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Regional features of Ukrainian higher education in wartime conditions 战时乌克兰高等教育的地区特点
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.33271/nvngu/2024-1/185
K. Levchuk, O. Levchuk, L. Husak, N. Havryliuk, O. M. Lozovskyi
Purpose. To describe the regional organizational features of educational services proposed by higher educational institutions (HEIs) of Ukraine in wartime. Methodology. Normative documents regulating the educational process in Ukraine in wartime conditions were analyzed. Observations, interviews, online surveys, and questionnaires followed by mathematical and statistical analysis constituted the empirical basis of the research. The selection of respondents was carried out in HEIs which are not located in the zones of active hostilities or in the immediate vicinity of them. Findings. Since the beginning of the full-scale war in Ukraine, students of higher education have had problems of an infrastructural, institutional, and personal nature. Mixed training has become the optimal form of training for HEIs which are not located in the zones of active hostilities or in the immediate vicinity of them. To ensure continuous learning, higher education institutions should offer students flexible options for education; establish communication between students and experienced and qualified teachers; guarantee access to relevant educational materials; create online learning platforms; provide students with mental health support; cooperate with other universities and educational establishments; and make any necessary adjustments to programs and services. For mixed learning formats, it is best to apply the following educational technologies: online learning platforms; virtual classrooms for lectures and group discussions; video conferencing tools; digital libraries; mobile learning software; and messengers. Originality. Access to high-quality educational opportunities in higher education institutions in the conditions of war in Ukraine requires the introduction of flexible forms of education. Mixed training will be effective in certain regions of the country under acceptable safety conditions. Practical value. Assessment of access for higher education learners to educational resources and technologies in the conditions of war in Ukraine has been performed. The effectiveness of distance education has been studied. Strategies have been developed to solve the problem of ensuring the continuity of education in active combat zones or in the immediate vicinity of them.
目的描述乌克兰高等教育机构(HEIs)在战时提出的教育服务的地区组织特点。方法。对规范战时乌克兰教育过程的规范性文件进行了分析。观察、访谈、在线调查和问卷调查以及数理统计分析构成了研究的实证基础。受访者选自不在敌对行动区或敌对行动区附近的高等院校。研究结果。自乌克兰全面战争开始以来,高校学生在基础设施、机构和个人方面都遇到了问题。混合培训已成为不在敌对行动区或敌对行动区附近的高等院校的最佳培训形式。为确保持续学习,高等院校应为学生提供灵活的教育选择;在学生与经验丰富的合格教师之间建立沟通;保证学生获得相关教育材料;创建在线学习平台;为学生提供心理健康支持;与其他大学和教育机构合作;对课程和服务进行必要的调整。对于混合学习形式,最好应用以下教育技术:在线学习平台、用于讲座和小组讨论的虚拟教室、视频会议工具、数字图书馆、移动学习软件和信使。独创性。在乌克兰战争条件下,要在高等教育机构获得高质量的教育机会,就必须采用灵活的教育形式。在可接受的安全条件下,混合培训在该国某些地区将是有效的。实用价值。对乌克兰战争条件下高等教育学习者获得教育资源和技术的情况进行了评估。研究了远程教育的有效性。制定了解决在现役战区或战区附近确保教育连续性问题的战略。
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引用次数: 0
Ecological and economic assessment of the effectiveness of implementing bioenergy technologies in the conditions of post-war recovery of Ukraine 对乌克兰战后恢复条件下生物能源技术实施效果的生态和经济评估
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.33271/nvngu/2024-1/203
V. Dudin, M. Polehenka, O. Tkalich, A. Pavlychenko, H. Hapich, H. Roubík
Purpose. Ecological and economic assessment of the effectiveness of implementing bioenergy technologies for processing organic waste in conditions of technogenic and military risks, while also addressing the need to reduce the extraction of fossil fuels. Methodology. The advanced global experience in bioenergy development is analyzed and considered using modern methods for calculating the technological parameters of biogas plants and determining the economic indicators of their effectiveness. The techno-economic evaluation and justification of the prospects of biogas energy are performed considering the regulatory framework and legislation of Ukraine and the European Union. Findings. With the development of individual biogas plants, the daily output can make approximately: biogas – 370 m3, electricity – 700 kW, thermal energy – 1100 kW. The total value of realized resources per year of operation amounts to €60,370 (of which: electricity – €31,467; thermal energy – €10,907; liquid organic fertilizers – €17,996). With investments of around €270–300 thousand and an annual profit of €21,870, the payback period of investments reaches 12–13 years. Originality. The scientific justification for the prospect and necessity of developing biogas energy in Ukraine has been established to improve overall energy security and the eco-economic efficiency of developing low-waste technologies alongside reducing the extraction of energy resources and greenhouse gas emissions. Assuming the improvement of the regulatory framework for biogas extraction and implementation in line with EU standards, as well as grant funding from various partner countries, the payback period could be reduced from 12 to 5–6 years, which is an acceptable indicator for small private enterprises. Practical value. The practical implementation of the proposed perspectives for the development of Ukraine’s energy sector in the conditions of post-war recovery will reduce dependence on fossil fuels, increase the overall level of environmental and economic efficiency in the energy sector. The possibility of reducing the payback period of capital investments in “green energy” projects by half for farm enterprises has been justified, which positively impacts the environment and energy security of Ukraine.
目的。对在技术和军事风险条件下采用生物能源技术处理有机废物的有效性进行生态和经济评估,同时满足减少开采化石燃料的需要。方法。采用现代方法计算沼气厂的技术参数和确定其效益的经济指标,分析和考虑全球生物能源发展的先进经验。考虑到乌克兰和欧盟的监管框架和立法,对沼气能源的前景进行了技术经济评估和论证。研究结果。随着单个沼气厂的发展,日产量大约为:沼气 370 立方米,电力 700 千瓦,热能 1100 千瓦。每年运行所实现的资源总价值为 60 370 欧元(其中:电力 31 467 欧元;热能 10 907 欧元;液体有机肥 17 996 欧元)。投资额约为 27 万至 30 万欧元,年利润为 21 870 欧元,投资回收期为 12 至 13 年。独创性。在乌克兰发展沼气能源的前景和必要性的科学依据已经确立,目的是在减少能源资源开采和温室气体排放的同时,提高整体能源安全和发展低废物技术的生态经济效益。假定按照欧盟标准改进沼气开采和实施的监管框架,以及各伙伴国家提供赠款,投资回收期可从 12 年缩短到 5-6 年,这是小型私营企业可以接受的指标。实用价值。在战后恢复的条件下,乌克兰能源部门发展前景建议的实际实施将减少对化石燃料 的依赖,提高能源部门的整体环境和经济效益水平。农业企业在 "绿色能源 "项目上的资本投资回收期可缩短一半,这对乌克 兰的环境和能源安全产生了积极影响。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of ice structure on vitability of frozen sand-water and sand-clay mixtures 冰结构对冰冻砂-水和砂-粘土混合物活力的影响
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.33271/nvngu/2024-1/032
L. Solonenko, K. Uzlov, T. Kimstach, Ya. V Mianovska, D. Y. Yakymenko
Purpose. To establish influence regularity of sand, water and clay preparation conditions on vitability of frozen mixtures made from combinations of these components and to increase the castings quality in foundries, as well as to improve technologies for artificial freezing of soils for underground constructions. Methodology. In this research, sand, clay, and water are used. Ice quality is estimated visually after water freezing at -15 °C in glass tubes. Frozen mixtures’ vitability at -15 °C is studied on beam-type samples. As indicators of survivability, the time to 1 mm bending of samples on supports and the time to their destruction are accepted. The time is recorded with a stopwatch, the temperature with an alcohol thermometer, the mass with electronic scales and the deflection arrow with a clock-type indicator. Findings. The presence and amount of water-soluble impurities in rare water significantly influence the nature, size and distribution of gas bubbles in ice, as well as frozen sand-water mixtures vitability. Frozen mixtures’ survivability increases with water content in them increasing, and, for sand  water mixtures, survivability is maximum if ice has a homogeneous structure. Among mixtures with clays, the mixture with non-swollen kaolin clay has the greatest vitability. Regarding survivability, recommendations for manufacturing products from frozen foundry mixtures have been developed. Originality. For the first time, deformation change kinetics (bending arrows) under the influence of beam-type samples’ self-mass from mixtures of quartz sand and water and quartz sand, clay and water frozen at -15 °C, which have been previously prepared in different ways, have been investigated. Insights into the influence of various factors and ice quality on the vitability of frozen mixtures have been further developed. Practical value. The obtained results can be useful for expanding ideas about natural frozen soils’ behavior during their cyclic temperature changes, soils artificially frozen during mine shafts elaboration, escalators’ and junctions’ tunnels, etc. when constructing subways. In foundries, the developed recommendations will reduce technological losses and will improve casting quality made using frozen casting molds and cores from sand-water or sand-clay-water mixtures, castings’ patterns and their pouring systems from sand-water mixtures.
目的确定砂、水和粘土制备条件的规律性对由这些成分组合而成的冷冻混合物活力的影响,提高铸造厂的铸件质量,以及改进地下建筑土壤人工冷冻技术。研究方法。本研究使用砂、粘土和水。水在-15 °C玻璃管中冷冻后,用肉眼估计冰的质量。在梁式样品上研究冷冻混合物在零下 15 °C时的存活性。作为生存能力的指标,样品在支撑物上弯曲 1 毫米的时间和样品被破坏的时间均可接受。时间用秒表记录,温度用酒精温度计记录,质量用电子秤记录,偏转箭头用钟表式指示器记录。结果。稀水中水溶性杂质的存在和数量极大地影响了冰中气泡的性质、大小和分布,也影响了冰冻砂水混合物的存活率。冰冻混合物的存活率随着其中含水量的增加而增加,对于沙  水混合物,如果冰的结构均匀,则存活率最大。在含有粘土的混合物中,含有非膨胀高岭土的混合物存活率最高。在存活率方面,我们提出了利用冷冻铸造混合物制造产品的建议。独创性。首次研究了石英砂和水的混合物以及石英砂、粘土和水的混合物在-15 °C下冷冻时,在梁型样品自重影响下的变形变化动力学(弯曲箭头)。进一步了解了各种因素和冰的质量对冷冻混合物活力的影响。实用价值。所获得的结果可用于拓展有关天然冻土在温度周期性变化期间的行为的思路,以及在修建地铁时矿井、自动扶梯和路口隧道等过程中人工冻土的思路。在铸造厂,所提出的建议将减少技术损失,并提高使用砂-水或砂-粘土-水混合物的冷冻铸模和型芯、砂-水混合物的铸件模型及其浇注系统的铸造质量。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of the rock mass structure and the blasting technique on blast results in the Heliopolis quarry 岩体结构和爆破技术对赫利奥波利斯采石场爆破效果的影响
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.33271/nvngu/2024-1/020
F. Bahloul, A. Hafsaoui, A. Idres, F. Boutarfa, A. I. Kanli, A. Benselhoub
Purpose. To find a relative methodology which will help the systematic analysis of the parameters influencing the blasting plan and a better understanding of the mechanisms of fragmentation of rocks with explosives. Methodology. The approach uses the Kuz-Ram model to predict blast performance. Three models were used to consider the effect of blast plan geometry on the quality of blast rock fragmentation. A new blasting plan is proposed using the Langefors method and the Kuz-Ram empirical model. The results obtained were compared with those of previous blasts. Findings. The research results show that the optimal fragmentation of 89.2 % with a balance between fine particles of 5.7 % and outsized blocks of 5.1 % of rocks by explosive in the Heliopolis aggregates quarry is highly dependent on the type and quantity of explosive used, the direction of initiation, and the cracks caused by the waves of shock (back effects). Originality. The present work is concerned with the problem of the quality of rock blasting which will ultimately affect the costs of drilling, blasting and the efficiency of all mining operations. Parameters influencing the processes of rock fragmentation during mining operations are specified. Practical value. The purpose of blasting is to disaggregate the material in order to facilitate its recovery by the extraction equipment. It is therefore necessary to correctly define the blasting plan by optimizing these geometric parameters, the nature and the quantity of explosive, the initiation sequences aim to have the right particle size distribution.
目的找到一种有助于系统分析影响爆破计划的参数的相关方法,并更好地了解炸药炸碎岩石的机理。方法。该方法使用 Kuz-Ram 模型来预测爆破性能。使用三个模型来考虑爆破计划几何形状对爆破岩石破碎质量的影响。使用 Langefors 方法和 Kuz-Ram 经验模型提出了一种新的爆破方案。将获得的结果与之前的爆破结果进行了比较。研究结果研究结果表明,在 Heliopolis 集料采石场,炸药的最佳破碎率为 89.2%,同时兼顾 5.7%的细颗粒和 5.1%的大块岩石,这在很大程度上取决于所用炸药的类型和数量、起爆方向以及冲击波造成的裂缝(反向效应)。原创性。本研究涉及岩石爆破的质量问题,这将最终影响钻孔、爆破的成本和所有采矿作业的效率。明确了采矿作业中影响岩石破碎过程的参数。实用价值。爆破的目的是破碎材料,以便于开采设备回收。因此,有必要通过优化这些几何参数、炸药的性质和数量、起爆顺序来正确确定爆破计划,以获得正确的粒度分布。
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引用次数: 0
Gross regional product in Ukraine: two-dimensional analysis of regularities and territorial features 乌克兰的地区生产总值:对规律性和地域特征的二维分析
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.33271/nvngu/2024-1/175
О. І. Babchynska, O. Vagonova, V. Nyzhnyk, O. Posvalyuk, O. M. Lozovskyi
Purpose. Carrying out an analysis of panel data on individual indicators of the development of the regions of Ukraine in general and their aggregates, distinguished by territorial location and profitability in order to establish the main regularities and specific features of changes in their gross regional product. Methodology. On the basis of a sample of statistical indicators of the socio-economic development of the regions of Ukraine for the period from the beginning of the Russian-Ukrainian war (2014) to the full-scale invasion, the authors created panel series of data with the separation of regional groups according to territorial and income criteria. For each group panel series of data, random effects regression models were built in order to determine the presence of regularities and specific features of regional development in different groups. Findings. An analysis of scientific developments and practical results in the issue of determining the key factors of the formation of the gross regional product was carried out. Given the uncertainty in views on the key factors of regional development, an attempt was made to determine them using a two-dimensional analysis of panel data. For this purpose, a sample of statistical information on the main indicators of socio-economic development of each of the regions of Ukraine was formed and their grouping was carried out according to two criteria: territorial location and profitability according to the indicator of the gross regional product per capita. In general, five groups of oblasts were formed based on territorial characteristics and four groups of oblasts based on income characteristics, and a panel regression model was constructed for each of these groups, including the total set of regional panel data. The received specifications of the models made it possible to form a list of key regularities in the formation of the gross regional product in Ukraine, as well as to determine specific factors of influence on the resulting indicator for each of the groups of oblasts. Originality. On the basis of the given approach to the panel analysis of factors of regional development and, in particular, the formation of the gross regional product, based on a combination of statistical methods for grouping (clustering) regions according to various criteria and panel regression models, the hypothesis regarding the presence of common regularities of regional development in certain groups of oblasts of Ukraine was confirmed. The key factors and specific features of changes in the indicator of the gross regional product in Ukraine in general and in individual regional clusters are determined. Practical value. The possibility of practical use of the obtained results as key risk factors in the process of forming plans for the economic development of individual oblasts in the long term, as well as the application of the proposed approach to the study on key factors of the formation of other indicators of regional
目的对乌克兰各地区总体发展的个别指标及其总量的面板数据进行分析,并按地区位置和盈利能力加以区分,以确定其地区生产总值变化的主要规律和具体特征。研究方法。在俄乌战争开始(2014 年)至全面入侵期间乌克兰各地区社会经济发展统计指标样本的基础上,作者创建了面板系列数据,并根据领土和收入标准划分了地区组。针对每个小组的面板系列数据,建立了随机效应回归模型,以确定不同小组地区发展的规律性和具体特征。研究结果。在确定地区生产总值形成的关键因素问题上,对科学发展和实践成果进行了分析。鉴于对地区发展关键因素的看法存在不确定性,我们尝试使用面板数据的二维分析来确定这些因素。为此,对乌克兰各州社会经济发展主要指标的统计信息进行了抽样,并根据两个标准对其进行了分组:地域位置和根据人均地区生产总值指标的盈利能力。总体而言,根据地域特征划分了 5 个州组,根据收入特征划分了 4 个州组,并为每个州组建 立了一个面板回归模型,其中包括整个地区面板数据集。通过对模型的分析,可以列出乌克兰地区生产总值形成过程中的主要规律,并确定影响各州组地区生产总值指标的具体因素。独创性。在对地区发展因素,特别是地区生产总值的形成进行面板分析的基础上,结合根据不同标准对地区进行分组(聚类)的统计方法和面板回归模型,证实了关于乌克兰某些州组在地区发展方面存在共同规律性的假设。确定了乌克兰总体和个别地区组的地区生产总值指标变化的关键因素和具体特征。实用价值。在制定各州长期经济发展计划的过程中,可以将所获得的结果作为关键风险因素加以实际利用,也可以将所提出的方法应用于研究其他地区发展指标形成的关键因素。
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引用次数: 0
Scientific bases and peculiarities of conversion of CHPP anthracite boilers to sub-bituminous coal combustion CHPP 无烟煤锅炉改用次烟煤燃烧的科学依据和特殊性
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.33271/nvngu/2024-1/041
M. V. Chernyavskyy, O. Provalov, Y. Miroshnychenko, O. V. Kosyachkov
Scientific bases and peculiarities of conversion of CHPP anthracite boilers to sub-bituminous coal combustion Print EmailUser Rating: / 0 PoorBest Category: Content №1 2024 Last Updated on 29 February 2024 Published on 30 November -0001 Hits: 1 SocButtons v1.4 Authors: M.V.Chernyavskyy*, orcid.org/0000-0003-4225-4984, Thermal Energy Technology Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, e-mail: mchernyavski@gmail.com O.Yu.Provalov, orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-2259, Thermal Energy Technology Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, e-mail: eproval@ukr.net Ye.S.Miroshnychenko, orcid.org/0000-0003-2487-6886, Thermal Energy Technology Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, e-mail: yevhenmi@gmail.com O.V.Kosyachkov, orcid.org/0000-0002-9445-8738, Thermal Energy Technology Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, e-mail: alexkosoy@ukr.net * Corresponding author e-mail: mchernyavski@gmail.com повний текст / full article Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu. 2024, (1): 041 - 049 https://doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2024-1/041 Abstract: Purpose. Development of scientific foundations and generalization of experience in development and implementation of technical solutions for conversion of CHPP anthracite boilers with steam productivity up to 250 t/h for combusting sub-bituminous coal with maximum use of existing equipment. Methodology. Consumption and heat calculations of pulverizing systems, aerodynamic calculations of pulverized coal pipes and burners, thermal calculations of boilers and combustion chambers. Calculation justification of technical solutions to eliminate the risk of coal ignition in pulverizing systems and in the burners. Industrial tests on CHPP boiler units. Findings. Different types of pulverizing systems of anthracite CHPP boilers with ball-drum mills, an intermediate pulverized coal hopper and with hot air as a drying agent were considered, and a classification of pulverizing systems by the method of pulverized coal transport to the burners (with drying agent or hot air), and boilers – by the type and location of the burners and the geometry of the furnace, was performed. The problems were analyzed, the calculations of pulverizing systems, pipes, burners, and boilers were performed according to the applied technical solutions, and the experience was summarized of conversion from anthracite to sub-bituminous coal in the boilers of Myronivska, Darnytska CHPP and of the first line of Slovianska TPP. Recommendations are given on methods of conversion of anthracite boilers with a steam capacity of up to 250 t/h with different types of pulverizing systems for burning sub-bituminous coal with maximum use of existing equipment. Originality. For pulverizing systems with ball-drum mills and an intermediate hopper for pulverized coal with hot air as a drying agent classification was made for the first time by the type of transp
CHPP 无烟煤锅炉改用亚烟煤燃烧的科学依据和特殊性 打印 电子邮件用户评级:/ 0 差最佳类别:内容№1 2024年2月29日最后更新发布于2024年11月30日-0001点击数: 1 SocButtons v1.4 作者:M.V.Chernyavskyy*, orcid.org/0000-0003-4225-4984, Thermal Energy Technology Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, e-mail: mchernyavski@gmail.com O.Yu.Provalov, orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-2259, Thermal Energy Technology Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, e-mail: eproval@ukr.net Ye.S.Miroshnychenko, orcid.org/0000-0003-2487-6886, Thermal Energy Technology Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, e-mail: yevhenmi@gmail.com O.V.Kosyachkov, orcid.org/0000-0002-9445-8738, Thermal Energy Technology Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, e-mail: alexkosoy@ukr.net * 通讯作者电子邮件:mchernyavski@gmail.com повний текст / 全文 Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu.2024, (1):041 - 049 https://doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2024-1/041 摘要:目的。为最大限度地利用现有设备将蒸汽生产率高达 250 吨/小时的 CHPP 无烟煤锅炉改装为燃烧次烟煤的技术解决方案的开发和实施奠定科学基础并推广经验。方法。制粉系统的消耗和热量计算、煤粉管道和燃烧器的空气动力计算、锅炉和燃烧室的热量计算。计算消除煤粉制粉系统和燃烧器燃煤风险的技术解决方案的合理性。对 CHPP 锅炉装置进行工业试验。结果。考虑了不同类型的无烟煤 CHPP 锅炉制粉系统,包括球磨机、中间煤粉斗和热空气作为干燥剂,并根据煤粉输送到燃烧器的方法(使用干燥剂或热空气)对制粉系统进行了分类,根据燃烧器的类型和位置以及炉膛的几何形状对锅炉进行了分类。对问题进行了分析,根据应用的技术解决方案对制粉系统、管道、燃烧器和锅炉进行了计算,并总结了在 Myronivska、Darnytska CHPP 和 Slovianska TPP 一线锅炉中将无烟煤转换为亚烟煤的经验。就如何在最大限度利用现有设备的情况下,将蒸汽容量高达 250 吨/小时的无烟煤锅炉转换为燃烧亚烟煤的不同类型的制粉系统提出了建议。独创性。首次根据输送剂的类型,对带有球磨机和煤粉中间料斗、以热空气为干燥剂的煤粉制粉系统进行了分类,结果表明,在将无烟煤转换为亚烟煤,并将煤粉通过空气输送到燃烧器时,有必要从第一级空气加热器中选择微热空气。事实证明,要保持熔融除渣的温度条件,同时减少炉内热空气的消耗量,需要优先使用单磨模式的制粉系统,这是因为亚烟煤的可磨性更高。实用价值。根据在 Myronivska、Darnytska CHPP 和 Slovianska TPP 一线核准技术解决方案的经验,就如何在最大限度利用现有设备的情况下,将蒸汽容量高达 250 吨/小时的无烟煤锅炉与不同类型的制粉系统转移到燃烧亚烟煤的模式提出了建议。
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引用次数: 0
Improvement of the method of time rationing for assembling car groups on one track 改进在一条轨道上组装车组的时间分配方法
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.33271/nvngu/2024-1/147
D. Kozachenko, B. Gera, I. Taran, R. Korobiova, V. Malashkin, Y. Hermaniuk
Purpose. To improve the method for standardizing the duration of the shunting operation of assembling cars on one track. This can be achieved as a result of solving the following research problems: development of a method for searching the optimal order of assembling cars on one track; distribution parameters estimation of the random value of the duration of shunting operation of assembling cars on one track based on calculation experiments. Methodology. During the research, the methods of theory of railway operation, dynamic programming and mathematical statistics were used. Findings. Research on the assembling process of car group to one track established the distribution parameters of the random variable of time spent for shunting. In the course of the research, the problem of choosing the optimal order of shunting operations during car assembling was formalized and solved as a problem of dynamic programming. The time spent for shunting work was chosen as the optimality criterion. The paper considers the possibility of approximating the data of calculation experiments by analytical dependencies. It was found out that the use of linear polynomials with interaction allows obtaining dependencies describing time standards with a relative accuracy of ±5 %. Originality. The method is improved for developing the time standards for shunting work, which, unlike the existing one, is based on the performance of a series of calculation experiments, each of which solves the optimization problem of finding such an order of assembling cars that ensures minimum time consumption for shunting. Practical value. The methods developed in the work and the dependencies obtained allow improving the quality of decisions made when developing technology and designing railway stations and sidings of industrial enterprises.
目的改进标准化单轨集车调车作业持续时间的方法。这可以通过解决以下研究问题来实现:开发一种寻找单轨集车最佳顺序的方法;根据计算实验估算单轨集车调车作业持续时间随机值的分布参数。研究方法。在研究过程中,使用了铁路运行理论、动态程序设计和数理统计方法。研究结果。通过对单轨集车过程的研究,确定了调车时间随机变量的分布参数。在研究过程中,选择车辆组装过程中最佳调车作业顺序的问题被形式化,并作为动态程序设计问题加以解决。调车工作所花费的时间被选为优化标准。论文考虑了用分析依赖关系近似计算实验数据的可能性。结果发现,使用具有交互作用的线性多项式可以获得描述时间标准的依赖关系,其相对精确度为±5%。原创性。改进了制定调车工作时间标准的方法,与现有方法不同的是,该方法以一系列计算实验为基础,每个计算实验都要解决一个优化问题,即找到确保调车耗时最少的装车顺序。实用价值。该作品中开发的方法和获得的依赖关系有助于提高工业企业在开发技术、设计火车站和侧线时的决策质量。
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引用次数: 0
Heat exchange under the longitudinal movement of wet steam in finning heat exchangers 翅片式热交换器中湿蒸汽纵向运动下的热交换
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.33271/nvngu/2024-1/069
V. O. Tu, N. Lebed, N. S. Kulesh
The paper is devoted to the study on hydrodynamics and heat exchange of two-phase medium. While designing technological equipment, when the wet steam is used as the operating medium, the features of the interaction between liquid drops and the heat exchange surface are not considered in most cases. In full, this applies to steam turbines operating on the wet steam whose moisture content depends on the primary and secondary removal of liquid drops from the separation blocks. Purpose. Improving the method of calculation of recuperative heat exchangers, if wet steam is used as the operating medium. Methodology. It is based on the analysis of the physical model of moving the two-phase medium in the heat and mass exchange conditions, considering the design characteristics of the heat transfer surface. Findings. The correlation of critical values of two-phase flow parameters was obtained to determine the lower boundary of the process of plucking the drops from the liquid film depending on the irrigation density, geometric characteristics of the channel and physical properties of the liquid and gas. Correlations were obtained for pipes with longitudinal finning as the Π-shaped profile, based on which we recommend optimizing the geometric characteristics of longitudinal finning. Originality. Determining the limit modes of secondary removal formation during the movement of a two-phase medium in separation devices and the features of heat and mass transfer of wet steam in finning recuperative heat exchangers. Practical value. The presented results make it possible to optimize the design of recuperative heat exchangers with longitudinal Π-shaped finning.
本文主要研究两相介质的流体力学和热交换。在设计技术设备时,当使用湿蒸汽作为运行介质时,大多数情况下都没有考虑液滴与热交换表面之间的相互作用特征。湿蒸汽的含水量取决于分离块中液滴的一次和二次脱除,这一点在以湿蒸汽为工作介质的蒸汽轮机中得到了充分体现。目的在使用湿蒸汽作为运行介质的情况下,改进换热器的计算方法。方法。基于在热量和质量交换条件下移动两相介质的物理模型分析,同时考虑传热表面的设计特性。研究结果。根据灌溉密度、通道的几何特征以及液体和气体的物理性质,获得了两相流参数临界值的相关性,以确定从液膜中拔出液滴过程的下边界。在此基础上,我们建议优化纵向翅片的几何特征。原创性。确定分离装置中两相介质运动过程中形成二次清除的极限模式,以及翅片换热器中湿蒸汽传热和传质的特征。实用价值。该研究成果有助于优化带有纵向Π形翅片的换热器的设计。
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引用次数: 0
Two-stage problems of optimal location and distribution of the humanitarian logistics system’s structural subdivisions 人道主义物流系统结构分区的最佳位置和分布的两阶段问题
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.33271/nvngu/2024-1/130
L. Koriashkina, S. V. Dziuba, S. A. Us, O. Stanina, M. Odnovol
Purpose. To ensure the rational organization of the evacuation of people from a region affected by an emergency by developing a mathematical and algorithmic toolkit that will allow for the early distribution of transport and material resources, maximizing coverage of the affected areas while minimizing evacuation time. Methodology. System analysis of evacuation processes; mathematical modeling, the theory of continuous problems of optimal partitioning of sets, non-differentiable optimization. Findings. The object of the study is the two-stage evacuation logistic processes that occur when serving the population of areas affected by emergencies of a natural or technogenic nature. The research considers the possibility of optimally distributing human flows within the transportation system, the structural subdivisions of which are first-stage centers (first aid stations that carry out the reception of citizens from areas affected by the disaster) and second-stage centers (specialized units of the emergency aid system that provide further services to the evacuated population). The proposed mathematical model deals with the problem of optimally partitioning a continuous set with the placement of subset centers and additional connections. Methods for its solution have been described. We demonstrate the versatility of these models, as they can be used to describe logistic evacuation processes, organize assembly points, intermediate locations, evacuation reception points, and those providing primary assistance to the affected population. We calculate the appropriate number of essential products and deliver them from existing warehouses through distribution centers to the affected areas. Originality. As preventive measures to increase the level of population safety during an emergency, we consider the optimal placement of rescue facilities and the zoning of the territory to distribute evacuation traffic. We also address the problem of the optimal distribution of human flows in the transport and logistics system. Practical value. The presented models, methods, and algorithms enable the solution of many practical problems related to the development of preventive measures and the planning of rescue operations to ensure the population’s safety in case of emergencies. The theoretical results obtained are translated into specific recommendations that can be utilized when addressing logistical problems related to the organization of primary evacuation of the population from affected areas and their subsequent transportation to safer locations for further assistance.
目的开发一个数学和算法工具包,以便尽早分配运输和物资资源,最大限度地覆盖受影响地区,同时最大限度地缩短疏散时间,从而确保合理组织受紧急情况影响地区的人员疏散。方法。疏散过程的系统分析;数学建模、最优集合划分的连续问题理论、无差别优化。研究结果。研究对象是为受自然或技术性突发事件影响地区的居民提供服务时发生的两阶段疏散物流过程。研究考虑了在运输系统内优化分配人流的可能性,该系统的结构细分为第一阶段中心(负责接收来自受灾地区的公民的急救站)和第二阶段中心(为疏散人口提供进一步服务的紧急援助系统专业单位)。所提出的数学模型处理的问题是,如何通过设置子集中心和附加连接,对一个连续集合进行优化分区。模型的求解方法已作说明。我们展示了这些模型的多功能性,因为它们可用于描述物流疏散过程、组织集结点、中间地点、疏散接待点以及为受灾人口提供主要援助的地点。我们计算出适当数量的必需品,并通过配送中心从现有仓库运送到灾区。独创性。作为在紧急情况下提高人口安全水平的预防措施,我们考虑了救援设施的最佳位置以及疏散交通的区域划分。我们还解决了运输和物流系统中人流的最佳分布问题。实用价值。所介绍的模型、方法和算法能够解决许多实际问题,包括制定预防措施和救援行动规划,以确保紧急情况下的人员安全。获得的理论成果可转化为具体建议,在解决与组织受影响地区人口的初步疏散以及随后将他们运送到更安全地点以获得进一步援助有关的后勤问题时加以利用。
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引用次数: 0
Organizational and legal principles of information security of enterprises in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine 乌克兰戒严条件下企业信息安全的组织和法律原则
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.33271/nvngu/2024-1/167
B. Melnychenko, I. Khomyshyn, M. Sirant, S. Tsebenko, S. Yesimov
Purpose. To investigate the peculiarities of organizational and legal provision of information security (IS) in the conditions of martial law (ML). To propose changes to legislative provisions to improve legal regulation in this area. To develop systematic measures to balance the rights and obligations of individuals and legal entities in the field of IS in the conditions of ML. Methodology. The general scientific and special legal methods of cognition are used: hermeneutic method allowed us to substantiate expansion of IS field; content analysis – to determine organizational principles of IS of enterprises in conditions of ML; structural and legal – to propose indicator conditions for legal norms; special-legal – to propose system of local regulatory acts for the legal provision of IS; comparative legal – to propose special legal regime for IS of enterprises. Findings. It is indicated that during the state of war, the IS field of enterprise expands significantly and becomes an element of the national security system. The peculiarities of organizational and legal support and the basic organizational principles of IS of enterprises in the conditions of ML are determined. It is proposed to introduce a special legal regime for implementation of IS of enterprises in conditions of ML and use of the state’s capabilities in this area under specified legal regime. Amendments to the articles of Special Part of Code of Ukraine on administrative offenses are proposed for effective regulatory support of the special legal regime for implementation of IS of enterprises Originality. A legal tool is proposed to limit dissemination of information about a company’s activities – the introduction of local law documents to classify information about the company’s activities during ML into category “with limited access”. Indicator conditions and additions to legislative norms are proposed. Practical value. The developed proposals, indicator conditions and additions to legislative norms will contribute to strengthening the IS of enterprises.
目的调查戒严条件下信息安全(IS)的组织和法律规定的特殊性。建议修改法律条款,以完善该领域的法律规定。制定系统措施,平衡个人和法律实体在 ML 条件下 IS 领域的权利和义务。研究方法。采用一般科学和特殊法律认知方法:解释学方法使我们能够证实基础设施服务领域的扩展;内容分析--确定 ML 条件下企业基础设施服务的组织原则;结构和法律--提出法律规范的指标条件;特殊法律--提出基础设施服务法律规定的地方法规体系;比较法--提出企业基础设施服务的特殊法律制度。研究结果。结果表明,在战争状态下,企业的基础设施服务领域显著扩大,成为国家安全系统的一个组成部分。确定了在多边条约条件下组织和法律支持的特殊性以及企业 IS 的基本组织原则。建议为在反洗钱条件下实施企业基础设施服务引入特殊法律制度,并在特定法律制度下使用国家在该领域的能力。建议对《乌克兰法典》关于行政犯罪的特别部分条款进行修订,以便为实施企业内 部信息系统的特别法律制度提供有效的监管支持。建议采用一种法律手段来限制公司活动信息的传播--引入地方法律文件,将公司活动信息在 ML 期间归入 "限制访问 "类别。提出了指标条件和对立法规范的补充。实用价值。制定的建议、指标条件和立法规范的补充内容将有助于加强企业的信息系统。
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引用次数: 0
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Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu
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