Neuroscience最新文献_第9页

Persons with cerebral palsy display improved occipital cortical entrainment after gait training 脑瘫患者在步态训练后表现出改善的枕皮质夹带。

IF 2.8 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.12.043

Max J. Kurz , Elizabeth Dao , Morgan T. Busboom , Elizabeth Heinrichs-Graham , Brad Corr , Katie L. Bemis , Logan White , Kimberley S. Scott , Tony W. Wilson

Prior neuroimaging work has shown that people with cerebral palsy (CP) often have visual processing impairments that impact their motor actions. We evaluated if a physical therapy gait training paradigm that incorporated visuomotor tasks has the potential to improve mobility and result in training-related changes in the entrainment of the occipital cortices of people with CP. People with CP (N = 29; Age = 19.9 ± 7.3 years; Gross Motor Classification Score Levels I-III) underwent 24 gait training sessions and completed a comprehensive battery of clinical assessments to quantify their mobility improvements. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was used to image the cortical activity induced by viewing a 15 Hz flashing stimulus before and after therapy. Neurotypical controls (N = 34; Age = 23.1 ± 3.7 years) were used to gauge the extent of the cortical aberrations and the direction of treatment effects. The group with CP exhibited significantly weaker neural activity in the occipital cortices relative to the neurotypical controls prior to therapy. However, the strength of this event-related synchronization (ERS) increased following therapy. Furthermore, those with a larger change in the strength of the ERS tended to have the greatest improvements in preferred walking speed after therapy. Gait training paradigms that incorporate visuomotor tasks might have the potential to improve mobility, as well as occipital cortical activity in people with CP.

先前的神经影像学研究表明，脑瘫患者通常有影响其运动行为的视觉处理障碍。我们评估了结合视觉运动任务的物理疗法步态训练模式是否有可能改善CP患者的活动能力，并导致枕皮质运动相关的训练变化。CP患者（N = 29；年龄 = 19.9 ± 7.3 岁；大运动分类评分水平I-III）接受了24次步态训练，并完成了一组全面的临床评估，以量化他们的活动能力改善。使用脑磁图（MEG）对治疗前后观看15 Hz闪烁刺激引起的皮质活动进行成像。神经正常对照组（N = 34；年龄 = 23.1 ± 3.7 岁）用于测量皮质畸变的程度和治疗效果的方向。与治疗前的神经正常对照组相比，CP组枕皮质的神经活动明显减弱。然而，这种事件相关同步（ERS）的强度在治疗后增加。此外，ERS强度变化较大的患者在治疗后首选步行速度的改善最大。结合视觉运动任务的步态训练范式可能有潜力改善CP患者的移动性和枕皮质活动。

{"title":"Persons with cerebral palsy display improved occipital cortical entrainment after gait training","authors":"Max J. Kurz , Elizabeth Dao , Morgan T. Busboom , Elizabeth Heinrichs-Graham , Brad Corr , Katie L. Bemis , Logan White , Kimberley S. Scott , Tony W. Wilson","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.12.043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.12.043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prior neuroimaging work has shown that people with cerebral palsy (CP) often have visual processing impairments that impact their motor actions. We evaluated if a physical therapy gait training paradigm that incorporated visuomotor tasks has the potential to improve mobility and result in training-related changes in the entrainment of the occipital cortices of people with CP. People with CP (N = 29; Age = 19.9 ± 7.3 years; Gross Motor Classification Score Levels I-III) underwent 24 gait training sessions and completed a comprehensive battery of clinical assessments to quantify their mobility improvements. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was used to image the cortical activity induced by viewing a 15 Hz flashing stimulus before and after therapy. Neurotypical controls (N = 34; Age = 23.1 ± 3.7 years) were used to gauge the extent of the cortical aberrations and the direction of treatment effects. The group with CP exhibited significantly weaker neural activity in the occipital cortices relative to the neurotypical controls prior to therapy. However, the strength of this event-related synchronization (ERS) increased following therapy. Furthermore, those with a larger change in the strength of the ERS tended to have the greatest improvements in preferred walking speed after therapy. Gait training paradigms that incorporate visuomotor tasks might have the potential to improve mobility, as well as occipital cortical activity in people with CP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"595 ","pages":"Pages 73-80"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145794318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “CEPO-Fc (An EPO Derivative) protects hippocampus against Aβ-induced memory deterioration: a behavioral and molecular study in a rat model of Aβ toxicity”. [Neuroscience 388 (2018) 405–417] “EPO- fc （EPO衍生物）保护海马免受a β诱导的记忆退化：a β毒性大鼠模型的行为和分子研究”的勘误表。[j].神经科学学报，2018,35(5):557 - 557。

IF 2.8 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.10.059

Etrat Hooshmandi , Fereshteh Motamedi , Maryam Moosavi , Hermann Katinger , Zahra Zakeri , Jalal Zaringhalam , Amirhossein Maghsoudi , Rasoul Ghasemi , Nader Maghsoudi

引用次数: 0

Efficiency and robustness in three cortical areas: frontal pole cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex 三个皮质区域：额极皮质、背外侧前额皮质和眶额皮质的效率和稳健性。

IF 2.8 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.12.047

Davide Cipollini , Fabrizio Londei , Satoshi Tsujimoto , Francesco Ceccarelli , Aldo Genovesio

The prefrontal cortex in primates has a diverse evolutionary history, characterized by distinct phases of development. Granular regions of the orbital prefrontal cortex (PFo) emerged early in primate evolution, while other granular areas, such as the dorsolateral (PFdl) and polar (PFp) regions, evolved later during anthropoid development. This study explored the functional differences among PFp, PFdl, and PFo in macaque monkeys, focusing on their coding mechanisms, specifically regarding robustness and efficiency. Efficiency was estimated using the ‘contrast entropy’, defined as the entropy of the neuronal spiking activity normalized by the expected theoretical maximum, whereas robustness was estimated as the synchrony of activity between neurons within the same area. Our investigation revealed that PFp and PFdl show superior information capacity, reflecting efficient coding compared to PFo. Conversely, PFo exhibited higher robustness, suggesting a trade-off relationship between efficiency and robustness consistent with distinct evolutionary stages. The newly incorporated granular prefrontal cortex regions, namely PFp and PFdl, appear to employ a more highly efficient neural code at the expense of reliability, as evidenced by lower robustness.

灵长类动物的前额叶皮层具有不同的进化历史，具有不同的发育阶段。眼窝前额叶皮层（PFo）的颗粒区在灵长类动物的进化早期就出现了，而其他颗粒区，如背外侧（PFdl）和极地（PFp）区域，在类人猿的发展过程中进化较晚。本研究探讨了PFp、PFdl和PFo之间的功能差异，重点研究了它们的编码机制，特别是在鲁棒性和效率方面。效率是用“对比熵”来估计的，对比熵被定义为由预期理论最大值归一化的神经元峰值活动的熵，而鲁棒性是用同一区域内神经元之间活动的同步性来估计的。我们的研究表明，与PFo相比，PFp和PFdl具有更高的信息容量，反映了高效的编码。相反，PFo表现出更高的鲁棒性，这表明效率和鲁棒性之间的权衡关系与不同的进化阶段相一致。新合并的颗粒状前额皮质区域，即PFp和PFdl，似乎以可靠性为代价采用了更高效的神经编码，鲁棒性较低。

{"title":"Efficiency and robustness in three cortical areas: frontal pole cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex","authors":"Davide Cipollini , Fabrizio Londei , Satoshi Tsujimoto , Francesco Ceccarelli , Aldo Genovesio","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.12.047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.12.047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The prefrontal cortex in primates has a diverse evolutionary history, characterized by distinct phases of development. Granular regions of the orbital prefrontal cortex (PFo) emerged early in primate evolution, while other granular areas, such as the dorsolateral (PFdl) and polar (PFp) regions, evolved later during anthropoid development. This study explored the functional differences among PFp, PFdl, and PFo in macaque monkeys, focusing on their coding mechanisms, specifically regarding robustness and efficiency. Efficiency was estimated using the ‘contrast entropy’, defined as the entropy of the neuronal spiking activity normalized by the expected theoretical maximum, whereas robustness was estimated as the synchrony of activity between neurons within the same area. Our investigation revealed that PFp and PFdl show superior information capacity, reflecting efficient coding compared to PFo. Conversely, PFo exhibited higher robustness, suggesting a trade-off relationship between efficiency and robustness consistent with distinct evolutionary stages. The newly incorporated granular prefrontal cortex regions, namely PFp and PFdl, appear to employ a more highly efficient neural code at the expense of reliability, as evidenced by lower robustness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"594 ","pages":"Pages 240-250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145794239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antidepressants as modulators of P2X7 receptor activity 抗抑郁药作为P2X7受体活性的调节剂。

IF 2.8 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.12.042

Vitor Nascimento Vidal , Guilherme Pegas Teixeira , Juliana Vieira Faria , Jonathas Albertino de Souza Oliveira , Murilo Lamim Bello , Leandro Rocha , Robson Xavier Faria

According to the Pan American Health Organization, more than 300 million people suffer from depression worldwide. Despite the alarming numbers, current drug treatments produce partial results, as they focus on only one pillar of depression: neurotransmitters. Most current medications for depression focus only on stimulating increased levels of neurotransmitters related to feelings of well-being and happiness, such as serotonin and norepinephrine, which, despite providing relief, do not produce such impressive results for patients. A significant and scientifically endorsed point regarding depression is neuroinflammation. The relationship between inflammation in the body and the development or worsening of depression has been strongly reinforced by neuroscientific studies. Studies have also shown that depressed patients have increased levels of inflammatory cytokines. Antidepressants have already demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity, stimulating the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and reducing the production of oxidative radicals, as in the case of fluoxetine and paroxetine. In depression, P2X7 receptor expression is increased. This receptor is activated, and greater expression produces a depressive phenotype, while its blockade has antidepressant effects. Therefore, we evaluated the in-silico interaction between antidepressants and the allosteric site of the P2X7 receptor. This finding reinforces the functional data in the literature that point to the inhibition of the P2X7 receptor. The molecular docking results showed that drugs containing the amino acids TYR295 and PHE95 are essential for a good interaction with the P2X7 receptor at its allosteric site. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that combining antidepressants with p2x7 receptor antagonists can attenuate neuroinflammation.

根据泛美卫生组织的数据，全世界有超过3亿人患有抑郁症。尽管这些数字令人担忧，但目前的药物治疗只产生了部分效果，因为它们只关注抑郁症的一个支柱：神经递质。目前大多数治疗抑郁症的药物只专注于刺激与幸福感相关的神经递质水平的增加，如血清素和去甲肾上腺素，尽管它们能起到缓解作用，但对病人来说并没有产生如此令人印象深刻的效果。关于抑郁症，一个重要且科学认可的观点是神经炎症。神经科学研究有力地证实了身体炎症与抑郁症发展或恶化之间的关系。研究还表明，抑郁症患者的炎性细胞因子水平升高。抗抑郁药已经显示出抗炎活性，刺激抗炎细胞因子的产生，减少氧化自由基的产生，如氟西汀和帕罗西汀。在抑郁症中，P2X7受体表达增加。这种受体被激活，更大的表达产生抑郁表型，而其阻断具有抗抑郁作用。因此，我们评估了抗抑郁药与P2X7受体变构位点之间的硅内相互作用。这一发现加强了文献中指出P2X7受体抑制的功能数据。分子对接结果表明，含有TYR295和PHE95氨基酸的药物是与P2X7受体在其变压位点良好相互作用所必需的。此外，本研究表明，抗抑郁药与p2x7受体拮抗剂联合使用可以减轻神经炎症。

{"title":"Antidepressants as modulators of P2X7 receptor activity","authors":"Vitor Nascimento Vidal , Guilherme Pegas Teixeira , Juliana Vieira Faria , Jonathas Albertino de Souza Oliveira , Murilo Lamim Bello , Leandro Rocha , Robson Xavier Faria","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.12.042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.12.042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>According to the Pan American Health Organization, more than 300 million people suffer from depression worldwide. Despite the alarming numbers, current drug treatments produce partial results, as they focus on only one pillar of depression: neurotransmitters. Most current medications for depression focus only on stimulating increased levels of neurotransmitters related to feelings of well-being and happiness, such as serotonin and norepinephrine, which, despite providing relief, do not produce such impressive results for patients. A significant and scientifically endorsed point regarding depression is neuroinflammation. The relationship between inflammation in the body and the development or worsening of depression has been strongly reinforced by neuroscientific studies. Studies have also shown that depressed patients have increased levels of inflammatory cytokines. Antidepressants have already demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity, stimulating the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and reducing the production of oxidative radicals, as in the case of fluoxetine and paroxetine. In depression, P2X7 receptor expression is increased. This receptor is activated, and greater expression produces a depressive phenotype, while its blockade has antidepressant effects. Therefore, we evaluated the in-silico interaction between antidepressants and the allosteric site of the P2X7 receptor. This finding reinforces the functional data in the literature that point to the inhibition of the P2X7 receptor. The molecular docking results showed that drugs containing the amino acids TYR295 and PHE95 are essential for a good interaction with the P2X7 receptor at its allosteric site. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that combining antidepressants with p2x7 receptor antagonists can attenuate neuroinflammation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"595 ","pages":"Pages 130-137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145794258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Classification of EEG-fNIRS bimodal brain signals for motor imagery tasks based on wavelet transform and spatio-temporal domain processing 基于小波变换和时空处理的运动想象任务脑电fnirs双峰信号分类

IF 2.8 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.12.036

Lingyue Zhang, Baojiang Li, Manliang Cao, Cheng Peng, Haiyan Wang

The fusion of Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) provides richer neural information for brain–computer interface decoding. However, due to their distinct physiological mechanisms and heterogeneous temporal and statistical properties, EEG and fNIRS are difficult to temporally align and to project into a shared latent representation. To address this challenge, we propose BiCAT, a lightweight bimodal decoding framework that integrates wavelet-based preprocessing, artifact-aware time-domain refinement, and early feature-level fusion with a compact Transformer encoder. Wavelet transform is first applied to separate signal and noise components across frequency bands, after which spatio-temporal domain processing suppresses motion and physiological artifacts while preserving task-relevant patterns. The cleaned EEG and fNIRS features are concatenated and fed into a single-encoder Transformer, where joint self-attention captures salient temporal cues within each segment.BiCAT is evaluated on two publicly available EEG–fNIRS datasets covering motor imagery (MI), mental arithmetic (MA), and word generation (WG) tasks. The model achieves 93.41 % accuracy on MI, outperforming the strongest unimodal baseline (fNIRS) by 4.39 percentage points. On MA and WG, BiCAT attains 96.47 % and 96.41 % accuracy, corresponding to gains of 10.39 and 3.86 points over the best unimodal fNIRS and HbR baselines, respectively. Despite having only 111 k parameters, BiCAT performs competitively with representative multimodal fusion methods on the same benchmarks. These results demonstrate that BiCAT provides effective bimodal feature integration and robust performance across multiple EEG–fNIRS tasks while maintaining low computational complexity.

脑电（EEG）与功能近红外光谱（fNIRS）的融合为脑机接口解码提供了丰富的神经信息。然而，由于其不同的生理机制和异质性的时间和统计特性，EEG和fNIRS很难在时间上对齐并投射到一个共享的潜在表征中。为了应对这一挑战，我们提出了BiCAT，这是一个轻量级的双峰解码框架，它集成了基于小波的预处理、伪像感知的时域细化和早期特征级融合，以及一个紧凑的Transformer编码器。首先应用小波变换分离各频段的信号和噪声成分，然后进行时空处理，在保留任务相关模式的同时抑制运动和生理伪影。清洗后的EEG和fNIRS特征被连接并输入到单编码器变压器中，其中联合自注意捕获每个片段中的显著时间线索。BiCAT在两个公开可用的EEG-fNIRS数据集上进行评估，包括运动图像（MI）、心算（MA）和单词生成（WG）任务。该模型在MI上的准确率达到93.41 %，比最强单峰基线（fNIRS）高出4.39个百分点。在MA和WG上，BiCAT的准确率分别达到96.47 %和96.41 %，比最佳单峰fNIRS和HbR基线分别提高10.39和3.86点。尽管只有111个 k参数，BiCAT在相同的基准测试中与代表性的多模态融合方法具有竞争力。这些结果表明，BiCAT在保持低计算复杂度的同时，在多个EEG-fNIRS任务中提供了有效的双峰特征集成和稳健的性能。

{"title":"Classification of EEG-fNIRS bimodal brain signals for motor imagery tasks based on wavelet transform and spatio-temporal domain processing","authors":"Lingyue Zhang, Baojiang Li, Manliang Cao, Cheng Peng, Haiyan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.12.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.12.036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fusion of Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) provides richer neural information for brain–computer interface decoding. However, due to their distinct physiological mechanisms and heterogeneous temporal and statistical properties, EEG and fNIRS are difficult to temporally align and to project into a shared latent representation. To address this challenge, we propose BiCAT, a lightweight bimodal decoding framework that integrates wavelet-based preprocessing, artifact-aware time-domain refinement, and early feature-level fusion with a compact Transformer encoder. Wavelet transform is first applied to separate signal and noise components across frequency bands, after which spatio-temporal domain processing suppresses motion and physiological artifacts while preserving task-relevant patterns. The cleaned EEG and fNIRS features are concatenated and fed into a single-encoder Transformer, where joint self-attention captures salient temporal cues within each segment.BiCAT is evaluated on two publicly available EEG–fNIRS datasets covering motor imagery (MI), mental arithmetic (MA), and word generation (WG) tasks. The model achieves 93.41 % accuracy on MI, outperforming the strongest unimodal baseline (fNIRS) by 4.39 percentage points. On MA and WG, BiCAT attains 96.47 % and 96.41 % accuracy, corresponding to gains of 10.39 and 3.86 points over the best unimodal fNIRS and HbR baselines, respectively. Despite having only 111 k parameters, BiCAT performs competitively with representative multimodal fusion methods on the same benchmarks. These results demonstrate that BiCAT provides effective bimodal feature integration and robust performance across multiple EEG–fNIRS tasks while maintaining low computational complexity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"594 ","pages":"Pages 42-57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145781527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Formononetin attenuates LPS-induced neuroinflammation and depressive-like behaviors by regulating the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in the hippocampus 刺芒柄花素通过调节海马的Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1通路，减轻lps诱导的神经炎症和抑郁样行为。

IF 2.8 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.12.037

Siqi Quan , Mengyuan Li , Zhouli Yue , Hui Liu , Shuaijun Peng , Roujia Guo , Xiaoyan Fang , Yucheng Li

Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are major pathogenic drivers of depression, with the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway serving as a key regulator of both processes. Formononetin (FMN) is a naturally occurring isoflavone with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities; however, its potential to exert antidepressant effects through activation of this pathway has not been investigated. In this study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) was used to induce neuroinflammation and depressive-like behaviors in mice, and FMN (20 or 40 mg/kg) was administered for seven days prior to LPS challenge. FMN dose-dependently alleviated LPS-induced behavioral deficits, including reduced sucrose preference, decreased locomotor activity, and prolonged immobility in the tail suspension test. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Nissl staining revealed that FMN markedly attenuated LPS-induced hippocampal neuronal damage. FMN also inhibited microglial activation, as evidenced by reduced Iba-1 expression, decreased NF-κB phosphorylation, and downregulation of both mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. Furthermore, LPS-induced lipid peroxidation was significantly attenuated, as indicated by lower levels of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). Molecular docking suggested a potential direct interaction between FMN and Keap1, while Western blot analysis confirmed that FMN downregulated Keap1 and upregulated Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that FMN alleviates LPS-induced neuroinflammation and depressive-like behaviors, likely through activating the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, supporting its potential as a preventive candidate for inflammation-associated depression.

神经炎症和氧化应激是抑郁症的主要致病因素，而Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1通路是这两个过程的关键调节因子。芒柄花素（FMN）是一种天然存在的异黄酮，具有抗炎和抗氧化活性；然而，其通过激活该通路发挥抗抑郁作用的潜力尚未被研究。在本研究中，用脂多糖（LPS, 1 mg/kg, i.p.）诱导小鼠神经炎症和抑郁样行为，并在LPS攻击前7天给予FMN（20或40 mg/kg）。FMN剂量依赖性地减轻了lps诱导的行为缺陷，包括降低蔗糖偏好，降低运动活动，延长尾悬试验中的不动时间。苏木精-伊红（HE）和尼氏染色显示FMN明显减轻lps诱导的海马神经元损伤。FMN还能抑制小胶质细胞的激活，这可以通过降低Iba-1的表达、降低NF-κB的磷酸化以及下调IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6等促炎细胞因子的mRNA和蛋白水平来证明。此外，通过降低4-羟基壬烯醛（4-HNE）水平，lps诱导的脂质过氧化显著减弱。分子对接提示FMN与Keap1之间可能存在直接相互作用，Western blot分析证实FMN下调Keap1，上调Nrf2和HO-1蛋白的表达。总的来说，这些发现表明，FMN可能通过激活Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1通路，减轻了lps诱导的神经炎症和抑郁样行为，支持其作为炎症相关抑郁的预防性候选药物的潜力。

{"title":"Formononetin attenuates LPS-induced neuroinflammation and depressive-like behaviors by regulating the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in the hippocampus","authors":"Siqi Quan , Mengyuan Li , Zhouli Yue , Hui Liu , Shuaijun Peng , Roujia Guo , Xiaoyan Fang , Yucheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.12.037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.12.037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are major pathogenic drivers of depression, with the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway serving as a key regulator of both processes. Formononetin (FMN) is a naturally occurring isoflavone with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities; however, its potential to exert antidepressant effects through activation of this pathway has not been investigated. In this study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) was used to induce neuroinflammation and depressive-like behaviors in mice, and FMN (20 or 40 mg/kg) was administered for seven days prior to LPS challenge. FMN dose-dependently alleviated LPS-induced behavioral deficits, including reduced sucrose preference, decreased locomotor activity, and prolonged immobility in the tail suspension test. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Nissl staining revealed that FMN markedly attenuated LPS-induced hippocampal neuronal damage. FMN also inhibited microglial activation, as evidenced by reduced Iba-1 expression, decreased NF-κB phosphorylation, and downregulation of both mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. Furthermore, LPS-induced lipid peroxidation was significantly attenuated, as indicated by lower levels of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). Molecular docking suggested a potential direct interaction between FMN and Keap1, while Western blot analysis confirmed that FMN downregulated Keap1 and upregulated Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that FMN alleviates LPS-induced neuroinflammation and depressive-like behaviors, likely through activating the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, supporting its potential as a preventive candidate for inflammation-associated depression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"594 ","pages":"Pages 66-76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145781490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “A review of the TGF-β1 pathway in Alzheimer’s disease and depression: Possible restoration potential of antidepressants” [Neuroscience 585 (2025) 429–440] “TGF-β1通路在阿尔茨海默病和抑郁症中的回顾：抗抑郁药的可能恢复潜力”[Neuroscience] 585(2025) 429-440]的更正。

IF 2.8 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.12.006

Eleni Ioannidou , Theofanis Vavilis , Zisis Bourtzos , Eleni Stamoula

引用次数: 0

Breaking boundaries: Dopamine’s role in prediction error, salient novelty, and memory reconsolidation 打破界限：多巴胺在预测错误、显著新奇性和记忆再巩固中的作用。

IF 2.8 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.12.038

Olivia S. O’Neill, Boyer D. Winters

For memories to remain relevant and adaptive over the lifespan, modifications under specific conditions are required. Memory reconsolidation theory suggests that when a memory is reactivated, it can become labile, a state known as destabilization. This process is regulated by complex and dynamic neurobiological changes representing biological boundary conditions, which likely protect important memories from undergoing unnecessary or potentially maladaptive modifications. External cues, such as prediction error or other forms of salient novel information, can promote destabilization of these resistant memory traces. Accordingly, various neurobiological mechanisms related to the signaling of prediction errors and salient novelty have been implicated in overcoming boundary conditions, permitting memory modification. Here, we review the existing literature regarding the mechanisms for overcoming biological boundary conditions, with specific focus on the role of the neurotransmitter dopamine and its well documented functions related to prediction error, novelty detection, and memory reconsolidation. We aim to describe the nuanced role of dopamine in these processes as it pertains to destabilizing modification-resistant memories, highlight potential interactions with alternate neurotransmitter systems for this process, and bridge findings from reward learning and novelty processing to convey a holistic view of dopamine’s role in memory reconsolidation more broadly.

为了使记忆在整个生命周期中保持相关性和适应性，需要在特定条件下进行修改。记忆再巩固理论认为，当记忆被重新激活时，它会变得不稳定，这种状态被称为不稳定。这一过程受到复杂和动态的神经生物学变化的调节，这些变化代表了生物边界条件，可能保护重要的记忆免受不必要的或潜在的不适应的修改。外部线索，如预测错误或其他形式的显著新信息，可以促进这些抵抗记忆痕迹的不稳定。因此，与预测错误和显著新颖性信号相关的各种神经生物学机制涉及克服边界条件，允许记忆修改。在此，我们回顾了关于克服生物边界条件机制的现有文献，特别关注神经递质多巴胺的作用及其与预测误差、新颖性检测和记忆再巩固相关的功能。我们的目标是描述多巴胺在这些过程中的微妙作用，因为它与不稳定的修改抵抗记忆有关，强调与替代神经递质系统在这一过程中的潜在相互作用，并将奖励学习和新奇处理的发现联系起来，以更广泛地传达多巴胺在记忆再巩固中的作用的整体观点。

{"title":"Breaking boundaries: Dopamine’s role in prediction error, salient novelty, and memory reconsolidation","authors":"Olivia S. O’Neill, Boyer D. Winters","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.12.038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.12.038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For memories to remain relevant and adaptive over the lifespan, modifications under specific conditions are required. Memory reconsolidation theory suggests that when a memory is reactivated, it can become labile, a state known as destabilization. This process is regulated by complex and dynamic neurobiological changes representing biological boundary conditions, which likely protect important memories from undergoing unnecessary or potentially maladaptive modifications. External cues, such as prediction error or other forms of salient novel information, can promote destabilization of these resistant memory traces. Accordingly, various neurobiological mechanisms related to the signaling of prediction errors and salient novelty have been implicated in overcoming boundary conditions, permitting memory modification. Here, we review the existing literature regarding the mechanisms for overcoming biological boundary conditions, with specific focus on the role of the neurotransmitter dopamine and its well documented functions related to prediction error, novelty detection, and memory reconsolidation. We aim to describe the nuanced role of dopamine in these processes as it pertains to destabilizing modification-resistant memories, highlight potential interactions with alternate neurotransmitter systems for this process, and bridge findings from reward learning and novelty processing to convey a holistic view of dopamine’s role in memory reconsolidation more broadly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"594 ","pages":"Pages 31-41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145781513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The brain signs of wear and tear: Chronic stress associated alpha oscillations in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex lead to fatigue 大脑磨损的迹象：慢性应激相关的前扣带皮层α振荡导致疲劳。

IF 2.8 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.12.020

Sven Vanneste , Jan Ost , Dirk De Ridder

Chronic stress or distress exerts profound effects on brain function, particularly in regions involved in emotion regulation and cognitive control. Here, we investigate the relationship between chronic stress, alpha oscillatory activity in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC), and fatigue in a large cohort (n = 589) comprising both healthy individuals and patients with neurological or psychiatric disorders. Using resting-state EEG, we identify a negative correlation between stress-related increases in pgACC alpha oscillations and the severity of fatigue. These findings suggest that chronic stress disrupts normal inhibitory control within the pgACC, potentially leading to heightened energy demands and fatigue. Our results advance the understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying stress-related fatigue and highlight pgACC alpha oscillations as a potential biomarker for assessing chronic stress effects on brain function.

长期的压力或痛苦会对大脑功能产生深远的影响，特别是在涉及情绪调节和认知控制的区域。在这里，我们研究了慢性应激、出生前前扣带皮层(pgACC) α振荡活动和疲劳之间的关系，研究对象包括健康个体和神经或精神疾病患者（n = 589）。通过静息状态脑电图，我们发现压力相关的pgACC α振荡增加与疲劳程度之间存在负相关。这些发现表明，慢性压力破坏了pgACC内正常的抑制控制，可能导致能量需求增加和疲劳。我们的研究结果促进了对应激相关疲劳的神经机制的理解，并强调了pgACC α振荡作为评估慢性应激对脑功能影响的潜在生物标志物。

引用次数: 0

Neuroanatomical-based machine learning prediction of Alzheimer’s Disease across sex and age 基于神经解剖学的机器学习预测阿尔茨海默病的性别和年龄。

IF 2.8 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.12.030

Bhaavin K. Jogeshwar, Senbao Lu, Benjamin C. Nephew

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss. In 2024 it affected approximately 1 in 9 people aged 65 and older in the U.S., 6.9 million individuals. Early detection and accurate AD diagnosis are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a valuable tool for examining brain structure and identifying potential AD biomarkers. This study performs predictive analyses by employing machine learning techniques to identify key brain regions associated with AD using numerical data derived from anatomical MRI scans, going beyond standard statistical methods. Using the Random Forest Algorithm, we achieved 92.87 % accuracy in detecting AD from Mild Cognitive Impairment and Cognitive Normals. Subgroup analyses across nine sex- and age-based cohorts (69–76 years, 77–84 years, and unified 69–84 years) revealed the hippocampus, amygdala, and entorhinal cortex as con– sistent top-rank predictors. These regions showed distinct volume reductions across age and sex groups, reflecting distinct age- and sex-related neuroanatomical patterns. Younger males and females (aged 69–76) exhibited volume decreases in the right hippocampus, suggesting its importance in the early stages of AD. Older males (77–84) showed substantial volume decreases in the left inferior temporal cortex. The left middle temporal cortex showed decreased volume in females, suggesting a potential female-specific influence, while the right entorhinal cortex may have a male-specific impact. These age-specific sex differences could inform clinical research and treatment strategies, aiding in identifying neuroanatomical markers and therapeutic targets for future clinical interventions.

阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种以认知能力下降和记忆丧失为特征的进行性神经退行性疾病。2024年，在美国65岁及以上的人中，大约有九分之一的人患有此病，共有690万人。早期发现和准确诊断阿尔茨海默病对改善患者预后至关重要。磁共振成像（MRI）已成为检查大脑结构和识别潜在AD生物标志物的有价值的工具。本研究采用机器学习技术进行预测分析，利用解剖学MRI扫描得出的数值数据识别与AD相关的关键大脑区域，超越了标准的统计方法。使用随机森林算法，我们在轻度认知障碍和认知正常人群中检测AD的准确率达到92.87 %。九个基于性别和年龄的队列（69-76 岁，77-84 岁和统一的69-84 岁）的亚组分析显示，海马体，杏仁核和内嗅皮层是一致的顶级预测因子。这些区域在不同的年龄和性别群体中显示出明显的体积减少，反映了不同的年龄和性别相关的神经解剖模式。年轻男性和女性（69-76岁）表现出右侧海马体体积减少，表明其在阿尔茨海默病早期的重要性。老年男性（77-84岁）左侧下颞叶皮层体积明显减少。女性左侧中颞叶皮层体积减小，表明可能有女性特有的影响，而右侧内嗅皮层可能有男性特有的影响。这些年龄特异性的性别差异可以为临床研究和治疗策略提供信息，有助于确定神经解剖学标记和未来临床干预的治疗靶点。

{"title":"Neuroanatomical-based machine learning prediction of Alzheimer’s Disease across sex and age","authors":"Bhaavin K. Jogeshwar, Senbao Lu, Benjamin C. Nephew","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.12.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.12.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss. In 2024 it affected approximately 1 in 9 people aged 65 and older in the U.S., 6.9 million individuals. Early detection and accurate AD diagnosis are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a valuable tool for examining brain structure and identifying potential AD biomarkers. This study performs predictive analyses by employing machine learning techniques to identify key brain regions associated with AD using numerical data derived from anatomical MRI scans, going beyond standard statistical methods. Using the Random Forest Algorithm, we achieved 92.87 % accuracy in detecting AD from Mild Cognitive Impairment and Cognitive Normals. Subgroup analyses across nine sex- and age-based cohorts (69–76 years, 77–84 years, and unified 69–84 years) revealed the hippocampus, amygdala, and entorhinal cortex as con– sistent top-rank predictors. These regions showed distinct volume reductions across age and sex groups, reflecting distinct age- and sex-related neuroanatomical patterns. Younger males and females (aged 69–76) exhibited volume decreases in the right hippocampus, suggesting its importance in the early stages of AD. Older males (77–84) showed substantial volume decreases in the left inferior temporal cortex. The left middle temporal cortex showed decreased volume in females, suggesting a potential female-specific influence, while the right entorhinal cortex may have a male-specific impact. These age-specific sex differences could inform clinical research and treatment strategies, aiding in identifying neuroanatomical markers and therapeutic targets for future clinical interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"594 ","pages":"Pages 95-112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145768727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0