Pub Date : 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1038/s41577-026-01278-2
Amitava Sinha, Thomas Weichhart
{"title":"O-GlcNAcylation shapes macrophage tissue residency and alternative activation.","authors":"Amitava Sinha, Thomas Weichhart","doi":"10.1038/s41577-026-01278-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-026-01278-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":60.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146157876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1038/s41577-026-01277-3
Annette Wu, Betty Y S Kim
{"title":"Affinity-dependent local antibody feedback shapes germinal centre dynamics.","authors":"Annette Wu, Betty Y S Kim","doi":"10.1038/s41577-026-01277-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-026-01277-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":60.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146132427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1038/s41577-026-01276-4
Ruslan Medzhitov
{"title":"On the balance of knowledge.","authors":"Ruslan Medzhitov","doi":"10.1038/s41577-026-01276-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-026-01276-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":60.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146125874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1038/s41577-026-01275-5
Rachel Geltman,Dusan Bogunovic
{"title":"Type I interferonopathy in ATR-X syndrome reveals a transcriptional role for cGAS.","authors":"Rachel Geltman,Dusan Bogunovic","doi":"10.1038/s41577-026-01275-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-026-01275-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":100.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146069997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1038/s41577-026-01266-6
Jaroslav Zak,John R Teijaro
JAK inhibitors target a large group of cytokines that signal through the JAK-STAT pathway and are typically used clinically as immunosuppressive agents. However, recent work has demonstrated the paradoxical ability of JAK inhibitors to enhance antitumour and antiviral immune responses and established their synergy with immune checkpoint inhibitors in early-stage clinical trials. In this Perspective, we consider why JAK inhibitors, which are typically used as immunosuppressive drugs, can have immune-enhancing effects, exploring the potential mechanistic basis and the opportunities to harness this effect to improve cancer immunotherapy.
{"title":"Beyond suppression: the paradox of JAK inhibitors as amplifiers of cancer immunotherapy.","authors":"Jaroslav Zak,John R Teijaro","doi":"10.1038/s41577-026-01266-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-026-01266-6","url":null,"abstract":"JAK inhibitors target a large group of cytokines that signal through the JAK-STAT pathway and are typically used clinically as immunosuppressive agents. However, recent work has demonstrated the paradoxical ability of JAK inhibitors to enhance antitumour and antiviral immune responses and established their synergy with immune checkpoint inhibitors in early-stage clinical trials. In this Perspective, we consider why JAK inhibitors, which are typically used as immunosuppressive drugs, can have immune-enhancing effects, exploring the potential mechanistic basis and the opportunities to harness this effect to improve cancer immunotherapy.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"186 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":100.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01262-2
Noa B Martín-Cófreces,Diego Calzada-Fraile,Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
In the context of adaptive immunity, T cells are activated by professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in a process that begins with peptide-MHC complexes on the APC being recognized by T cell receptor and CD3 co-receptor complexes on the T cell. This triggers a reorganization of T cell morphology, formation of an immune synapse, and the delivery of signals that ultimately culminate in nuclear activation. The interaction between T cells and APCs, such as dendritic cells (DCs), was originally viewed as a unidirectional information highway in which the APC instructs the T cell. It is now clear that bidirectional crosstalk occurs at the immune synapse and that T cells also shape APC functions. The concept of 'DC licensing' originally suggested an instructive role for T cells in modifying DC functions. More recent studies have provided important insight into the changes that occur in DCs during antigen-driven contacts with T cells at the immune synapse. In this Review, we discuss our current understanding of the bidirectional T cell-DC crosstalk that occurs at the IS and its relevance for immune responses and immunotherapies.
{"title":"How crosstalk at the immune synapse shapes T cell and dendritic cell biologys.","authors":"Noa B Martín-Cófreces,Diego Calzada-Fraile,Francisco Sánchez-Madrid","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01262-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-025-01262-2","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of adaptive immunity, T cells are activated by professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in a process that begins with peptide-MHC complexes on the APC being recognized by T cell receptor and CD3 co-receptor complexes on the T cell. This triggers a reorganization of T cell morphology, formation of an immune synapse, and the delivery of signals that ultimately culminate in nuclear activation. The interaction between T cells and APCs, such as dendritic cells (DCs), was originally viewed as a unidirectional information highway in which the APC instructs the T cell. It is now clear that bidirectional crosstalk occurs at the immune synapse and that T cells also shape APC functions. The concept of 'DC licensing' originally suggested an instructive role for T cells in modifying DC functions. More recent studies have provided important insight into the changes that occur in DCs during antigen-driven contacts with T cells at the immune synapse. In this Review, we discuss our current understanding of the bidirectional T cell-DC crosstalk that occurs at the IS and its relevance for immune responses and immunotherapies.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"258 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":100.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146015330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1038/s41577-026-01272-8
Lucy Bird
A new study shows that inflammation spreads from psoriatic skin to joint disease through the migration of skin myeloid precursors to the joints, where they can become inflammatory macrophages unless they are kept in check by resident regulatory fibroblasts.
{"title":"Spreading inflammation via the skin–joint axis","authors":"Lucy Bird","doi":"10.1038/s41577-026-01272-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-026-01272-8","url":null,"abstract":"A new study shows that inflammation spreads from psoriatic skin to joint disease through the migration of skin myeloid precursors to the joints, where they can become inflammatory macrophages unless they are kept in check by resident regulatory fibroblasts.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"26 2","pages":"85-85"},"PeriodicalIF":60.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146003913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1038/s41577-026-01271-9
Alexandra Flemming
Respiratory viral infections can weaken the immune system and carry a risk of severe bacterial secondary infections. A research article in Science Immunology shows that segmented filamentous bacteria in the gut can enhance the antibacterial function of alveolar macrophages in the lungs and provide protection against secondary infections.
{"title":"Segmented filamentous bacteria in the gut protect against secondary bacterial infections in the lung","authors":"Alexandra Flemming","doi":"10.1038/s41577-026-01271-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-026-01271-9","url":null,"abstract":"Respiratory viral infections can weaken the immune system and carry a risk of severe bacterial secondary infections. A research article in Science Immunology shows that segmented filamentous bacteria in the gut can enhance the antibacterial function of alveolar macrophages in the lungs and provide protection against secondary infections.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"26 2","pages":"86-86"},"PeriodicalIF":60.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145986526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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