Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2025.102863
Sergio Dávila , Alberto Martín-Asensio, Elena Sanz-de Diego, Jaime J. Hernández , Isabel Rodríguez
The pathways through which nanomedicines extravasate from the bloodstream into solid tumors remain a subject of active investigation. To elucidate this process, we examine the predominant transport mechanisms in vitro using a tumor-vessel-on-chip (TVoC) microfluidic model device. The device comprises a micro-vessel lined with human umbilical vein endothelial cells, positioned adjacent to a compartment containing a collagen-based extracellular matrix. The two compartments are separated by a row of micropillars, where an endothelial barrier naturally forms at the interface within the gaps. Here, transport of different nanoparticles is analyzed under simulated vascular flow conditions. Strengthening endothelial cell junctions to modulate barrier properties led to a nearly 50 % reduction in the permeability coefficient. Furthermore, disruption of intracellular pathways resulted in minimal nanoparticle permeability, which is consistent with the interpretation that the tested nanoparticles predominantly extravasate via the interendothelial route.
{"title":"Investigation of nanoparticle extravasation pathways in tumor vessel-on-a-chip devices","authors":"Sergio Dávila , Alberto Martín-Asensio, Elena Sanz-de Diego, Jaime J. Hernández , Isabel Rodríguez","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pathways through which nanomedicines extravasate from the bloodstream into solid tumors remain a subject of active investigation. To elucidate this process, we examine the predominant transport mechanisms in vitro using a tumor-vessel-on-chip (TVoC) microfluidic model device. The device comprises a micro-vessel lined with human umbilical vein endothelial cells, positioned adjacent to a compartment containing a collagen-based extracellular matrix. The two compartments are separated by a row of micropillars, where an endothelial barrier naturally forms at the interface within the gaps. Here, transport of different nanoparticles is analyzed under simulated vascular flow conditions. Strengthening endothelial cell junctions to modulate barrier properties led to a nearly 50 % reduction in the permeability coefficient. Furthermore, disruption of intracellular pathways resulted in minimal nanoparticle permeability, which is consistent with the interpretation that the tested nanoparticles predominantly extravasate via the interendothelial route.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102863"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-08-29DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2025.102854
Adeeb Shehzad , Júlia Alves , Mazhar Ul-Islam , Abdullah Khamis Al Saidi , Sofia O.D. Duarte , Mohammad Sherjeel Javed Khan , Pedro Fonte
Nanomedicine is a multidisciplinary field, offering significant promises for cancer detection and therapy. Nanoparticles (NPs), nanoprobes and nanobiosensors can be tailored to achieve highly sensitive tumor detection by contrast imaging techniques. The application of directed drug delivery for cancer therapies can be achieved via the formulation and tailoring of drug-loaded nanocarriers. NPs have been employed as carrier to transport drugs or biological molecules to tumor tissues via active or passive mechanisms, consequently improving treatment outcomes and minimize harmful effects. However, nanomedicine translation has been hindered by augmented permeability and retention and ICI of the TME, limiting improvement and potential outcomes of patients. TME, consisting of cancerous cells, CAFs or TAFs, specific immune cells, and the stroma, performs a crucial part in contributing to cancer resistance to nanotherapy. This review summarizes nanotechnology application in the identification and treatment of cancers by exploring pathophysiological features, mechanisms and limitation of nanomedicine in cancer.
{"title":"Nanomedicine in oncology: Diagnostic breakthroughs and therapeutic Frontiers","authors":"Adeeb Shehzad , Júlia Alves , Mazhar Ul-Islam , Abdullah Khamis Al Saidi , Sofia O.D. Duarte , Mohammad Sherjeel Javed Khan , Pedro Fonte","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanomedicine is a multidisciplinary field, offering significant promises for cancer detection and therapy. Nanoparticles (NPs), nanoprobes and nanobiosensors can be tailored to achieve highly sensitive tumor detection by contrast imaging techniques. The application of directed drug delivery for cancer therapies can be achieved via the formulation and tailoring of drug-loaded nanocarriers. NPs have been employed as carrier to transport drugs or biological molecules to tumor tissues via active or passive mechanisms, consequently improving treatment outcomes and minimize harmful effects. However, nanomedicine translation has been hindered by augmented permeability and retention and ICI of the TME, limiting improvement and potential outcomes of patients. TME, consisting of cancerous cells, CAFs or TAFs, specific immune cells, and the stroma, performs a crucial part in contributing to cancer resistance to nanotherapy. This review summarizes nanotechnology application in the identification and treatment of cancers by exploring pathophysiological features, mechanisms and limitation of nanomedicine in cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102854"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Depression is a severe psychiatric syndrome, characterized by its high prevalence and substantial socioeconomic impact. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) has been correlated with both the pathogenesis and treatment of major depression. There is a lack of sensitive methods for detecting 5-HT levels in the brain to characterize depression onset and severity. Tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) show promises as 5-HT sensors due to their ability to confer diverse target specificity and permeate the blood-brain barrier. In this study, we constructed a nanoscale complex, 5-HT-TDNs, by combining TDNs with a specific 5-HT aptamer and 6-Carboxyfluorescein. The 5-HT-TDNs targeted decreased 5-HT in the brains of mice subjected to chronic restraint stress-induced depression. Following fluoxetine administration to these mice, we observed a significant increase of 5-HT in brain tissue using 5-HT-TDNs. This work illustrates the potential for sensitively and stably indicating neurotransmitters such as 5-HT in individuals with depression.
{"title":"Sensing 5-HT by specific aptamer modified nanostructures in chronic restraint stress-induced depression mice","authors":"Qian Chen , Jing Wei , Lanlan Ma , Jiameng Fang , Jiemin Zhao , Qian Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Depression is a severe psychiatric syndrome, characterized by its high prevalence and substantial socioeconomic impact. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) has been correlated with both the pathogenesis and treatment of major depression. There is a lack of sensitive methods for detecting 5-HT levels in the brain to characterize depression onset and severity. Tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) show promises as 5-HT sensors due to their ability to confer diverse target specificity and permeate the blood-brain barrier. In this study, we constructed a nanoscale complex, 5-HT-TDNs, by combining TDNs with a specific 5-HT aptamer and 6-Carboxyfluorescein. The 5-HT-TDNs targeted decreased 5-HT in the brains of mice subjected to chronic restraint stress-induced depression. Following fluoxetine administration to these mice, we observed a significant increase of 5-HT in brain tissue using 5-HT-TDNs. This work illustrates the potential for sensitively and stably indicating neurotransmitters such as 5-HT in individuals with depression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102857"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2025.102856
Yingying Wang , Hong Shu , Gang Cheng , Xiao chun Zhou , Hongwei Gao , Zizhao Qi , Xuezhen Ma , Wenkai Zhang , Jianqin Wang
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a prominent microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), was addressed through a novel nanotherapeutic approach. This study engineered folic acid-conjugated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (FA-PLGA NPs) for the folate receptor (FR)-targeted delivery of Toll-like receptor 4 small interfering RNA (TLR4 siRNA) to treat diabetic nephropathy (DN). In a streptozotocin-induced DN murine model, administration of FA-PLGA NPs/TLR4 siRNA significantly mitigated renal injury compared to untreated DN controls. This was evidenced by reduced mesangial matrix expansion, downregulation of TLR4/CD86/FLOR2 expression, decreased urinary protein excretion, and lowered circulating IL-6 and TNF-α levels. Importantly, renal function parameters, including urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and albumin) were restored to near-normal levels. These results demonstrate that FRβ-targeted TLR4 siRNA delivery via FA-PLGA NPs effectively reduces inflammation and renal damage, establishing a promising novel therapeutic strategy for DN.
{"title":"A novel treatment for diabetic nephropathy: Folate receptor-targeted delivery of TLR4 siRNA via functionalized PLGA nanoparticles in streptozotocin-induced diabetic murine models","authors":"Yingying Wang , Hong Shu , Gang Cheng , Xiao chun Zhou , Hongwei Gao , Zizhao Qi , Xuezhen Ma , Wenkai Zhang , Jianqin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a prominent microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), was addressed through a novel nanotherapeutic approach. This study engineered folic acid-conjugated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (FA-PLGA NPs) for the folate receptor (FR)-targeted delivery of Toll-like receptor 4 small interfering RNA (TLR4 siRNA) to treat diabetic nephropathy (DN). In a streptozotocin-induced DN murine model, administration of FA-PLGA NPs/TLR4 siRNA significantly mitigated renal injury compared to untreated DN controls. This was evidenced by reduced mesangial matrix expansion, downregulation of TLR4/CD86/FLOR2 expression, decreased urinary protein excretion, and lowered circulating IL-6 and TNF-α levels. Importantly, renal function parameters, including urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and albumin) were restored to near-normal levels. These results demonstrate that FRβ-targeted TLR4 siRNA delivery via FA-PLGA NPs effectively reduces inflammation and renal damage, establishing a promising novel therapeutic strategy for DN.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102856"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145015893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gastrointestinal cancers are among the most common and deadly malignancies, with millions of fatalities annually. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade is integral to the advancement, survival, and therapeutic resistance associated with gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. Despite advancements in chemotherapy, challenges like drug resistance and side effects highlight the need for innovative treatments. Nanotechnology offers a promising solution by improving the precision and efficacy of therapies targeting this pathway while minimizing adverse effects. This review discusses the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway's role in gastrointestinal cancers and explores nanoparticle-based therapeutic approaches. Nanoparticles are classified into metal-based (e.g., selenium, gold, silver, iron oxide, and zinc oxide nanoparticles), lipid-based (e.g., liposomes, micelles, and solid lipid nanoparticles), and polymeric nanoparticles (e.g., dendrimers, nanospheres). Recent research on these approaches and ultra-small nanoparticles and superparticles is discussed along with their importance. This review also addresses the challenges, limitations, and prospects of the field.
{"title":"Targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway with nanotechnology: A novel therapeutic strategy for gastrointestinal cancers","authors":"Maryam Kaviani , Vahid Tayebi-Khorrami , Yegane Marami , Seyed Mahdi Hassanian","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gastrointestinal cancers are among the most common and deadly malignancies, with millions of fatalities annually. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade is integral to the advancement, survival, and therapeutic resistance associated with gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. Despite advancements in chemotherapy, challenges like drug resistance and side effects highlight the need for innovative treatments. Nanotechnology offers a promising solution by improving the precision and efficacy of therapies targeting this pathway while minimizing adverse effects. This review discusses the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway's role in gastrointestinal cancers and explores nanoparticle-based therapeutic approaches. Nanoparticles are classified into metal-based (<em>e.g.</em>, selenium, gold, silver, iron oxide, and zinc oxide nanoparticles), lipid-based (<em>e.g.</em>, liposomes, micelles, and solid lipid nanoparticles), and polymeric nanoparticles (<em>e.g.</em>, dendrimers, nanospheres). Recent research on these approaches and ultra-small nanoparticles and superparticles is discussed along with their importance. This review also addresses the challenges, limitations, and prospects of the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102861"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-08-19DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2025.102851
Jijiao Wu , Xing Liu , Lin Wen , Chuipeng Liang , Zihao Sun , Xiaolian Liu , Shiyu Wang , Xiaofang Li
Liver fibrosis, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), is a key pathological process in chronic liver disease. Persistent oxidative stress (OS), primarily caused by high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), can directly activate hepatic stellate cells, induce hepatocyte apoptosis and trigger inflammatory responses. We modified the surface of silymarin (SIL)-carrying liposomes with catalase (CAT) to treat liver fibrosis. CAT is an endogenous antioxidant enzyme that is primarily responsible for removing hydrogen peroxide generated by oxidative stress. SIL is a traditional liver-protective dietary supplement. In vitro experiments showed that CAT-LP exhibited low cytotoxicity towards normal hepatocytes (L-02 cells) and could be effectively taken up by hepatic stellate cells (JS1 cells), inducing apoptosis. Additionally, CAT-LP effectively alleviated TGF-β-induced oxidative stress by scavenging ROS, demonstrating more complete release in an H₂O₂-enriched environment. In vivo experiments revealed that CAT-LP treatment significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and transaminase (ALT and AST) levels, increased superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) content and reduced the secretion and deposition of type III procollagen. In summary, combining CAT and SIL effectively improved liver fibrosis in mice by inhibiting ROS-mediated effects and through the synergistic action of hepatoprotective drugs.
{"title":"Peroxidase modification-driven silymarin liposomes for the treatment of liver fibrosis","authors":"Jijiao Wu , Xing Liu , Lin Wen , Chuipeng Liang , Zihao Sun , Xiaolian Liu , Shiyu Wang , Xiaofang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liver fibrosis, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), is a key pathological process in chronic liver disease. Persistent oxidative stress (OS), primarily caused by high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), can directly activate hepatic stellate cells, induce hepatocyte apoptosis and trigger inflammatory responses. We modified the surface of silymarin (SIL)-carrying liposomes with catalase (CAT) to treat liver fibrosis. CAT is an endogenous antioxidant enzyme that is primarily responsible for removing hydrogen peroxide generated by oxidative stress. SIL is a traditional liver-protective dietary supplement. In vitro experiments showed that CAT-LP exhibited low cytotoxicity towards normal hepatocytes (L-02 cells) and could be effectively taken up by hepatic stellate cells (JS1 cells), inducing apoptosis. Additionally, CAT-LP effectively alleviated TGF-β-induced oxidative stress by scavenging ROS, demonstrating more complete release in an H₂O₂-enriched environment. In vivo experiments revealed that CAT-LP treatment significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and transaminase (ALT and AST) levels, increased superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) content and reduced the secretion and deposition of type III procollagen. In summary, combining CAT and SIL effectively improved liver fibrosis in mice by inhibiting ROS-mediated effects and through the synergistic action of hepatoprotective drugs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102851"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-08-09DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2025.102849
Lanxing Wang PhD , Zeming Yu MD , Yanwen Zhang PhD , Zhuangzhuang Yang PhD , Jie Zhao MD , Deling Kong PhD , Yuebing Wang PhD
Islet organoids hold significant promise as a renewable source of insulin-producing cells for diabetes therapy; however, an efficient system for real-time tracking and dynamic capture of the developmental processes of islet organoids remains underdeveloped. Here, we report the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) stably expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and luciferase (Luc) via rational plasmid construction and lentiviral transduction. Using fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging, we systematically monitored the differentiation of these EGFP/Luc-iPSCs into islet organoids, demonstrating that the reporter iPSCs maintained pluripotency, stable fluorescent/bioluminescent signals, and uncompromised differentiation potential across multiple passages. The formed islet organoids consistently exhibited robust imaging signals, enabling noninvasive visualization of their spatiotemporal developmental dynamics. Our study established an innovative imaging platform that facilitates real-time, noninvasive monitoring of islet organoid morphogenesis, provides mechanistic insights into organoid differentiation pathways, and paves the way for advancing cell-based therapeutic strategies for diabetes.
{"title":"Generation of fluorescent and bioluminescent induced pluripotent stem cells with their application in tracking organoid development","authors":"Lanxing Wang PhD , Zeming Yu MD , Yanwen Zhang PhD , Zhuangzhuang Yang PhD , Jie Zhao MD , Deling Kong PhD , Yuebing Wang PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Islet organoids hold significant promise as a renewable source of insulin-producing cells for diabetes therapy; however, an efficient system for real-time tracking and dynamic capture of the developmental processes of islet organoids remains underdeveloped. Here, we report the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) stably expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and luciferase (Luc) via rational plasmid construction and lentiviral transduction. Using fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging, we systematically monitored the differentiation of these EGFP/Luc-iPSCs into islet organoids, demonstrating that the reporter iPSCs maintained pluripotency, stable fluorescent/bioluminescent signals, and uncompromised differentiation potential across multiple passages. The formed islet organoids consistently exhibited robust imaging signals, enabling noninvasive visualization of their spatiotemporal developmental dynamics. Our study established an innovative imaging platform that facilitates real-time, noninvasive monitoring of islet organoid morphogenesis, provides mechanistic insights into organoid differentiation pathways, and paves the way for advancing cell-based therapeutic strategies for diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102849"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144822115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2025.102860
Meritxell Perramón , María Navalón-López , Guillermo Fernández-Varo , Gregori Casals , Joana Faneca , Manuel Macías-Herranz , Loreto Boix , Yiliam Fundora , Manuel Morales-Ruiz , Judit García-Villoria , Cristina Fornaguera , Salvador Borrós , Wladimiro Jiménez
Pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (Pttg1) is upregulated in cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma (HCC). We assessed the therapeutic effect of liver-targeted Pttg1 siRNA Retinol (Ret) pBAE nanoparticles (NPs) to treat these disturbances. Fibrosis was induced in Wistar rats by carbon tetrachloride inhalation and HCC by diethylnitrosamine injection. Ret pBAE NPs accumulated in hepatic tissue, close to zones positive for αSMA staining. Pttg1 interference increased mean arterial pressure, reduced portal hypertension and decreased collagen accumulation and inflammatory infiltrate in fibrotic rats. In HCC rats, Pttg1 silencing reduced liver to body weight ratio and hepatic proliferation and increased hepatic ATP production and serum glucose. This therapy effectively mitigated liver fibrosis and HCC progression in experimental models. The feasibility of this treatment was also demonstrated in human derived hepatic stellate cells and in ex vivo human cirrhotic livers underscoring the therapeutic potential of Pttg1 siRNA Ret pBAE NPs in addressing liver fibrosis and HCC.
垂体肿瘤转化基因1 （Pttg1）在肝硬化和肝癌中表达上调。我们评估了肝脏靶向Pttg1 siRNA视黄醇（Ret） pBAE纳米颗粒（NPs）治疗这些紊乱的疗效。吸入四氯化碳和注射二乙基亚硝胺诱导Wistar大鼠肝纤维化。肝组织中paenps聚集，靠近α - sma染色阳性区。Pttg1干扰使纤维化大鼠平均动脉压升高，门静脉高压降低，胶原积累和炎症浸润减少。在HCC大鼠中，Pttg1沉默降低肝体重比和肝脏增殖，增加肝脏ATP生成和血清葡萄糖。在实验模型中，该疗法有效地减轻了肝纤维化和HCC的进展。这种治疗的可行性也在人源性肝星状细胞和离体人肝硬化肝脏中得到证实，强调了Pttg1 siRNA Ret pbanps在治疗肝纤维化和HCC方面的治疗潜力。
{"title":"Polymeric nanoparticles for liver-targeted pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 silencing in rats with chronic liver disease","authors":"Meritxell Perramón , María Navalón-López , Guillermo Fernández-Varo , Gregori Casals , Joana Faneca , Manuel Macías-Herranz , Loreto Boix , Yiliam Fundora , Manuel Morales-Ruiz , Judit García-Villoria , Cristina Fornaguera , Salvador Borrós , Wladimiro Jiménez","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (<em>Pttg1</em>) is upregulated in cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma (HCC). We assessed the therapeutic effect of liver-targeted <em>Pttg1</em> siRNA Retinol (Ret) pBAE nanoparticles (NPs) to treat these disturbances. Fibrosis was induced in Wistar rats by carbon tetrachloride inhalation and HCC by diethylnitrosamine injection. Ret pBAE NPs accumulated in hepatic tissue, close to zones positive for αSMA staining. <em>Pttg1</em> interference increased mean arterial pressure, reduced portal hypertension and decreased collagen accumulation and inflammatory infiltrate in fibrotic rats. In HCC rats, <em>Pttg1</em> silencing reduced liver to body weight ratio and hepatic proliferation and increased hepatic ATP production and serum glucose. This therapy effectively mitigated liver fibrosis and HCC progression in experimental models. The feasibility of this treatment was also demonstrated in human derived hepatic stellate cells and in <em>ex vivo</em> human cirrhotic livers underscoring the therapeutic potential of <em>Pttg1</em> siRNA Ret pBAE NPs in addressing liver fibrosis and HCC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102860"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-08-19DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2025.102852
Ihsan Ullah , Izzat Ullah , Sana Aman , Suman Siraj , Shameem Rehmat , Amin Ullah , Naseem Ullah
Chronic and acute wounds pose significant challenges in healthcare, often requiring prolonged treatment and frequent interventions. Traditional injectable drug therapies, while effective, have limitations such as systemic side effects, low patient compliance, and inefficient drug delivery to the wound site. Nanoparticle-infused wound dressings offer a promising alternative by providing localized, sustained drug release while enhancing the wound healing process. These advanced dressings integrate nanoparticles (NPs) such as metallic, polymeric, lipid-based, and hydrogel-based systems to improve antimicrobial activity, promote angiogenesis, and facilitate tissue regeneration. Nanoparticles enable controlled drug release, protect bioactive agents from degradation, and enhance penetration into deeper wound layers, making them highly effective for chronic wounds like diabetic ulcers, burns, and surgical incisions. Moreover, functionalized NPs can incorporate antimicrobial agents, growth factors, and anti-inflammatory compounds, significantly reducing infection risks and promoting faster healing. Emerging studies highlight the potential of silver, gold, chitosan, and lipid-based NPs in improving wound care outcomes compared to conventional approaches. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of various nanoparticle-based wound dressings, their mechanisms of action, and their advantages over injectable therapies. It also discusses the challenges in clinical translation, including biocompatibility, regulatory hurdles, and large-scale production. With continuous advancements in nanomedicine, nanoparticle-infused wound dressings hold immense potential to revolutionize wound management, offering a patient-friendly and efficient alternative to traditional treatments. Future research should focus on optimizing formulations, ensuring safety, and conducting large-scale clinical trials to facilitate their transition into mainstream medical practice.
{"title":"Nanoparticle-infused wound dressings: A novel alternative to injectable therapies for enhanced healing and drug delivery","authors":"Ihsan Ullah , Izzat Ullah , Sana Aman , Suman Siraj , Shameem Rehmat , Amin Ullah , Naseem Ullah","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic and acute wounds pose significant challenges in healthcare, often requiring prolonged treatment and frequent interventions. Traditional injectable drug therapies, while effective, have limitations such as systemic side effects, low patient compliance, and inefficient drug delivery to the wound site. Nanoparticle-infused wound dressings offer a promising alternative by providing localized, sustained drug release while enhancing the wound healing process. These advanced dressings integrate nanoparticles (NPs) such as metallic, polymeric, lipid-based, and hydrogel-based systems to improve antimicrobial activity, promote angiogenesis, and facilitate tissue regeneration. Nanoparticles enable controlled drug release, protect bioactive agents from degradation, and enhance penetration into deeper wound layers, making them highly effective for chronic wounds like diabetic ulcers, burns, and surgical incisions. Moreover, functionalized NPs can incorporate antimicrobial agents, growth factors, and anti-inflammatory compounds, significantly reducing infection risks and promoting faster healing. Emerging studies highlight the potential of silver, gold, chitosan, and lipid-based NPs in improving wound care outcomes compared to conventional approaches. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of various nanoparticle-based wound dressings, their mechanisms of action, and their advantages over injectable therapies. It also discusses the challenges in clinical translation, including biocompatibility, regulatory hurdles, and large-scale production. With continuous advancements in nanomedicine, nanoparticle-infused wound dressings hold immense potential to revolutionize wound management, offering a patient-friendly and efficient alternative to traditional treatments. Future research should focus on optimizing formulations, ensuring safety, and conducting large-scale clinical trials to facilitate their transition into mainstream medical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102852"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2025.102853
Xiaofei Jia , Zhenzhen Liu , Juan Zhou , Chunran Cao , Yunwei Hao , Jin Chen , Han Han , Jing Liang , Zhibin Zhao , Yi Wang , Zhendong Niu , Rui Xiao
Infection with influenza A (FluA) virus usually leads to secondary infection with streptococcus pneumoniae (s. pneumoniae). It is urgent to develop rapid, highly sensitive, simultaneous and universal point-of-care testing (POCT) techniques for FluA and s. pneumoniae. We developed a two-channel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-lateral flow assay (LFA) technique based on wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-modified magnetic SERS nanotags (Fe3O4@Au-WGA), for detection of FluA and s. pneumoniae. The detection limits were 14 copies/mL for FluA and 10 cells/mL for s. pneumoniae, and the sensitivity was about 100 times higher than the visual signals. It was used to detect 80 FluA and s. pneumoniae positive throat swabs/sputum samples and 30 negative samples, with a diagnostic accuracy of 100 %, which was 19 % higher than that of commercial colloidal gold-LFA strips. Therefore, the proposed platform has a strong clinical application potential in the rapid, accurate, highly sensitive and universal detection of FluA and s. pneumoniae.
{"title":"Universal and highly sensitive detection of influenza A virus and streptococcus pneumoniae using WGA-modified magnetic SERS nanotags-based lateral flow assay","authors":"Xiaofei Jia , Zhenzhen Liu , Juan Zhou , Chunran Cao , Yunwei Hao , Jin Chen , Han Han , Jing Liang , Zhibin Zhao , Yi Wang , Zhendong Niu , Rui Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infection with influenza A (FluA) virus usually leads to secondary infection with <em>streptococcus pneumoniae</em> (<em>s. pneumoniae</em>). It is urgent to develop rapid, highly sensitive, simultaneous and universal point-of-care testing (POCT) techniques for FluA and <em>s. pneumoniae</em>. We developed a two-channel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-lateral flow assay (LFA) technique based on wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-modified magnetic SERS nanotags (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@Au-WGA), for detection of FluA and <em>s. pneumoniae</em>. The detection limits were 14 copies/mL for FluA and 10 cells/mL for <em>s. pneumoniae</em>, and the sensitivity was about 100 times higher than the visual signals. It was used to detect 80 FluA and <em>s. pneumoniae</em> positive throat swabs/sputum samples and 30 negative samples, with a diagnostic accuracy of 100 %, which was 19 % higher than that of commercial colloidal gold-LFA strips. Therefore, the proposed platform has a strong clinical application potential in the rapid, accurate, highly sensitive and universal detection of FluA and <em>s. pneumoniae</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102853"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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