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The extrajudicial digital: Disconnection as a legacy of institutional control 法外数字:作为制度控制遗产的脱节
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1177/14614448251383854
Muira McCammon
In May 2010, the U.S. Public Affairs Office of the Joint Task Force of Guantánamo (JTF-GTMO) joined many other federal institutions in opening an official Twitter account (@JTFGTMO), but by May 2019, it was gone; the account, deactivated. This research builds upon the premise that carceral authority is exerted not only through speech itself but also erasure, which can decentralize the networked power of government spokespeople. This article importantly advances a method for procuring social media data by decentering corporate regimes of records management and focusing on the archival potential of the U.S. Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) as a way of studying disconnective practices of the U.S. national security state. Drawing on a multimodal corpus of archived deleted tweets, internal administrative records, and a FOIA response letter, the article traces disconnection as a staged institutional process rather than a single act of withdrawal. This empirical approach garners an analysis of how the JTF-GTMO steadily attempted to sever much of its networked communication, initially through deletion of individually published messages and later through the total deactivation of its Twitter and Facebook accounts. The study ultimately contributes to ongoing research on national security, public memory, and platform power by proposing a counter-archival method that can be adapted across a number of jurisdictions.
2010年5月,美国联合特遣部队公共事务办公室Guantánamo (JTF-GTMO)与许多其他联邦机构一起开设了一个官方推特账号(@JTFGTMO),但到2019年5月,它就消失了;该帐户已停用。本研究建立在这样一个前提之上,即专制权威不仅通过言论本身发挥作用,而且还可以通过删除来发挥作用,这可以分散政府发言人的网络权力。本文重要地提出了一种获取社交媒体数据的方法,通过分散公司的记录管理制度,并将重点放在美国信息自由法案(FOIA)的档案潜力上,作为研究美国国家安全状态的分离实践的一种方式。文章以被删除的推文存档、内部行政记录和《信息自由法》回应信等多种形式的语料为依据,将“断网”视为一个阶段性的制度过程,而非单一的退出行为。这种实证方法分析了JTF-GTMO如何稳步地试图切断其大部分网络通信,最初是通过删除个人发布的消息,后来是通过完全停用其Twitter和Facebook账户。该研究最终通过提出一种可在多个司法管辖区适用的反存档方法,为正在进行的关于国家安全、公共记忆和平台权力的研究做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
What does the news say about Siri, Alexa, and co.? A topic model network analysis of Dutch news messages about virtual assistants between 2011 and 2022 新闻里怎么说Siri、Alexa等等?2011年至2022年间荷兰虚拟助理新闻消息的主题模型网络分析
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1177/14614448251413694
Rebecca Wald, Theo Araujo, Johanna MF van Oosten, Jessica T Piotrowski
News media can shape public perceptions of technology and meaningfully inform research on technology adoption. Yet, little is known about the news representations of a currently emerging technology: Virtual Assistants (VAs). By examining the Dutch news coverage (2011–2022; N = 2059) using the Analysis of Topic Model Networks, this study found that (1) news attention peaked in 2019 with a decline in the years thereafter (until 2022) and (2) discourse shifted from personal impact frames (niche interest) to societal impact frames (broader relevance). Findings inform media effect studies on VA adoption by illustrating what people might be learning about VAs.
新闻媒体可以塑造公众对技术的看法,并为有关技术采用的研究提供有意义的信息。然而,人们对一项新兴技术的新闻表示知之甚少:虚拟助理(VAs)。通过使用主题模型网络分析研究荷兰新闻报道(2011-2022;N = 2059),本研究发现:(1)新闻关注在2019年达到顶峰,此后几年(直到2022年)有所下降;(2)话语从个人影响框架(利基兴趣)转向社会影响框架(更广泛的相关性)。研究结果通过说明人们可能了解到的关于虚拟货币的信息,为媒体对虚拟货币采用的影响研究提供了信息。
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引用次数: 0
On the Internet no-one knows you’re not a bot: ‘Botting’ on Reddit as participatory culture 在互联网上,没有人知道你不是一个机器人:Reddit上的“bot”是一种参与性文化
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1177/14614448251409210
Timothy Graham, Dominique Carlon
Repetitive online communication is often labelled a ‘bot problem’ by platforms, policymakers and users. However, repetitive posting does not exclusively indicate automation; humans also engage in bot-like posting for various purposes. We adopt the term ‘botting’ to describe repetitive posting enacted through manual, semi-automated, or fully automated means. While emerging research has linked manual botting practices to commercial or fame-seeking motivations, we extend this scholarship by examining botting on Reddit – a pseudonymous platform that lacks the affordances typically associated with monetisation or personal branding. Through a mixed-methods analysis, we examine a case study in which mass-scale, repetitive posting of the mushroom emoji emerged as ‘in-group’ behaviour within Reddit’s participatory culture, prompting a performative counterpublic response. Our findings challenge the binary between human and automated posting, and underscore the importance of situating research on AI-generated and automated content within the cultural and contextual frameworks that shape its production and reception.
重复的在线交流经常被平台、政策制定者和用户贴上“机器人问题”的标签。但是,重复发帖并不完全表示自动化;人类也会出于各种目的进行类似机器人的发帖。我们采用术语“机器人”来描述通过手动、半自动化或全自动方式制定的重复发布。尽管新兴研究已将人工投注行为与商业或追求名利的动机联系起来,但我们通过研究Reddit上的投注来扩展这一研究。Reddit是一个匿名平台,缺乏通常与货币化或个人品牌相关的功能。通过混合方法分析,我们研究了一个案例研究,在这个案例研究中,大规模、重复发布蘑菇表情符号成为Reddit参与文化中的“群内”行为,引发了一种行为性的反公众反应。我们的研究结果挑战了人工发布和自动发布之间的二元对立,并强调了将人工智能生成和自动发布的内容研究置于塑造其生产和接受的文化和语境框架中的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
‘Put it away! Put it away!’: Negotiating smartphone norms in performing arts “把它收起来!”把它收起来!:就表演艺术中的智能手机规范进行谈判
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1177/14614448251410967
Gunn Enli
This article examines the complex presence of smartphones during performances, focussing on how audiences, performers and managers navigate the tensions between digital connectivity and the need for immersive attention. Drawing on qualitative interviews with theatre professionals in Norway and ethnographic observations in Oslo, London and New York, the study demonstrates how social norms surrounding smartphone use are negotiated in different cultural contexts. The analysis highlights key tensions and dilemmas: audiences balance personal documentation with collective immersion, managers weigh promotional visibility against aesthetic disruption and performers experience interruptions that alter the sensory and affective dynamics of liveness. Extending Fischer-Lichte’s concept of the autopoietic feedback loop, the article proposes the concept of a ‘hybrid feedback loop’, in which audience responses circulate simultaneously through embodied co-presence and digitally mediated attention. This theoretical reframing captures how digital devices reconfigure the ecology of performance, reshaping how liveness is produced, perceived and policed in contemporary cultural institutions.
本文研究了智能手机在演出中的复杂存在,重点关注观众、表演者和经理如何在数字连接和身临其境的注意力需求之间寻找平衡点。通过对挪威戏剧专业人士的定性访谈和在奥斯陆、伦敦和纽约的人种学观察,该研究展示了在不同的文化背景下,围绕智能手机使用的社会规范是如何协商的。分析强调了关键的紧张关系和困境:观众在个人记录和集体沉浸之间取得平衡,管理人员在宣传可见性和审美中断之间进行权衡,表演者经历的中断改变了生活的感官和情感动态。本文扩展了Fischer-Lichte的自创生反馈回路概念,提出了“混合反馈回路”的概念,即观众的反应通过具体的共同存在和数字媒介的注意力同时循环。这种理论重构捕捉到了数字设备如何重新配置表演生态,重塑了当代文化机构中如何产生、感知和管理活力。
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引用次数: 0
Mapping the moral domain in a modern town hall: Moral foundations’ effects on collective action conditioned by ideology and issue 绘制现代市政厅的道德领域:受意识形态和议题制约的道德基础对集体行动的影响
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1177/14614448251413686
Emily A Haines, Emma F Thomas, Christina Stothard, David Kernot, Morgana Lizzio-Wilson, Irene Caminschi, Rohit Ram, Marian-Andrei Rizoiu
We examine a year of political debate in a modern town hall to understand the following: when does moral talk turn to talk about action? For which ideological groupings do specific moral foundations matter and in the context of which issues? We analysed 210,170 tweets about the Australian television programme Q&A – a panel show with synchronous live and online audiences. We examined the topics, prevalence of different moralities and how these moralities explain talk of collective action for different ideological groups. Across all issues and ideological groups, talk of action was most often associated with talk of authority but ideological differences between left- and right-leaning participants emerged. Among left-leaning people, action was motivated by a range of moral foundations, but among right-leaning people action was primarily motivated by authority. Our findings map the ideological diversity found within modern town halls and confirm the critical role of these settings in contemporary socio-political life.
我们研究了一个现代市政厅一年的政治辩论,以理解以下问题:什么时候谈论道德转向谈论行动?具体的道德基础对哪些意识形态群体重要,在哪些问题的背景下重要?我们分析了210,170条关于澳大利亚电视节目Q&;A的推文。Q&;A是一个有同步直播和在线观众的小组节目。我们研究了主题,不同道德的流行,以及这些道德如何解释不同意识形态群体的集体行动。在所有问题和意识形态群体中,谈论行动最常与谈论权威联系在一起,但左倾和右倾参与者之间的意识形态差异出现了。在左倾人群中,行为的动机是一系列的道德基础,而在右倾人群中,行为的动机主要是权威。我们的研究结果描绘了现代市政厅内的意识形态多样性,并证实了这些环境在当代社会政治生活中的关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
The look of “Aww”: Emotional transcoding in GIF repositories on digital media platforms “哇”的表情:在数字媒体平台的GIF存储库中进行情感转码
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1177/14614448251413708
Sara Kopelman
While GIFs (Graphics Interchange Format) have been studied as digital communication tools, their repositories – these databases of visual expressions – remain largely unexamined as sites that generate emotional expressions across different modes of communication. This research introduces the concept of “emotional transcoding,” examining how it operates in major repositories Giphy and Tenor through the conversion of paralinguistic vocal expressions – auditory reactions like “aww,” “duh,” and “wow” – into visual representations within silent GIF formats. Through multimodal analysis, this study documents the semiotic strategies involved in emotional transcoding, revealing systematic patterns for visually encoding auditory emotional expressions. Using qualitative content analysis of 1000 GIFs, this study identifies the visual techniques used in cross-modal conversion and analyzes the demographic patterns among performers who represent these expressions. The findings reveal how emotional transcoding operates through specific representational conventions and highlight questions about whose bodies become available as vehicles for emotional communication in digital platforms.
虽然gif(图形交换格式)作为数字交流工具已经被研究过,但它们的存储库——这些视觉表达的数据库——在很大程度上仍然没有被研究过,因为它们是在不同的交流模式中产生情感表达的网站。这项研究引入了“情感转码”的概念,研究了它是如何在主要的信息库Giphy和Tenor中通过将副语言的声音表达(如“aww”、“duh”和“wow”等听觉反应)转换成无声GIF格式的视觉表示来运行的。通过多模态分析,本研究记录了情绪转码过程中涉及的符号学策略,揭示了听觉情绪表达的视觉编码系统模式。通过对1000张动图的定性内容分析,本研究确定了跨模态转换中使用的视觉技术,并分析了代表这些表情的表演者的人口统计模式。研究结果揭示了情感转码是如何通过特定的表征惯例运作的,并突出了关于谁的身体可以作为数字平台上情感交流的载体的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Leveling up: How users perceive, understand, and experience gamified elements in dating apps and how it shapes their dating scripts 升级:用户如何感知、理解和体验约会应用中的游戏化元素,以及它如何塑造他们的约会脚本
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1177/14614448251413709
Veronica Valente, Rita Sepúlveda, Jorge Vieira
Dating apps employ gamified structures (e.g., swipes, likes, matches) that reshape dating scripts by blending game-like elements into social interactions. This study explores users’ conceptualization of gamification, its impact on experiences, and dating scripts. Thirty-one semi-structured interviews (17 cisgender women, 14 cisgender men) were conducted in Portugal. Participants were current and former users with different sexual orientations and a diverse age range (18–34 years old), and predominantly Portuguese. The thematic analysis presented how users likened their dating app interactions to games, identifying specific gamified features, and describing their adaptation and engagement in strategic practices to enhance appeal. Despite the uniform platform system and rules, traditional gender scripts endure and dictate a binary dynamic where men are seen as initiators and women as selectors. The findings reveal tensions between gamification’s homogenizing effect and enduring socio-cultural scripts, illustrating how platform design affordances and social norms structure dating experiences.
约会应用采用游戏化的结构(游戏邦注:例如,滑动、点赞、匹配),通过将游戏元素融入社交互动,重塑约会脚本。本研究探讨了用户对游戏化的概念、对体验的影响以及约会脚本。在葡萄牙进行了31次半结构化访谈(17名顺性女性,14名顺性男性)。参与者是不同性取向和年龄范围(18-34岁)的当前和以前的使用者,主要是葡萄牙人。主题分析展示了用户如何将他们的约会应用互动比作游戏,识别特定的游戏化功能,并描述他们在提高吸引力的战略实践中的适应和参与。尽管有统一的平台系统和规则,传统的性别脚本仍然存在,并决定了一种二元动态,即男性被视为发起者,女性被视为选择者。研究结果揭示了游戏化的同质化效应和持久的社会文化脚本之间的紧张关系,说明了平台设计的功能和社会规范如何构建约会体验。
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引用次数: 0
From clicktivism to outsourced activism: Spectacle, dual outsourcing, and the connective logic in platform philanthropy 从点击行动主义到外包行动主义:奇观、双重外包和平台慈善中的关联逻辑
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1177/14614448251413710
Weiman Chen, Zhouyi Yao, Huilin Tan
In the digital age, philanthropy is increasingly mediated by platform microcelebrities who mobilize audiences for social good. This study examines the novel philanthropic model of YouTube creator Jimmy Donaldson as a case of outsourced activism , characterized by a dual-outsourcing structure: audiences transfer charitable intent and contributions (via attention-as-currency) to Donaldson, who acts as a central agent and then outsources execution to NGOs and collaborators. Using a mixed-methods design combining a walkthrough, multimodal discourse analysis of 101 videos, and topic modeling of 11,208 comments, we demonstrate how sentimental and digital spectacles sustain this process as tools for activism. The mechanism forms a new connective practice, creating a network of moral delegation and affective investment among audiences, creators, sponsors, and NGOs. Yet, it raises ethical concerns, including depoliticizing social issues and reinforcing unequal power relations. The study advances theories of media activism, connective action, and digital philanthropy by identifying a replicable logic that redefines agency, accountability, and civic participation in platform societies.
在数字时代,慈善事业越来越多地由平台微名人作为媒介,他们动员观众为社会公益而努力。本研究将YouTube创始人Jimmy Donaldson的新型慈善模式作为外包行动主义的一个案例,其特点是双重外包结构:观众将慈善意图和捐款(通过关注作为货币)转移给Donaldson, Donaldson作为中心代理,然后将执行外包给非政府组织和合作者。使用混合方法设计,结合演练,101个视频的多模态话语分析和11,208个评论的主题建模,我们展示了情感和数字眼镜如何维持这一过程作为行动主义的工具。这种机制形成了一种新的联系实践,在观众、创作者、赞助商和非政府组织之间建立了一个道德委托和情感投资的网络。然而,它引发了伦理问题,包括社会问题的非政治化和加强不平等的权力关系。该研究通过确定一个可复制的逻辑来重新定义平台社会中的机构、问责制和公民参与,从而推进了媒体行动主义、关联行动和数字慈善的理论。
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引用次数: 0
Perceived realism in VR as a multifaceted concept: Insights from interviews and focus groups with experts and non-experts 虚拟现实中的感知现实主义是一个多方面的概念:来自专家和非专家的访谈和焦点小组的见解
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1177/14614448251413691
David Walewijns, Michel Walrave, Wannes Heirman, Heidi Vandebosch
As virtual reality (VR) evolves as a narrative medium, its capacity to immerse users in realistic environments has attracted scholarly interest. This study investigates how users perceive realism in VR beyond sensory fidelity. Using 27 interviews and four focus groups with experts and non-experts (n = 77), we examine how realism in VR is conceptualized and experienced. Qualitative analysis identified 12 factors contributing to perceived realism, grouped into five overarching dimensions: immersion, presence, embodiment, involvement and external realism. Our findings indicate that realism is shaped not only by technological features such as graphical quality but also by factors such as emotional involvement, narrative consistency and perceived authenticity. The study advances theorizing on perceived realism by proposing a framework that integrates technological and experiential dimensions and offers a basis for developing scales to measure realism in VR. Current findings are also relevant for the responsible use of VR in persuasive contexts.
随着虚拟现实(VR)作为一种叙事媒介的发展,其将用户沉浸在现实环境中的能力引起了学术界的兴趣。本研究探讨了用户如何在VR中感知超越感官保真度的真实感。通过27次访谈和4个专家和非专家焦点小组(n = 77),我们研究了VR中的现实主义是如何概念化和体验的。定性分析确定了影响感知现实主义的12个因素,分为五个主要维度:沉浸、存在、体现、参与和外部现实主义。我们的研究结果表明,现实主义不仅受到图像质量等技术特征的影响,还受到情感投入、叙事一致性和感知真实性等因素的影响。该研究通过提出一个整合技术和经验维度的框架,推进了感知现实主义的理论化,并为开发衡量VR现实主义的尺度提供了基础。目前的研究结果也与在有说服力的环境中负责任地使用虚拟现实相关。
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引用次数: 0
Smartphone sharing with intimate partners in Australia: Characteristics and implications for cybersecurity 在澳大利亚与亲密伙伴共享智能手机:网络安全的特征和影响
IF 5 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1177/14614448251414006
Molly Dragiewicz, Jeffrey Ackerman, Marianne Haaland
This article reports findings from the first study to investigate smartphone sharing in intimate relationships in Australia. Efforts to strengthen cybersecurity have been hindered by a lack of knowledge about the prevalence and dynamics of smartphone sharing, resulting in blind spots in cybersecurity design and policy. Based on a survey of 967 Australian adults who use smartphones and have been in an intimate relationship, we found that 70% share access to their mobile phones with their intimate partners. This high rate of shared access indicates that one-user, one-device threat models are inadequate for promoting cybersecurity in realistic use conditions. Such models are particularly ill-suited to intimate relationship contexts where the parties are more likely to share devices than not. Our findings provide previously unavailable baseline information about mainstream smartphone-sharing practices. This evidence can be used to improve privacy protections for telecommunications users in Australia and elsewhere.
这篇文章报道了澳大利亚第一项调查亲密关系中智能手机共享的研究结果。由于缺乏对智能手机共享的普遍性和动态的了解,加强网络安全的努力受到阻碍,导致网络安全设计和政策存在盲点。根据对967名使用智能手机并处于亲密关系中的澳大利亚成年人的调查,我们发现70%的人与亲密伴侣共用手机。如此高的共享访问率表明,在现实使用条件下,单用户、单设备威胁模型不足以促进网络安全。这种模式尤其不适用于亲密关系,因为双方更有可能共享设备。我们的发现提供了以前无法获得的关于主流智能手机共享实践的基线信息。这些证据可以用来改善澳大利亚和其他地方电信用户的隐私保护。
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引用次数: 0
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