Pub Date : 2025-07-17DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01213-x
Siu Ling Tai, Arthur Mortha
A preprint by Wu et al. identifies BRD4 as a sensor of pH, with notable implications for the regulation of inflammatory genes.
Wu等人的预印本将BRD4鉴定为pH传感器，对炎症基因的调节具有重要意义。
{"title":"BRD4 acts as a pH sensor to tune inflammation","authors":"Siu Ling Tai, Arthur Mortha","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01213-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-025-01213-x","url":null,"abstract":"A preprint by Wu et al. identifies BRD4 as a sensor of pH, with notable implications for the regulation of inflammatory genes.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"25 9","pages":"635-635"},"PeriodicalIF":60.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144652570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-10DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01199-6
Alexander Leunig, Matteo Gianeselli, Scott J. Russo, Filip K. Swirski
Connections between the nervous and immune systems are increasingly recognized as central to brain–body physiology. In this Review, we examine how these systems collaborate to detect and respond to both internal and external stimuli — such as psychological stress, circadian cues, infection, and tissue injury. Rather than operating in isolation, the nervous and immune systems form an integrated network that is more than the sum of its parts. They share a common architecture and vocabulary, enabling bidirectional connection and communication that modulate immune cell characteristics throughout the body. We review immune–nervous interactions within two complementary frameworks: first, a spatial framework that distinguishes communication in the brain, communication within peripheral organs, and communication across distance; and second, a temporal framework that maps nervous system influence across the operational lifespan of the immune system — specifically focusing on how the nervous system impacts immune cell development, distribution, and execution of functions. Finally, we highlight key tools, clinical applications, and questions for future research on how both systems coordinate to respond to somatic and environmental stressors. Here, Swirski and colleagues explore how the nervous and immune systems connect and collaborate to respond to internal and external stimuli. In particular, they consider how the exchange of information between both systems is vital for host physiology, in the context of both health and disease.
{"title":"Connection and communication between the nervous and immune systems","authors":"Alexander Leunig, Matteo Gianeselli, Scott J. Russo, Filip K. Swirski","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01199-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-025-01199-6","url":null,"abstract":"Connections between the nervous and immune systems are increasingly recognized as central to brain–body physiology. In this Review, we examine how these systems collaborate to detect and respond to both internal and external stimuli — such as psychological stress, circadian cues, infection, and tissue injury. Rather than operating in isolation, the nervous and immune systems form an integrated network that is more than the sum of its parts. They share a common architecture and vocabulary, enabling bidirectional connection and communication that modulate immune cell characteristics throughout the body. We review immune–nervous interactions within two complementary frameworks: first, a spatial framework that distinguishes communication in the brain, communication within peripheral organs, and communication across distance; and second, a temporal framework that maps nervous system influence across the operational lifespan of the immune system — specifically focusing on how the nervous system impacts immune cell development, distribution, and execution of functions. Finally, we highlight key tools, clinical applications, and questions for future research on how both systems coordinate to respond to somatic and environmental stressors. Here, Swirski and colleagues explore how the nervous and immune systems connect and collaborate to respond to internal and external stimuli. In particular, they consider how the exchange of information between both systems is vital for host physiology, in the context of both health and disease.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"25 12","pages":"912-933"},"PeriodicalIF":60.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144594069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-07DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01209-7
Lucy Bird
The antitumoural effects of BCG can be vastly improved by combining it with β-glucan. The combination therapy enhances granulopoiesis and trains neutrophils to resist conversion into a protumoural phenotype in a mouse model of bladder cancer.
{"title":"BCG plus β-glucan trains neutrophils to beat bladder cancer","authors":"Lucy Bird","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01209-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-025-01209-7","url":null,"abstract":"The antitumoural effects of BCG can be vastly improved by combining it with β-glucan. The combination therapy enhances granulopoiesis and trains neutrophils to resist conversion into a protumoural phenotype in a mouse model of bladder cancer.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"25 8","pages":"556-556"},"PeriodicalIF":60.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-07DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01210-0
Amitava Sinha, Thomas Weichhart
A preprint by McCaffrey and Delmastro et al. delineates distinct immunometabolic zones of tuberculosis granulomas and reports that hypoxia is a key driver of immune subversion.
{"title":"Spatial immunometabolic zonation in tuberculosis granulomas","authors":"Amitava Sinha, Thomas Weichhart","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01210-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-025-01210-0","url":null,"abstract":"A preprint by McCaffrey and Delmastro et al. delineates distinct immunometabolic zones of tuberculosis granulomas and reports that hypoxia is a key driver of immune subversion.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"25 9","pages":"635-635"},"PeriodicalIF":60.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01204-y
Mehdi Chaib, James P. Allison
A preprint by Han et al. reports that tumour cells acquire iron in the bone marrow through phenotypic mimicry of erythroblasts, which promotes metastasis and leads to systemic anaemia.
{"title":"Tumour cells mimic erythroblasts to hijack iron from bone marrow macrophages","authors":"Mehdi Chaib, James P. Allison","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01204-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-025-01204-y","url":null,"abstract":"A preprint by Han et al. reports that tumour cells acquire iron in the bone marrow through phenotypic mimicry of erythroblasts, which promotes metastasis and leads to systemic anaemia.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"25 8","pages":"557-557"},"PeriodicalIF":60.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144520860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-30DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01205-x
Yvonne Bordon
Maternal obesity during pregnancy promotes a form of fatty liver disease in offspring that is dependent on HIF1α-mediated rewiring of Kupffer cell metabolism.
{"title":"Fatty liver disease induced by maternal obesity is driven by metabolic rewiring of Kupffer cells","authors":"Yvonne Bordon","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01205-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-025-01205-x","url":null,"abstract":"Maternal obesity during pregnancy promotes a form of fatty liver disease in offspring that is dependent on HIF1α-mediated rewiring of Kupffer cell metabolism.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"25 8","pages":"556-556"},"PeriodicalIF":60.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-27DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01187-w
Evripidis Lanitis, Melita Irving, George Coukos
The formation of new blood vessels — known as angiogenesis — is essential for the growth and spread of solid tumours. It is promoted by the hypoxic conditions that develop in growing tumours and drive the expression of pro-angiogenic growth factors by tumour cells and various stromal cells. However, the tumour-associated vasculature (TAV) generated by angiogenesis is abnormal and is a key barrier to T cell entry into tumours. Moreover, the TAV creates a hostile microenvironment owing to an accumulation of suppressive immune cells, hypoxic and acidic conditions, and high interstitial pressure, which all limit the function and survival of effector T cells. Here, we present the mechanisms of T cell migration into tumours, including via high endothelial venules, and the importance of tertiary lymphoid structures, which function as privileged sites for antigen presentation, activation and co-stimulation of T cells, for mounting effective antitumour immunity. We describe how the tumour vasculature limits antitumour T cell responses and how T cell responses could be improved by therapeutic targeting of the TAV. In particular, the use of combination therapies that aim to normalize tumour blood vessels, favourably reprogramme endogenous immunity, and support T cell trafficking, function and persistence will be key to improving clinical responses. The vasculature that forms in tumours and supports tumour growth is abnormal and limits T cell entry into tumours. Here, the authors review how the tumour vasculature acts as a barrier to effective antitumour immunity and the therapeutic strategies to overcome this.
{"title":"Tumour-associated vasculature in T cell homing and immunity: opportunities for cancer therapy","authors":"Evripidis Lanitis, Melita Irving, George Coukos","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01187-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-025-01187-w","url":null,"abstract":"The formation of new blood vessels — known as angiogenesis — is essential for the growth and spread of solid tumours. It is promoted by the hypoxic conditions that develop in growing tumours and drive the expression of pro-angiogenic growth factors by tumour cells and various stromal cells. However, the tumour-associated vasculature (TAV) generated by angiogenesis is abnormal and is a key barrier to T cell entry into tumours. Moreover, the TAV creates a hostile microenvironment owing to an accumulation of suppressive immune cells, hypoxic and acidic conditions, and high interstitial pressure, which all limit the function and survival of effector T cells. Here, we present the mechanisms of T cell migration into tumours, including via high endothelial venules, and the importance of tertiary lymphoid structures, which function as privileged sites for antigen presentation, activation and co-stimulation of T cells, for mounting effective antitumour immunity. We describe how the tumour vasculature limits antitumour T cell responses and how T cell responses could be improved by therapeutic targeting of the TAV. In particular, the use of combination therapies that aim to normalize tumour blood vessels, favourably reprogramme endogenous immunity, and support T cell trafficking, function and persistence will be key to improving clinical responses. The vasculature that forms in tumours and supports tumour growth is abnormal and limits T cell entry into tumours. Here, the authors review how the tumour vasculature acts as a barrier to effective antitumour immunity and the therapeutic strategies to overcome this.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"25 11","pages":"831-846"},"PeriodicalIF":60.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144500540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-26DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01185-y
Nicholas W. Lukacs, Simon P. Hogan
Food allergy is an acute IgE-mediated reaction that occurs in response to food components and affects 1–10% of the global population. It is often thought to be a disease of the gastrointestinal tract, in which oral exposure to a food allergen induces an IgE-sensitizing response that primes the host immune system to react to the eliciting allergen following subsequent oral exposure. However, emerging evidence from clinical and basic research studies suggests that maladaptive immune responses in the skin also contribute to the development of food allergy. These responses can promote the development of food-specific IgE and reshape the gut immune microenvironment in a manner that predisposes to IgE-mediated activation of mast cells and clinical manifestations of allergic disease following subsequent food exposures. In this Review, we discuss how different routes of exposure to food antigens can contribute to allergic sensitization and describe how mast cells ultimately drive the allergic reaction to these food allergens. In this Review the authors explain how different routes of exposure to food antigens can contribute to the development of food allergies. They discuss how allergic sensitization occurs against food antigens and focus on how IgE and mast cells ultimately drive the allergic pathology.
{"title":"Food allergy: begin at the skin, end at the mast cell?","authors":"Nicholas W. Lukacs, Simon P. Hogan","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01185-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-025-01185-y","url":null,"abstract":"Food allergy is an acute IgE-mediated reaction that occurs in response to food components and affects 1–10% of the global population. It is often thought to be a disease of the gastrointestinal tract, in which oral exposure to a food allergen induces an IgE-sensitizing response that primes the host immune system to react to the eliciting allergen following subsequent oral exposure. However, emerging evidence from clinical and basic research studies suggests that maladaptive immune responses in the skin also contribute to the development of food allergy. These responses can promote the development of food-specific IgE and reshape the gut immune microenvironment in a manner that predisposes to IgE-mediated activation of mast cells and clinical manifestations of allergic disease following subsequent food exposures. In this Review, we discuss how different routes of exposure to food antigens can contribute to allergic sensitization and describe how mast cells ultimately drive the allergic reaction to these food allergens. In this Review the authors explain how different routes of exposure to food antigens can contribute to the development of food allergies. They discuss how allergic sensitization occurs against food antigens and focus on how IgE and mast cells ultimately drive the allergic pathology.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"25 11","pages":"783-797"},"PeriodicalIF":60.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144500542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-25DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01202-0
Boyan K. Tsankov, Dana J. Philpott
A preprint by Srivastava et al. reports that C19S modification of insulin, which occurs in response to a stressed microenvironment, promotes pro-inflammatory T cell activation and memory responses.
{"title":"Insulin neoantigen elicits memory T cell activation in diabetes","authors":"Boyan K. Tsankov, Dana J. Philpott","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01202-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-025-01202-0","url":null,"abstract":"A preprint by Srivastava et al. reports that C19S modification of insulin, which occurs in response to a stressed microenvironment, promotes pro-inflammatory T cell activation and memory responses.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"25 8","pages":"557-557"},"PeriodicalIF":60.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-24DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01201-1
Kirsty Minton
White et al. show that microbiota-specific T cells are licensed by gut inflammation to infiltrate the central nervous system, where cross-reactivity with self-antigens leads to neuropathology.
{"title":"Gut microbiota-specific T cells induce neuroinflammation through molecular mimicry","authors":"Kirsty Minton","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01201-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-025-01201-1","url":null,"abstract":"White et al. show that microbiota-specific T cells are licensed by gut inflammation to infiltrate the central nervous system, where cross-reactivity with self-antigens leads to neuropathology.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"25 8","pages":"555-555"},"PeriodicalIF":60.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144370466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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