Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01057-x
Michael H. Lee, Sean-Paul Nuccio, Ipsita Mohanty, Lee R. Hagey, Pieter C. Dorrestein, Hiutung Chu, Manuela Raffatellu
Bile acids are increasingly appearing in the spotlight owing to their novel impacts on various host processes. Similarly, there is growing attention on members of the microbiota that are responsible for bile acid modifications. With recent advances in technology enabling the discovery and continued identification of microbially conjugated bile acids, the chemical complexity of the bile acid landscape in the body is increasing at a rapid pace. In this Review, we summarize our current understanding of how bile acids and the gut microbiota interact to modulate immune responses during homeostasis and disease, with a particular focus on the gut. Here, Raffatellu and co-workers discuss our growing understanding of how primary bile acids (which are cholesterol-derived molecules synthesized in the liver) and secondary bile acids (which are primary bile acids that have been microbially modified) shape immune responses in health and disease, with a particular focus on bile acids and intestinal immunity.
{"title":"How bile acids and the microbiota interact to shape host immunity","authors":"Michael H. Lee, Sean-Paul Nuccio, Ipsita Mohanty, Lee R. Hagey, Pieter C. Dorrestein, Hiutung Chu, Manuela Raffatellu","doi":"10.1038/s41577-024-01057-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-024-01057-x","url":null,"abstract":"Bile acids are increasingly appearing in the spotlight owing to their novel impacts on various host processes. Similarly, there is growing attention on members of the microbiota that are responsible for bile acid modifications. With recent advances in technology enabling the discovery and continued identification of microbially conjugated bile acids, the chemical complexity of the bile acid landscape in the body is increasing at a rapid pace. In this Review, we summarize our current understanding of how bile acids and the gut microbiota interact to modulate immune responses during homeostasis and disease, with a particular focus on the gut. Here, Raffatellu and co-workers discuss our growing understanding of how primary bile acids (which are cholesterol-derived molecules synthesized in the liver) and secondary bile acids (which are primary bile acids that have been microbially modified) shape immune responses in health and disease, with a particular focus on bile acids and intestinal immunity.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":67.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141618200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01065-x
Lucy Bird
Age-associated defects in dendritic cells can be corrected by hyperactivating adjuvants containing an oxidized phospholipid to induce effective antitumour responses in mice.
{"title":"Elixir for DCs","authors":"Lucy Bird","doi":"10.1038/s41577-024-01065-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-024-01065-x","url":null,"abstract":"Age-associated defects in dendritic cells can be corrected by hyperactivating adjuvants containing an oxidized phospholipid to induce effective antitumour responses in mice.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":67.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141597353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01066-w
Nicolas Vabret, Jaime Mateus-Tique, Hélène Salmon, Jérôme C. Martin, Véronique Mateo, Sandra Serrano, François Lemoine, Roger Chammas, Miriam Merad
Online technologies for immunology education can facilitate global outreach, incorporate local expertise, promote inclusivity and mitigate environmental costs of international travel. The experience gained from ten years of Immunoschool demonstrates how an engaging format with active participation is crucial to achieving these goals. In this Comment article, organizers of the International School of Immunotherapy (Immunoschool) reflect on the experience gained from the past ten years in using online technologies for global and inclusive immunology education.
{"title":"Online immunology education for a global world","authors":"Nicolas Vabret, Jaime Mateus-Tique, Hélène Salmon, Jérôme C. Martin, Véronique Mateo, Sandra Serrano, François Lemoine, Roger Chammas, Miriam Merad","doi":"10.1038/s41577-024-01066-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-024-01066-w","url":null,"abstract":"Online technologies for immunology education can facilitate global outreach, incorporate local expertise, promote inclusivity and mitigate environmental costs of international travel. The experience gained from ten years of Immunoschool demonstrates how an engaging format with active participation is crucial to achieving these goals. In this Comment article, organizers of the International School of Immunotherapy (Immunoschool) reflect on the experience gained from the past ten years in using online technologies for global and inclusive immunology education.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":67.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141597355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding NK cell heterogeneity","authors":"Alexandra Flemming","doi":"10.1038/s41577-024-01068-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-024-01068-8","url":null,"abstract":"Two papers in Nature Immunology provide a comprehensive atlas of human natural killer cells in health and in different types of cancer.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":67.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141597354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01048-y
Isabelle C. Arnold, Ariel Munitz
Eosinophils are bone marrow-derived granulocytes that are traditionally associated with type 2 immune responses, such as those that occur during parasite infections and allergy. Emerging evidence demonstrates the remarkable functional plasticity of this elusive cell type and its pleiotropic functions in diverse settings. Eosinophils broadly contribute to tissue homeostasis, host defence and immune regulation, predominantly at mucosal sites. The scope of their activities primarily reflects the breadth of their portfolio of secreted mediators, which range from cytotoxic cationic proteins and reactive oxygen species to multiple cytokines, chemokines and lipid mediators. Here, we comprehensively review basic eosinophil biology that is directly related to their activities in homeostasis, protective immunity, regeneration and cancer. We examine how dysregulation of these functions contributes to the physiopathology of a broad range of inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, we discuss recent findings regarding the tissue compartmentalization and adaptation of eosinophils, shedding light on the factors that likely drive their functional diversification within tissues. This Review by Arnold and Munitz discusses the diverse roles of eosinophils in the settings of tissue homeostasis, infection, allergy and cancer. The authors explain the molecular mechanisms that enable eosinophils to adapt to diverse tissue types and conditions, and they consider the therapeutic potential of eosinophil-depleting drugs in the clinic.
{"title":"Spatial adaptation of eosinophils and their emerging roles in homeostasis, infection and disease","authors":"Isabelle C. Arnold, Ariel Munitz","doi":"10.1038/s41577-024-01048-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-024-01048-y","url":null,"abstract":"Eosinophils are bone marrow-derived granulocytes that are traditionally associated with type 2 immune responses, such as those that occur during parasite infections and allergy. Emerging evidence demonstrates the remarkable functional plasticity of this elusive cell type and its pleiotropic functions in diverse settings. Eosinophils broadly contribute to tissue homeostasis, host defence and immune regulation, predominantly at mucosal sites. The scope of their activities primarily reflects the breadth of their portfolio of secreted mediators, which range from cytotoxic cationic proteins and reactive oxygen species to multiple cytokines, chemokines and lipid mediators. Here, we comprehensively review basic eosinophil biology that is directly related to their activities in homeostasis, protective immunity, regeneration and cancer. We examine how dysregulation of these functions contributes to the physiopathology of a broad range of inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, we discuss recent findings regarding the tissue compartmentalization and adaptation of eosinophils, shedding light on the factors that likely drive their functional diversification within tissues. This Review by Arnold and Munitz discusses the diverse roles of eosinophils in the settings of tissue homeostasis, infection, allergy and cancer. The authors explain the molecular mechanisms that enable eosinophils to adapt to diverse tissue types and conditions, and they consider the therapeutic potential of eosinophil-depleting drugs in the clinic.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":67.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141561317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01062-0
Leila Akkari, Ido Amit, Vincenzo Bronte, Zvi G. Fridlender, Dmitry I. Gabrilovich, Florent Ginhoux, Catherine C. Hedrick, Suzanne Ostrand-Rosenberg
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are cells of neutrophil and monocyte lineages with potent immunosuppressive activity. Numerous studies in mice and humans have identified important roles for MDSCs in suppressing the antitumour response and determining the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. However, there is still much controversy regarding their identity, ontogeny and functions that must be resolved to fulfill their therapeutic potential. In this Viewpoint, Nature Reviews Immunology invites eight experts in the field to share their thoughts on the key questions and challenges in MDSC research. In this Viewpoint, Nature Reviews Immunology invites eight experts in the field to share their thoughts on the key questions and challenges in MDSC research.
{"title":"Defining myeloid-derived suppressor cells","authors":"Leila Akkari, Ido Amit, Vincenzo Bronte, Zvi G. Fridlender, Dmitry I. Gabrilovich, Florent Ginhoux, Catherine C. Hedrick, Suzanne Ostrand-Rosenberg","doi":"10.1038/s41577-024-01062-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-024-01062-0","url":null,"abstract":"Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are cells of neutrophil and monocyte lineages with potent immunosuppressive activity. Numerous studies in mice and humans have identified important roles for MDSCs in suppressing the antitumour response and determining the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. However, there is still much controversy regarding their identity, ontogeny and functions that must be resolved to fulfill their therapeutic potential. In this Viewpoint, Nature Reviews Immunology invites eight experts in the field to share their thoughts on the key questions and challenges in MDSC research. In this Viewpoint, Nature Reviews Immunology invites eight experts in the field to share their thoughts on the key questions and challenges in MDSC research.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":67.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141538244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rethinking pDCs: a questionable ally in immunity?","authors":"Ester Gea-Mallorquí, Sarah Rowland-Jones","doi":"10.1038/s41577-024-01058-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-024-01058-w","url":null,"abstract":"A preprint by Ngo et al. reports a new mouse model for the constitutive depletion of pDCs, showing that pDCs are dispensable for antiviral immunity.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":67.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141534789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01063-z
Kirsty Minton
Ahmed et al. report that IL-23-dependent CTLA4 expression by ILC3s restrains T cell-mediated inflammation in the intestine.
Ahmed 等人报告说，ILC3s 依赖 IL-23 的 CTLA4 表达可抑制 T 细胞介导的肠道炎症。
{"title":"An ILC3-intrinsic, CTLA4-dependent intestinal checkpoint","authors":"Kirsty Minton","doi":"10.1038/s41577-024-01063-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-024-01063-z","url":null,"abstract":"Ahmed et al. report that IL-23-dependent CTLA4 expression by ILC3s restrains T cell-mediated inflammation in the intestine.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":67.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141534787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01059-9
Boyan K. Tsankov, Dana J. Philpott
A preprint by Stevens et al. establishes a novel mechanism by which the gut micobiota provides protection against neonatal respiratory tract infection.
{"title":"Microbiota licenses protective CD8+ T cell responses against neonatal influenza","authors":"Boyan K. Tsankov, Dana J. Philpott","doi":"10.1038/s41577-024-01059-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-024-01059-9","url":null,"abstract":"A preprint by Stevens et al. establishes a novel mechanism by which the gut micobiota provides protection against neonatal respiratory tract infection.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":67.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141534788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01060-2
Louis Ngai, Arthur Mortha
A preprint by Kaltenbach et al. shows a role for cytoskeletal control mechanisms in contributing to the tissue maintenance of mast cells.
Kaltenbach 等人的预印本显示了细胞骨架控制机制在促进肥大细胞的组织维护方面所起的作用。
{"title":"Actin branching maintains tissue-resident mast cells","authors":"Louis Ngai, Arthur Mortha","doi":"10.1038/s41577-024-01060-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-024-01060-2","url":null,"abstract":"A preprint by Kaltenbach et al. shows a role for cytoskeletal control mechanisms in contributing to the tissue maintenance of mast cells.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":67.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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