Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01054-0
Alexandra Flemming
A study by Nakayama et al. shows that heart failure causes epigenetic changes in haematopoietic stem cells that predispose to further heart disease and comorbidity.
{"title":"Heart failure affects innate immune memory","authors":"Alexandra Flemming","doi":"10.1038/s41577-024-01054-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-024-01054-0","url":null,"abstract":"A study by Nakayama et al. shows that heart failure causes epigenetic changes in haematopoietic stem cells that predispose to further heart disease and comorbidity.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"456-456"},"PeriodicalIF":67.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01056-y
Alexandra Flemming
An adoptive cellular therapy based on γδ T cells, which were engineered to secrete a tumour-targeting opsonin as well as an IL-15 superagonist, controlled tumour growth in a mouse model of patient-derived osteosarcoma.
{"title":"Engineered γδ T cells show promise in bone tumours","authors":"Alexandra Flemming","doi":"10.1038/s41577-024-01056-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-024-01056-y","url":null,"abstract":"An adoptive cellular therapy based on γδ T cells, which were engineered to secrete a tumour-targeting opsonin as well as an IL-15 superagonist, controlled tumour growth in a mouse model of patient-derived osteosarcoma.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"458-458"},"PeriodicalIF":67.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01041-5
Michelle J. Boyle, Christian R. Engwerda, Prasanna Jagannathan
Malaria, caused by infection with Plasmodium parasites, drives multiple regulatory responses across the immune landscape. These regulatory responses help to protect against inflammatory disease but may in some situations hamper the acquisition of adaptive immune responses that clear parasites. In addition, the regulatory responses that occur during Plasmodium infection may negatively affect malaria vaccine efficacy in the most at-risk populations. Here, we discuss the specific cellular mechanisms of immunoregulatory networks that develop during malaria, with a focus on knowledge gained from human studies and studies that involve the main malaria parasite to affect humans, Plasmodium falciparum. Leveraging this knowledge may lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches to increase protective immunity to malaria during infection or after vaccination. Malaria remains a devastating human disease. Although malaria vaccines are available, their limited efficacy and protective duration are problematic. In this Review, the authors discuss how immunoregulatory networks that likely develop to prevent disease during malaria may also impede prevention and control measures.
{"title":"The impact of Plasmodium-driven immunoregulatory networks on immunity to malaria","authors":"Michelle J. Boyle, Christian R. Engwerda, Prasanna Jagannathan","doi":"10.1038/s41577-024-01041-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-024-01041-5","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria, caused by infection with Plasmodium parasites, drives multiple regulatory responses across the immune landscape. These regulatory responses help to protect against inflammatory disease but may in some situations hamper the acquisition of adaptive immune responses that clear parasites. In addition, the regulatory responses that occur during Plasmodium infection may negatively affect malaria vaccine efficacy in the most at-risk populations. Here, we discuss the specific cellular mechanisms of immunoregulatory networks that develop during malaria, with a focus on knowledge gained from human studies and studies that involve the main malaria parasite to affect humans, Plasmodium falciparum. Leveraging this knowledge may lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches to increase protective immunity to malaria during infection or after vaccination. Malaria remains a devastating human disease. Although malaria vaccines are available, their limited efficacy and protective duration are problematic. In this Review, the authors discuss how immunoregulatory networks that likely develop to prevent disease during malaria may also impede prevention and control measures.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"637-653"},"PeriodicalIF":67.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-10DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01055-z
Yvonne Bordon
CAR T cell therapy alleviates type 2 airway inflammation in mouse models of asthma.
CAR T 细胞疗法可减轻小鼠哮喘模型中的 2 型气道炎症。
{"title":"CAR T cells take to the airways","authors":"Yvonne Bordon","doi":"10.1038/s41577-024-01055-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-024-01055-z","url":null,"abstract":"CAR T cell therapy alleviates type 2 airway inflammation in mouse models of asthma.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"457-457"},"PeriodicalIF":67.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141299068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01049-x
Katherine A. Maki, Michael N. Sack, Kevin D. Hall
Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are industrially formulated products that contain synthetic ingredients but minimal whole-food components. Diets high in UPFs are associated with increased risk of immune dysregulation-linked diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and potentially autoimmune disease. Several putative mechanisms have been proposed to explain this association, and these need urgent research attention. This Comment discusses the potential effects of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) on the immune system independently of obesity, by which UPFs might dysregulate the balance between the gut microbiota and immune cells.
{"title":"Ultra-processed foods: increasing the risk of inflammation and immune dysregulation?","authors":"Katherine A. Maki, Michael N. Sack, Kevin D. Hall","doi":"10.1038/s41577-024-01049-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-024-01049-x","url":null,"abstract":"Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are industrially formulated products that contain synthetic ingredients but minimal whole-food components. Diets high in UPFs are associated with increased risk of immune dysregulation-linked diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and potentially autoimmune disease. Several putative mechanisms have been proposed to explain this association, and these need urgent research attention. This Comment discusses the potential effects of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) on the immune system independently of obesity, by which UPFs might dysregulate the balance between the gut microbiota and immune cells.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"453-454"},"PeriodicalIF":67.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141236402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01035-3
James B. Chung, Jennifer N. Brudno, Dominic Borie, James N. Kochenderfer
Infusion of T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that target B cells has proven to be a successful treatment for B cell malignancies. This success inspired the development of CAR T cells to selectively deplete or modulate the aberrant immune responses that underlie autoimmune disease. Promising results are emerging from clinical trials of CAR T cells targeting the B cell protein CD19 in patients with B cell-driven autoimmune diseases. Further approaches are being designed to extend the application and improve safety of CAR T cell therapy in the setting of autoimmunity, including the use of chimeric autoantibody receptors to selectively deplete autoantigen-specific B cells and the use of regulatory T cells engineered to express antigen-specific CARs for targeted immune modulation. Here, we highlight important considerations, such as optimal target cell populations, CAR construct design, acceptable toxicities and potential for lasting immune reset, that will inform the eventual safe adoption of CAR T cell therapy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Recent clinical studies show that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, best known for treating B cell malignancies, can be used to treat patients with various B cell-driven autoimmune diseases. Here, the authors update us with the progress so far and the considerations for further improving and extending their therapeutic application.
事实证明，输注表达嵌合抗原受体（CAR）靶向 B 细胞的 T 细胞能成功治疗 B 细胞恶性肿瘤。这一成功激励着人们开发 CAR T 细胞，以选择性地清除或调节导致自身免疫性疾病的异常免疫反应。以 B 细胞蛋白 CD19 为靶点的 CAR T 细胞在 B 细胞驱动的自身免疫性疾病患者中的临床试验结果令人鼓舞。目前正在设计更多的方法来扩大 CAR T 细胞疗法在自身免疫疾病中的应用并提高其安全性，包括使用嵌合自身抗体受体选择性地清除自身抗原特异性 B 细胞，以及使用表达抗原特异性 CAR 的调节性 T 细胞进行靶向免疫调节。在此，我们强调了一些重要的考虑因素，如最佳靶细胞群、CAR 构建设计、可接受的毒性和持久免疫重置的潜力，这些因素将为最终安全采用 CAR T 细胞疗法治疗自身免疫性疾病提供依据。
{"title":"Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy for autoimmune disease","authors":"James B. Chung, Jennifer N. Brudno, Dominic Borie, James N. Kochenderfer","doi":"10.1038/s41577-024-01035-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-024-01035-3","url":null,"abstract":"Infusion of T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that target B cells has proven to be a successful treatment for B cell malignancies. This success inspired the development of CAR T cells to selectively deplete or modulate the aberrant immune responses that underlie autoimmune disease. Promising results are emerging from clinical trials of CAR T cells targeting the B cell protein CD19 in patients with B cell-driven autoimmune diseases. Further approaches are being designed to extend the application and improve safety of CAR T cell therapy in the setting of autoimmunity, including the use of chimeric autoantibody receptors to selectively deplete autoantigen-specific B cells and the use of regulatory T cells engineered to express antigen-specific CARs for targeted immune modulation. Here, we highlight important considerations, such as optimal target cell populations, CAR construct design, acceptable toxicities and potential for lasting immune reset, that will inform the eventual safe adoption of CAR T cell therapy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Recent clinical studies show that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, best known for treating B cell malignancies, can be used to treat patients with various B cell-driven autoimmune diseases. Here, the authors update us with the progress so far and the considerations for further improving and extending their therapeutic application.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"830-845"},"PeriodicalIF":67.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141236052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01040-6
Nora Lam, YoonSeung Lee, Donna L. Farber
Immune memory — comprising T cells, B cells and plasma cells and their secreted antibodies — is crucial for human survival. It enables the rapid and effective clearance of a pathogen after re-exposure, to minimize damage to the host. When antigen-experienced, memory T cells become activated, they proliferate and produce effector molecules at faster rates and in greater magnitudes than antigen-inexperienced, naive cells. Similarly, memory B cells become activated and differentiate into antibody-secreting cells more rapidly than naive B cells, and they undergo processes that increase their affinity for antigen. The ability of T cells and B cells to form memory cells after antigen exposure is the rationale behind vaccination. Understanding immune memory not only is crucial for the design of more-efficacious vaccines but also has important implications for immunotherapies in infectious disease and cancer. This ‘guide to’ article provides an overview of the current understanding of the phenotype, function, location, and pathways for the generation, maintenance and protective capacity of memory T cells and memory B cells. This Review provides a guide to the memory cells of the adaptive immune system, comprising memory T cells, memory B cells and plasma cells; it covers their formation, function, heterogeneity, localization, regulation and maintenance, and the crucial technological advances that allowed their discovery.
由 T 细胞、B 细胞和浆细胞及其分泌的抗体组成的免疫记忆对人类的生存至关重要。它能在再次接触病原体后迅速有效地清除病原体，最大限度地减少对宿主的伤害。当有抗原经验的记忆 T 细胞被激活时，它们会比没有抗原经验的幼稚细胞以更快的速度和更大的数量增殖并产生效应分子。同样，记忆 B 细胞也会被激活，并比幼稚 B 细胞更快地分化成分泌抗体的细胞，而且它们会经历增加对抗原亲和力的过程。T 细胞和 B 细胞在接触抗原后能够形成记忆细胞，这就是疫苗接种的原理。了解免疫记忆不仅对设计更有效的疫苗至关重要，而且对传染病和癌症的免疫疗法也有重要意义。这篇 "指南 "文章概述了目前对记忆 T 细胞和记忆 B 细胞的表型、功能、位置以及生成、维持和保护能力的途径的理解。
{"title":"A guide to adaptive immune memory","authors":"Nora Lam, YoonSeung Lee, Donna L. Farber","doi":"10.1038/s41577-024-01040-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-024-01040-6","url":null,"abstract":"Immune memory — comprising T cells, B cells and plasma cells and their secreted antibodies — is crucial for human survival. It enables the rapid and effective clearance of a pathogen after re-exposure, to minimize damage to the host. When antigen-experienced, memory T cells become activated, they proliferate and produce effector molecules at faster rates and in greater magnitudes than antigen-inexperienced, naive cells. Similarly, memory B cells become activated and differentiate into antibody-secreting cells more rapidly than naive B cells, and they undergo processes that increase their affinity for antigen. The ability of T cells and B cells to form memory cells after antigen exposure is the rationale behind vaccination. Understanding immune memory not only is crucial for the design of more-efficacious vaccines but also has important implications for immunotherapies in infectious disease and cancer. This ‘guide to’ article provides an overview of the current understanding of the phenotype, function, location, and pathways for the generation, maintenance and protective capacity of memory T cells and memory B cells. This Review provides a guide to the memory cells of the adaptive immune system, comprising memory T cells, memory B cells and plasma cells; it covers their formation, function, heterogeneity, localization, regulation and maintenance, and the crucial technological advances that allowed their discovery.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"810-829"},"PeriodicalIF":67.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141236044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01053-1
Lucy Bird
CD8+ T cells become exhausted when exposed to the mechanical forces of stiff solid tumours, owing to signalling through the transcription factor OSR2.
由于转录因子 OSR2 的信号作用，CD8+T 细胞在受到僵硬实体肿瘤的机械力作用时会变得衰竭。
{"title":"Stiff tumours exhaust T cells","authors":"Lucy Bird","doi":"10.1038/s41577-024-01053-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-024-01053-1","url":null,"abstract":"CD8+ T cells become exhausted when exposed to the mechanical forces of stiff solid tumours, owing to signalling through the transcription factor OSR2.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"456-456"},"PeriodicalIF":67.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141182380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01051-3
Mara De Martino, Jeffrey C. Rathmell, Lorenzo Galluzzi, Claire Vanpouille-Box
{"title":"Author Correction: Cancer cell metabolism and antitumour immunity","authors":"Mara De Martino, Jeffrey C. Rathmell, Lorenzo Galluzzi, Claire Vanpouille-Box","doi":"10.1038/s41577-024-01051-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-024-01051-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"537-537"},"PeriodicalIF":67.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-024-01051-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01050-4
Anthony Altieri, Matthew B. Buechler
A preprint by Ben-Chetrit et al. investigates the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate macrophage heterogeneity in solid breast cancer tumours.
Ben-Chetrit 等人的预印本研究了调控乳腺癌实体瘤中巨噬细胞异质性的分子和细胞机制。
{"title":"Breast cancer-associated fibroblasts maintain self-renewing immunosuppressive macrophages","authors":"Anthony Altieri, Matthew B. Buechler","doi":"10.1038/s41577-024-01050-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-024-01050-4","url":null,"abstract":"A preprint by Ben-Chetrit et al. investigates the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate macrophage heterogeneity in solid breast cancer tumours.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"459-459"},"PeriodicalIF":67.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141093565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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