Nanotechnology最新文献

To address the increasingly severe ecological degradation, photocatalytic technology has attracted significant attention due to its pollution-free nature and the abundance of renewable resources. Numerous semiconductor photocatalysts have been developed. However, their performance has long been constrained by the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. In this study, the In₂O₃nanorods loaded with graphene structure has been fabricated, where In_₂O_₃nanorods were prepared using the glancing angle deposition technique. The research aims to suppress the recombination of photogenerated carriers in In_₂O_₃by leveraging the high electron mobility of graphene, thereby enhancing its photocatalytic performance. Under the optimal graphene loading conditions, the photocurrent density of In_₂O_₃/graphene is as high as 0.6 mA cm^-2. The photocurrent density and degradation efficiency has been improved by 81.82% and 33.5% compared to pure In_₂O_₃nanorods, respectively. This enhancement can be attributed to the built-in electric field formed between graphene and In_₂O_₃, which facilitates rapid electron transfer and effectively suppresses charge recombination, thereby improving the overall photocatalytic performance.

Liver fibrosis represents a critical intermediate stage in the progression of chronic liver diseases toward cirrhosis. Conventional therapeutic strategies remain limited by insufficient efficacy, notable side effects, or narrow applicability, making the effective reversal of fibrosis a persistent clinical challenge. Although gene silencing technologies offer a promising therapeutic avenue, their clinical translation is hampered by poor delivery efficiency, instabilityin vivo, and lack of tissue specificity. To address these issues, we developed a lactobionic acid-modified aminated glycogen (Lac-AGly) nanoparticle system for the targeted delivery of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) targeting small interfering RNA (siRNA). By utilizing natural glycogen as a biodegradable backbone, a degree of amination of 51.2% conferred efficient siRNA binding capacity, while Lac modification enabled selective recognition of hepatocyte-expressed asialoglycoprotein receptors. The resulting Lac-AGly/siCTGF nanocomplexes exhibited a uniform spherical morphology with an average particle size of 247.2 ± 8.8 nm and a zeta potential of 28.5 ± 3.8 mV.In vivostudies demonstrated that Lac-AGly/siCTGF significantly attenuated liver fibrosis, evidenced by a reduction in the collagen-positive area from 14.3% to 3.1%. Collectively, the Lac-AGly/siCTGF nanoparticle system integrated biocompatibility, serum stability, and active hepatic targeting into a single platform, significantly improving siRNA delivery efficiency and gene-silencing efficacy while maintaining favorable biosafety. This work provided a novel and translatable strategy for precise molecular intervention in liver fibrosis.

Electrostatic actuators offer a method for tuning photonic components using orders of magnitude less power than competing technologies. We consider electrostatic comb drives with dimensions tailored for integration with silicon photonics and study their static and dynamical properties. We extract the spring constant by dynamical measurements, which do not rely on assumptions about the electrical properties and fringing fields. This, in turn, allows measuring the differential capacitance without making assumptions about the mechanical properties. The resulting data set therefore allows for an accurate assessment of the validity of multiple theoretical models available in the literature, and we identify the importance of the stress in the anchor points for an accurate theoretical description. We provide a comb-drive design, which can be directly applied in silicon photonics, where it is suitable for inducing very large phase shifts and other optical effects in nanoelectromechanical reconfigurable photonic circuits. Through measurements we find that our design can reach mechanical frequencies of 2.7 MHz, the highest operating frequency of a comb-drive actuator reported so far, while still retaining useful steady-state displacements.

We report the emergence and persistence of a room-temperature soliton-polariton condensate (SPC) within an organic supramolecular gel, formed through centimeter-scale, hierarchically nested helical nanowire circuits self-assembled from single molecules. We uncover a fractal feedback route, where nested interference and spin-momentum locking across fractal layers confine photons by nearly two orders of magnitude, while vibrational energy trapping sustains the coherence of triplet-SPC qubits. Micro-PL and magneto-optics reveal integrated 4.6 ms SPC lifetimes (not single-polariton lifetime) in helical nanowires, matched by models capturing ballistic soliton jumps and quantized topological pumping. By nesting cavities fractally, this gel platform delivers on-demand, reconfigurable, room-temperature quantum light at centimeter scales-pointing to flexible, low-cost neuromorphic quantum hardware where problem-native polaritonic circuits emerge, self-stabilize, and compute in situ.

Sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition with uncontrolled inflammation and lung damage. Current therapies are limited, and reprogramming macrophages from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes via STAT6/IRF4 activation offers a promising strategy. Dexamethasone-loaded glycyrrhiza protein nanoparticles (Dex@GNPs) were synthesized by extracting GP, denaturing it with phosphoric acid, cross-linking with glutaraldehyde, and encapsulating dexamethasone. Physicochemical properties (size,ζ-potential, drug release) were characterized.In vitrostudies used lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated MH-S macrophages;in vivoefficacy was evaluated in murine ARDS models (LPS intratracheal injection or cecal ligation and puncture). Macrophage polarization (flow cytometry, immunofluorescence), STAT6/IRF4 pathway activation (Western blot), lung histopathology (H&E), and inflammation markers (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytokines, ELISA) were assessed. Dex@GNPs exhibited favorable physicochemical properties (hydrodynamic diameter: 374 ± 12 nm;ζ-potential: -22 ± 4 mV) with pH-responsive drug release (79% cumulative release at pH 5.5 within 24 h).In vitro, Dex@GNPs significantly reprogrammed M1 macrophages to M2 phenotypes, increasing CD206⁺cells from 5% to 25% and upregulating STAT6/IRF4 expression compared to LPS-stimulated cells.In vivo, Dex@GNPs selectively targeted inflamed lungs, reduced alveolar damage, suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1 reduced by 81%, 83%, 86% respectively), and restored alveolar-capillary barrier integrity, outperforming free dexamethasone. Dex@GNPs synergize GP's targeting and dexamethasone's anti-inflammatory effects to alleviate sepsis-induced ARDS by STAT6/IRF4-mediated macrophage polarization, offering a biocompatible nanotherapeutic platform.

Solid-liquid gating is a promising route to probe the electrostatics of two-dimensional semiconductors, yet its mechanisms are easily obscured by interface defects and discharge paths introduced by ionic double layers in conventional measurement circuits. We address these issues with two advances: (i) a damage-free all-solid-liquid contact that suppresses interface degradation and trapping, and (ii) a measurement architecture that isolates the ionic-liquid (IL) double layer from circuit discharge, employing an ultrahigh-input-impedance follower to read the gate potential in operando. These measures deliver accurate and highly reproducible gate potentials. With this direct potential metrology, we measured the IL potential at the mid-channel, providing a more direct basis for explaining the apparent long-channel pinch-off effect. Crucially, we find that threshold voltage shifts correlate with the gate metals' intrinsic open-circuit potentials, not their work-function differences, overturning a common assumption. Together, these results clarify the mechanism of solid-liquid gating and establish a reliable foundation for designing low-power, solution-gated nanoelectronics.

This work demonstrates a high-performance AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor on SiC, featuring an unintentionally doped AlN super back barrier and an ultra-thin GaN channel. This structure directly addresses the limitation of conventional Fe-or C-doped buffers, where deep-level dopants induce high trap densities, severe current collapse, and reliability degradation. The AlN super back barrier /GaN heterointerface provides a large conduction band offset for robust carrier confinement and high intrinsic resistivity for effective leakage suppression. Consequently, the fabricated HEMTs exhibit low off-state leakage, a breakdown field exceeding 2.1 MV/cm, and minimal current collapse of only 10.87%. At 3.6 GHz, the device delivers a high output power density of 13.58 W/mm at a 70 V drain bias and achieves a peak power-added efficiency of 73.06% at 40 V. These results underscore the effectiveness of the AlN super back barrier with an ultra-thin channel in simultaneously enabling high breakdown strength, high power, and high efficiency, providing a promising solution for next-generation RF power applications.

This study investigates how liquid silicone rubber (LSR) content (5-20 vol.%) and graphene nano-platelets (GNPs) loading (0-1 vol.%) affect the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of a dual epoxy/LSR matrix prepared by mechanical mixing. At 5 vol.% LSR and 0.2 vol.% GNP, the epoxy/LSR/GNP system shows a 25% toughness improvement compared with epoxy/GNP system. The system also demonstrates enhanced thermal stability over pure epoxy at 5 vol.% LSR and 1 vol.% GNP. Electrical bulk conductivity increases with higher LSR content (0-20 vol.%). A percolation threshold is reached at a very low GNP loading (0.8 vol%), yielding a marked conductivity rise. Overall, incorporating both LSR and GNP fillers into the epoxy matrix produces a composite with superior mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, suitable for electrically conductive adhesives.

Electromagnetic wave pollution is becoming increasingly serious, which negatively affects both electronic devices and human health. There is an urgent demand to prepare the composites with light weight, high mechanical properties, and excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance. Herein, carbon nanotube-nickel nanoparticle/polyimide (CNT-Ni/PI) composite films were prepared through electrospinning, vacuum filtration, and coating methods. The composite film showed high mechanical performance due to the interface reinforcement effect. When the nickel nanoparticle content reached 2 wt%, the CNT-Ni/PI composite presented a tensile strength of 42.1 MPa and a Young's modulus of 710.5 MPa. Due to high conductivity, the carbon nanotube layer of the composite could efficiently reflect electromagnetic waves. Ni nanoparticles coated the surface of the PI film and generated magnetic loss and interfacial polarization loss at the interface to absorb the electromagnetic wave. Based on the synergistic effect of reflection and absorbing losses, the composite film achieved excellent EMI shielding effectiveness, and its total shielding effectiveness reached 81.45 dB in the X-band. Moreover, the specific shielding effectiveness (SSE) of the CNT-2Ni/PI composite film achieved the maximum value of 9819.28 dB·cm²/g when its thickness and areal density were 0.17 mm and 0.0083 g/cm², respectively. Therefore, the lightweight and flexible CNT-Ni/PI composite film is highly promising for application as an EMI shielding layer in wearable electronics and radar.

This study investigates the performance and reliability of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) under radio frequency (RF) stress through a device-level simulation of a commercial power amplifier. By analyzing the electrical characteristics, breakdown voltage, and RF performance under normal operation and before/after RF stress, we examined the influence of key structural parameters on the device's resistance to RF stress. The parameters studied include the passivation layer thickness, the gate-to-drain to gate-to-source length ratio (Lgd:Lgs), and the buried gate depth. Specifically, an increase in the passivation layer thickness from 0.095 μm to 0.245 μm resulted in a relatively limited improvement in RF stress resistance of 3.45%. In contrast, a variation in Lgd:Lgs from 2:1 to 1:2 and an increase in the buried gate depth from 1 nm to 3 nm led to more pronounced enhancements of 38.3% and 44.4%, respectively. Finally, TCAD simulation results visually illustrate the extent of improvement in RF stress resistance achieved through each structural modification.