底部定殖的最初 3 年中,线虫群落的物种相当稀少,主要由小型食菌物种(Monhysterids)组成;然而,该群落很快就达到了惊人的数量(高达 2100 万个个体 m-2),根据估算所用的异速模型,最大年产量为 3.8-11.6 gC m-2 year-1。然而,在长期(3-10 年)内,丰度和群落结构最终因一个池塘发生的缺氧事件而发生巨大变化,线虫产量被抑制到较低水平(0.3-0.6 gC m-2 year-1),没有明显的恢复能力。对模型的比较有助于我们制定一般性建议,以推广使用线虫次生产量作为有用的生态系统诊断工具。总之,研究结果表明,在良好的充氧条件下,线虫是池塘底栖动物的高产组成部分。我们还讨论了这一发现对可持续池塘水产养殖的影响,因为线虫是鲤鱼和罗非鱼等重要经济鱼类幼鱼的重要本地营养资源。
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引用次数: 0
Nematode production in artificial ponds: a long-term perspective 人工池塘中的线虫生产:长期展望
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1163/15685411-bja10311
N. Majdi, Birgit Gansfort, S. Gehner, W. Traunspurger
Nematodes are the most abundant multicellular animals on Earth and play an important role as intermediaries in energy fluxes. However, estimations of nematode biomass turnover and secondary production have been poorly defined for decades and it is difficult to reach a consensus about the importance of nematodes for ecosystem functioning. Here we monitored monthly the nematode species composition, abundance and biomass over 3-10 years in a set of artificial urban ponds, and we used different allometric models to estimate biomass turnover and secondary production. During the first 3 years of colonisation of the pond bottom, the nematode community was rather species-poor and mostly composed of small bacterivorous species (Monhysterids); however, the community quickly reached impressive numbers (up to 21 million individuals m−2) achieving a maximum annual production of 3.8-11.6 gC m−2 year−1 depending on the allometric model used for estimation. However, over the long-term (3-10 years), abundance and community structure eventually became dramatically altered by anoxic events occurring in one pond, dampening nematode production to low levels (0.3-0.6 gC m−2 year−1) without clear resilience. The comparison of models helped us to formulate general recommendations in order to popularise the use of nematode secondary production as a useful ecosystem diagnostic tool. Overall, results indicated that under good conditions of oxygenation nematodes are a highly productive component of the zoobenthos of ponds. We also discussed the consequences of this finding for sustainable pond aquaculture, as nematodes constitute an important local and nutritive resource for juveniles of economically important fish, such as carp and tilapia.
线虫是地球上最丰富的多细胞动物,在能量通量中扮演着重要的中介角色。然而,几十年来,线虫生物量周转和次级生产的估算一直定义不清,很难就线虫对生态系统功能的重要性达成共识。在这里,我们对一组人工城市池塘中线虫的物种组成、丰度和生物量进行了为期 3-10 年的月度监测,并使用不同的计量模型来估算生物量周转和次级生产。在池塘底部定殖的最初 3 年中,线虫群落的物种相当稀少,主要由小型食菌物种(Monhysterids)组成;然而,该群落很快就达到了惊人的数量(高达 2100 万个个体 m-2),根据估算所用的异速模型,最大年产量为 3.8-11.6 gC m-2 year-1。然而,在长期(3-10 年)内,丰度和群落结构最终因一个池塘发生的缺氧事件而发生巨大变化,线虫产量被抑制到较低水平(0.3-0.6 gC m-2 year-1),且没有明显的恢复能力。对模型的比较有助于我们制定一般性建议,以推广使用线虫次生产量作为有用的生态系统诊断工具。总之,研究结果表明,在良好的充氧条件下,线虫是池塘底栖动物的高产组成部分。我们还讨论了这一发现对可持续池塘水产养殖的影响,因为线虫是鲤鱼和罗非鱼等重要经济鱼类幼鱼的重要本地营养资源。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of allelic Mi-1.2 dosage effects on levels of resistance to virulent and avirulent Meloidogyne spp. populations in some tomato rootstocks 评估等位基因 Mi-1.2 的剂量效应对一些番茄砧木对带毒和无毒 Meloidogyne spp.
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1163/15685411-bja10308
Márcia Gabriel, Marcilene F. A. Santos, V. S. Mattos, Sheila F. Almeida, L. Boiteux, R. G. Carneiro
The -1.2 gene confers broad-spectrum resistance to populations of at least 13 Meloidogyne species, being present in a wide range of commercial tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars. A more refined assessment of the allelic dosage effects of the -1.2 gene to virulent and avirulent Meloidogyne populations may provide relevant information for the management of the durability of the resistance under field conditions. Herein, the allelic dosage effects (homozygous vs heterozygous at the -1.2 locus) on the phenotypic expression of resistance were evaluated against one -1.2-virulent and six avirulent Meloidogyne spp. populations. Seven tomato rootstocks with distinct allelic conditions at the -1.2 locus and one susceptible control (‘Santa Clara’) were used in the present study. Significant dosage effects of -1.2 alleles in reducing the reproduction factors (RF) were observed, but restricted to the avirulent Meloidogyne populations. Homozygous resistant (-1.2/-1.2) cultivars, except TD1, prevented reproduction of almost avirulent Meloidogyne spp. populations in contrast with the heterozygous allele combination (-1.2/-1.2), which allowed a certain level of nematode reproduction. The efficiency and durability of the -1.2 gene depend on its proper management under commercial field conditions. Heterozygous (-1.2/-1.2) plants will increase the population of Meloidogyne spp., with no drastic reduction as occurring in the case of homozygous resistant, and they allow a small reproduction of more adapted sub-populations of the nematode, which might increase over time. Therefore, our results strongly indicated that the employment (whenever possible) of hybrids carrying the double dosage of the -1.2 gene would reduce the potential of high nematode populations in plants with this allelic configuration.
-1.2基因对至少13种褐飞虱种群具有广谱抗性,广泛存在于商业番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)栽培品种中。对 -1.2 基因对有毒力和无毒力的 Meloidogyne 种群的等位基因剂量效应进行更精细的评估,可为田间条件下抗性持久性的管理提供相关信息。本文评估了等位基因剂量效应(1.2 基因座上的同源基因与杂合基因)对抗性表型表达的影响。本研究使用了 7 种 -1.2 基因座等位基因条件不同的番茄砧木和 1 种易感对照('Santa Clara')。在降低繁殖系数(RF)方面观察到了 -1.2 等位基因的显著剂量效应,但仅限于无抗性的 Meloidogyne 种群。除 TD1 外,同源抗性(-1.2/-1.2)栽培品种阻止了几乎无毒的 Meloidogyne 种群的繁殖,而杂合等位基因组合(-1.2/-1.2)则允许一定程度的线虫繁殖。-1.2 基因的效率和耐久性取决于在商业化田间条件下的适当管理。杂合(-1.2/-1.2)植株会增加 Meloidogyne spp.因此,我们的研究结果有力地表明,(在可能的情况下)使用携带-1.2 基因双剂量的杂交种,将降低具有这种等位基因结构的植物中线虫种群数量增加的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Mating sub-behaviours in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus on agar and evidence for female cooperation 琼脂上的嗜木刺马囊虫交配亚行为和雌性合作的证据
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1163/15685411-bja10310
Kentaro Doi, R. Shinya
The pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is the cause of pine wilt disease and reproduces by copulation within host pine trees. Female mate selection in B. xylophilus mating behaviour has been reported but definitive evidence is lacking. Furthermore, while the mating behaviour of the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans on agar has been well understood, the mating behaviour of B. xylophilus on agar has not been studied in detail, and the differences in their characteristics remain unclear. Here, we addressed these knowledge gaps by observing B. xylophilus mating behaviour on agar. We identified six primary mating sub-behaviours in B. xylophilus males. Comparative analysis with C. elegans revealed distinct differences in the sequence of mating stages. Notably, B. xylophilus males actively searched for the female’s vulva during the wrapping stage, whereas females exhibited back-and-forth locomotion to align the male spicule with the vulva location. Additionally, we conducted mating assays using anaesthetised female nematodes to evaluate the female’s role in the mating behaviours of B. xylophilus. The mating duration increased significantly when females were anaesthetised, and the probabilities of reaching the wrapping and vulva location stages were reduced. Therefore, B. xylophilus females actively cooperate in mating behaviours. Our findings highlight unique aspects of mating behaviours in B. xylophilus and provide insights concerning differences in mating behaviours between B. xylophilus and C. elegans.
松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)是松树枯萎病的病原菌,通过在寄主松树内交配进行繁殖。有报告称,松材线虫交配行为中存在雌性配偶选择,但缺乏确切证据。此外,虽然自由生活的线虫 Caenorhabditis elegans 在琼脂上的交配行为已被很好地理解,但嗜木虱在琼脂上的交配行为还没有被详细研究过,它们之间的特征差异仍不清楚。在此,我们通过观察嗜木虱在琼脂上的交配行为来填补这些知识空白。我们确定了嗜木虱雄性的六种主要交配亚行为。与秀丽隐杆线虫的比较分析表明,交配阶段的顺序存在明显差异。值得注意的是,嗜木蝇雄虫在缠绕阶段会主动寻找雌虫的外阴,而雌虫则表现出前后运动,以将雄虫的刺对准外阴位置。此外,我们还利用麻醉的雌线虫进行了交配试验,以评估雌线虫在木线虫交配行为中的作用。雌性线虫被麻醉后,交配持续时间明显延长,达到包裹和外阴定位阶段的概率降低。因此,嗜木虱雌虫在交配行为中积极合作。我们的发现凸显了嗜木虱交配行为的独特之处,并就嗜木虱与秀丽隐杆线虫交配行为的差异提供了见解。
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引用次数: 0
A taxonomic update on Tylenchorhynchus annulatus (Nematoda: Dolichodoridae), a widely distributed stunt nematode species 关于广泛分布的矮秆线虫 Tylenchorhynchus annulatus(线虫纲:Dolichodoridae)的分类更新
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1163/15685411-bja10312
Phougeishangbam Rolish Singh, A. Hajihassani
The stunt nematode species, Tylenchorhynchus annulatus (Cassidy, 1930) Golden, 1971, is a widely distributed plant parasite found associated with various major agricultural crops. In the current work, a population of T. annulatus detected from a sugarcane field in Everglades, Florida, USA, was morphologically and molecularly characterised. A comparative study was also done including the stunt nematode populations identified morphologically and molecularly by different research groups as T. agri, T. annulatus or T. crassicaudatus from China, Indonesia, Iran, Korea, Niger, Nigeria, Tanzania and the USA, revealing highly similar morphology and overlapping morphometric data among the populations. However, these populations were found separated into two maximally supported clades in phylogenetic trees based on rRNA gene sequences (28S and ITS). One clade comprised populations from China, Indonesia, Iran, Nigeria, South Korea, Tanzania and the USA, and the other clade only populations from the USA. This study also strongly supported the view that T. crassicaudatus is a junior synonym of T. annulatus.
茎线虫 Tylenchorhynchus annulatus (Cassidy, 1930) Golden, 1971 是一种广泛分布的植物寄生虫,与多种主要农作物有关。在目前的工作中,对从美国佛罗里达州大沼泽地甘蔗田中检测到的 T. annulatus 种群进行了形态学和分子鉴定。此外,还对来自中国、印度尼西亚、伊朗、韩国、尼日尔、尼日利亚、坦桑尼亚和美国的矮秆线虫种群进行了比较研究,这些种群被不同的研究小组从形态学和分子学上鉴定为 T. agri、T. annulatus 或 T. crassicaudatus。然而,在基于 rRNA 基因序列(28S 和 ITS)的系统发生树中,这些种群被分为两个支持率最高的支系。一个支系包括来自中国、印度尼西亚、伊朗、尼日利亚、韩国、坦桑尼亚和美国的种群,而另一个支系仅包括来自美国的种群。这项研究还有力地支持了 T. crassicaudatus 是 T. annulatus 的初级异名这一观点。
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引用次数: 0
A taxonomic update on Tylenchorhynchus annulatus (Nematoda: Dolichodoridae), a widely distributed stunt nematode species 关于广泛分布的矮秆线虫 Tylenchorhynchus annulatus(线虫纲:Dolichodoridae)的分类更新
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1163/15685411-bja10312
Phougeishangbam Rolish Singh, A. Hajihassani
The stunt nematode species, Tylenchorhynchus annulatus (Cassidy, 1930) Golden, 1971, is a widely distributed plant parasite found associated with various major agricultural crops. In the current work, a population of T. annulatus detected from a sugarcane field in Everglades, Florida, USA, was morphologically and molecularly characterised. A comparative study was also done including the stunt nematode populations identified morphologically and molecularly by different research groups as T. agri, T. annulatus or T. crassicaudatus from China, Indonesia, Iran, Korea, Niger, Nigeria, Tanzania and the USA, revealing highly similar morphology and overlapping morphometric data among the populations. However, these populations were found separated into two maximally supported clades in phylogenetic trees based on rRNA gene sequences (28S and ITS). One clade comprised populations from China, Indonesia, Iran, Nigeria, South Korea, Tanzania and the USA, and the other clade only populations from the USA. This study also strongly supported the view that T. crassicaudatus is a junior synonym of T. annulatus.
茎线虫 Tylenchorhynchus annulatus (Cassidy, 1930) Golden, 1971 是一种广泛分布的植物寄生虫,与多种主要农作物有关。在目前的工作中,对从美国佛罗里达州大沼泽地甘蔗田中检测到的 T. annulatus 种群进行了形态学和分子鉴定。此外,还对来自中国、印度尼西亚、伊朗、韩国、尼日尔、尼日利亚、坦桑尼亚和美国的矮秆线虫种群进行了比较研究,这些种群被不同的研究小组从形态学和分子学上鉴定为 T. agri、T. annulatus 或 T. crassicaudatus。然而,在基于 rRNA 基因序列(28S 和 ITS)的系统发生树中,这些种群被分为两个支持率最高的支系。一个支系包括来自中国、印度尼西亚、伊朗、尼日利亚、韩国、坦桑尼亚和美国的种群,而另一个支系仅包括来自美国的种群。这项研究还有力地支持了 T. crassicaudatus 是 T. annulatus 的初级异名这一观点。
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引用次数: 0
Mating sub-behaviours in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus on agar and evidence for female cooperation 琼脂上的嗜木刺马囊虫交配亚行为和雌性合作的证据
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1163/15685411-bja10310
Kentaro Doi, R. Shinya
The pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is the cause of pine wilt disease and reproduces by copulation within host pine trees. Female mate selection in B. xylophilus mating behaviour has been reported but definitive evidence is lacking. Furthermore, while the mating behaviour of the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans on agar has been well understood, the mating behaviour of B. xylophilus on agar has not been studied in detail, and the differences in their characteristics remain unclear. Here, we addressed these knowledge gaps by observing B. xylophilus mating behaviour on agar. We identified six primary mating sub-behaviours in B. xylophilus males. Comparative analysis with C. elegans revealed distinct differences in the sequence of mating stages. Notably, B. xylophilus males actively searched for the female’s vulva during the wrapping stage, whereas females exhibited back-and-forth locomotion to align the male spicule with the vulva location. Additionally, we conducted mating assays using anaesthetised female nematodes to evaluate the female’s role in the mating behaviours of B. xylophilus. The mating duration increased significantly when females were anaesthetised, and the probabilities of reaching the wrapping and vulva location stages were reduced. Therefore, B. xylophilus females actively cooperate in mating behaviours. Our findings highlight unique aspects of mating behaviours in B. xylophilus and provide insights concerning differences in mating behaviours between B. xylophilus and C. elegans.
松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)是松树枯萎病的病原菌,通过在寄主松树内交配进行繁殖。有报告称,松材线虫交配行为中存在雌性配偶选择,但缺乏确切证据。此外,虽然自由生活的线虫 Caenorhabditis elegans 在琼脂上的交配行为已被很好地理解,但嗜木虱在琼脂上的交配行为还没有被详细研究过,它们之间的特征差异仍不清楚。在此,我们通过观察嗜木虱在琼脂上的交配行为来填补这些知识空白。我们确定了嗜木虱雄性的六种主要交配亚行为。与秀丽隐杆线虫的比较分析表明,交配阶段的顺序存在明显差异。值得注意的是,嗜木蝇雄虫在缠绕阶段会主动寻找雌虫的外阴,而雌虫则表现出前后运动,以将雄虫的刺对准外阴位置。此外,我们还利用麻醉的雌线虫进行了交配试验,以评估雌线虫在木线虫交配行为中的作用。雌性线虫被麻醉后,交配持续时间明显延长,达到包裹和外阴定位阶段的概率降低。因此,嗜木虱雌虫在交配行为中积极合作。我们的发现凸显了嗜木虱交配行为的独特之处,并就嗜木虱与秀丽隐杆线虫交配行为的差异提供了见解。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of allelic Mi-1.2 dosage effects on levels of resistance to virulent and avirulent Meloidogyne spp. populations in some tomato rootstocks 评估等位基因 Mi-1.2 的剂量效应对一些番茄砧木对带毒和无毒 Meloidogyne spp.
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1163/15685411-bja10308
Márcia Gabriel, Marcilene F. A. Santos, V. S. Mattos, Sheila F. Almeida, L. Boiteux, R. G. Carneiro
The -1.2 gene confers broad-spectrum resistance to populations of at least 13 Meloidogyne species, being present in a wide range of commercial tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars. A more refined assessment of the allelic dosage effects of the -1.2 gene to virulent and avirulent Meloidogyne populations may provide relevant information for the management of the durability of the resistance under field conditions. Herein, the allelic dosage effects (homozygous vs heterozygous at the -1.2 locus) on the phenotypic expression of resistance were evaluated against one -1.2-virulent and six avirulent Meloidogyne spp. populations. Seven tomato rootstocks with distinct allelic conditions at the -1.2 locus and one susceptible control (‘Santa Clara’) were used in the present study. Significant dosage effects of -1.2 alleles in reducing the reproduction factors (RF) were observed, but restricted to the avirulent Meloidogyne populations. Homozygous resistant (-1.2/-1.2) cultivars, except TD1, prevented reproduction of almost avirulent Meloidogyne spp. populations in contrast with the heterozygous allele combination (-1.2/-1.2), which allowed a certain level of nematode reproduction. The efficiency and durability of the -1.2 gene depend on its proper management under commercial field conditions. Heterozygous (-1.2/-1.2) plants will increase the population of Meloidogyne spp., with no drastic reduction as occurring in the case of homozygous resistant, and they allow a small reproduction of more adapted sub-populations of the nematode, which might increase over time. Therefore, our results strongly indicated that the employment (whenever possible) of hybrids carrying the double dosage of the -1.2 gene would reduce the potential of high nematode populations in plants with this allelic configuration.
-1.2基因对至少13种褐飞虱种群具有广谱抗性,广泛存在于商业番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)栽培品种中。对 -1.2 基因对有毒力和无毒力的 Meloidogyne 种群的等位基因剂量效应进行更精细的评估,可为田间条件下抗性持久性的管理提供相关信息。本文评估了等位基因剂量效应(1.2 基因座上的同源基因与杂合基因)对抗性表型表达的影响。本研究使用了 7 种 -1.2 基因座等位基因条件不同的番茄砧木和 1 种易感对照('Santa Clara')。在降低繁殖系数(RF)方面观察到了 -1.2 等位基因的显著剂量效应,但仅限于无抗性的 Meloidogyne 种群。除 TD1 外,同源抗性(-1.2/-1.2)栽培品种阻止了几乎无毒的 Meloidogyne 种群的繁殖,而杂合等位基因组合(-1.2/-1.2)则允许一定程度的线虫繁殖。-1.2 基因的效率和耐久性取决于在商业化田间条件下的适当管理。杂合(-1.2/-1.2)植株会增加 Meloidogyne spp.因此,我们的研究结果有力地表明,(在可能的情况下)使用携带-1.2 基因双剂量的杂交种,将降低具有这种等位基因结构的植物中线虫种群数量增加的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker-assisted breeding of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora for improvement of reproductive potential and stress tolerance 单核苷酸多态性(SNP)标记辅助细菌杂环虫育种以提高繁殖潜力和抗逆性
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.1163/15685411-bja10307
Christopher Ogaya, Michelle Ann B. Diano, Innocent Hategekimana, Verena Dörfler, Carlos Molina, Ralf-Udo Ehlers
The entomopathogenic nematode (EPN), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, is an efficient biological control agent against several economically important insect pests. Recent research has assessed the possibility to correlate desired beneficial traits with genotype data to pave a way for marker-assisted breeding approaches. A collection of H. bacteriophora WT inbred lines has been phenotyped in this framework for stress- and virulence-related traits. However, these traits are rarely combined in a single line. Thus, unifying these traits in commercial strains is of high priority. This investigation unified beneficial traits in hybrid pools through marker-assisted breeding using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with reproductive potential, longevity, virulence and cold tolerance. Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) generated from a cross between a stress tolerant WT inbred line (XX21) and a line high in in vitro reproduction potential (IL3) were genotyped via SeqSNP and screened for SNP markers associated with beneficial traits. Thereafter, a genotypic pool (X21L3) comprising 22 ILs was formed. The X21L3 pool was subsequently evaluated for the target traits in comparison with the cross parents and a commercial strain HB4. An improvement of oxidative stress tolerance at 2°C (cold tolerance) was recorded with X21L3 surviving 1 day longer than the best performing parent (XX21). The hybrid pool also survived 1 day longer than the least performing parent IL3 for the trait longevity at 25°C under oxidative stress conditions. A higher dauer juvenile (DJ) recovery (58%) and DJ yield (209 000 DJ ml−1) than the least performing parent XX21 was recorded for the pool. The storage stability in diatomaceous earth formulation at 2°C and 7.5°C was also improved by 2 and 5 days, respectively, in comparison to the least performing parent XX21. This study depicts the potential of precision marker-assisted breeding for beneficial trait improvement of H. bacteriophora.
昆虫病原线虫(EPN)--细菌异habditis bacteriophora--是一种高效的生物防治剂,可防治多种具有重要经济价值的害虫。最近的研究评估了将所需的有益性状与基因型数据相关联的可能性,从而为标记辅助育种方法铺平道路。在这一框架下,已对一系列菌核病 WT 近交系进行了压力和毒力相关性状的表型分析。然而,这些性状很少结合在一个品系中。因此,在商业品系中统一这些性状是当务之急。这项研究通过使用与繁殖潜力、寿命、毒力和耐寒性相关的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)进行标记辅助育种,统一了杂交种池中的有益性状。通过 SeqSNP 对抗逆性强的 WT 近交系(XX21)和体外繁殖潜力高的品系(IL3)杂交产生的重组近交系(RIL)进行基因分型,并筛选与有益性状相关的 SNP 标记。之后,形成了一个由 22 个 IL 组成的基因型库(X21L3)。随后,通过与杂交亲本和商业菌株 HB4 的比较,对 X21L3 基因库的目标性状进行了评估。结果表明,X21L3 比表现最好的亲本(XX21)多存活 1 天,从而提高了在 2°C 下的氧化应激耐受性(耐寒性)。在 25°C 的氧化胁迫条件下,杂种池的寿命也比表现最差的亲本 IL3 长 1 天。与表现最差的亲本 XX21 相比,该杂交种池的 Dauer 幼虫(DJ)恢复率(58%)和 DJ 产量(209 000 DJ ml-1)都更高。与性能最差的亲本 XX21 相比,硅藻土制剂在 2°C 和 7.5°C 下的储存稳定性也分别提高了 2 天和 5 天。这项研究展示了精确标记辅助育种在改良菌核病有益性状方面的潜力。
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Nematology
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