Nutrition & Metabolism最新文献

Background: Dietary fiber is inversely associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, the mechanistic pathways and the consistency of this association across key demographic strata remain quantitatively unclear, which hinders the development of precise public health guidance.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 7703 U.S. adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2010-2020). We employed survey-weighted logistic regression to assess the association between dietary fiber density (g/1000 kcal) and MetS (defined by NCEP-ATP III criteria). Mediation analysis was conducted to decompose the total association into pathways operating through systemic inflammation (log-transformed high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). We further evaluated effect modification by body mass index (BMI) categories.

Results: Each 1 g/1000 kcal increase in dietary fiber density was associated with a 4% reduction in the odds of MetS (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94-0.99). This inverse association was partially mediated by lower hs-CRP levels (proportion mediated: 7.4%, P = 0.023), with sensitivity analyses confirming robustness to additional lifestyle adjustments. The association was consistent across all BMI categories (interaction P > 0.62), suggesting homogeneous associations for normal-weight, overweight, and obese individuals.

Conclusions: In a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults, higher dietary fiber density is associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome. This association is partly explained by lower levels of systemic inflammation rather than by improvements in insulin resistance, and it is uniformly present across body weight statuses. These findings support the potential universal relevance of increasing fiber intake for MetS prevention and highlight anti-inflammatory pathways as a key area for mechanistic focus.

Background: Sex hormones are critical health determinants in both sexes. Some studies have found the association between sex hormones and all-cause mortality. However, the evidence of these association is limited and there is a lack of comprehensive investigation of various sex hormones.

Methods: Our study included a total of 7,294 participants from the 2013 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels were obtained from laboratory data, free testosterone (FT), free estradiol (FE2), free androgen index (FAI) and the ratio of TT to E2 (TT/E2) were calculated. Cox proportional hazards regression models and restricted cubic spline were used to analysis the association between various sex hormones and all-cause mortality, and stratified analyses according to age, sex, race, and history of diabetes and hypertension were performed.

Results: The final study sample included 3,473 male and 3,821 female from the NHANES. In the multivariate-adjusted model, male participants with higher FT and higher FAI had an obvious lower incidence of all-cause mortality [FT: HR, 0.41 (95% CI, 0.36-0.79); FAI: HR, 0.34 (95% CI, 0.25-0.92)], but these associations were not significant in female. And there was a positive correlation between SHBG concentration and mortality rate in both male and female participants, but the HR in males was higher than that in females [2.45 (95% CI, 1.69-6.23) vs 1.81 (95% 1.53-3.21)].

Conclusion: Our study found sex differences in the association of sex hormones and their related indicators with all-cause mortality, providing new insights for future research in this field.

Background: Animal studies indicate maternal folic acid intake alters offspring amino acids (AAs) and fatty acid profiles, affecting their long-term health. However, human data on specific folate metabolites remain limited. We explored their dynamic associations with neonatal AAs and acylcarnitines (ACs).

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study, involving 4130 singleton pregnant women and their neonates. Maternal total folate and related metabolites in red blood cell (RBC), including 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), tetrahydrofolate (THF), 5-formyltetrahydrofolate (5-CHO-THF), and unmetabolized folic acid (UMFA), were measured in 6-17 (T1), 20-26 (T2), and 32-36 (T3) gestational weeks. Neonatal metabolites, including 11 AAs and 31 ACs, were routinely tested 72 h postpartum using heel blood samples. Linear regression and pathway analysis were used to evaluate associations between maternal folate metabolites with neonatal metabolic pathways.

Results: 5-MTHF and total folate levels significantly increased from T1 to T2 (p < 0.001), and stabilized from T2 to T3 (p > 0.05). THF and 5-CHO-THF levels showed a continuous upward trend (p < 0.001). Conversely, UMFA declined throughout pregnancy (p < 0.001). Total folate and 5-MTHF showed no significant correlations with neonatal metabolism. THF were associated with multiple neonatal metabolites, and the associations peaked in T1 and declined in T2 and T3. THF in T1 positively correlated with phenylalanine and tyrosine, involved in the phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism. And it was positively associated with 7 ACs and negatively with 9 ACs, involved in the fatty acids β-oxidation. THF in T2 or T3 positively related to arginine, and negatively with citrulline, glycine, and ornithine, involved in the urea cycle and arginine and proline metabolism. 5-CHO-THF displayed similar and weaker impacts, correlated with fatty acids β-oxidation only in T1. UMFA exhibited different and weaker influence, related to the urea cycle, arginine and proline metabolism only in T1.

Conclusions: Although maternal total folate and 5-MTHF levels showed no significant association with neonatal metabolites, maternal certain folate metabolites, especially THF, exhibited trimester-specific associations with neonatal metabolic pathways, warranting clinical attention.

Objective: Sancai Lianmei granules (SCLMG) have demonstrated efficacy in improving glucolipid metabolism disorder, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress markers in both diabetic patients and rodent models. However, there is limited data available regarding the effect of SCLMG on human Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This research aims to assess the impact of SCLMG on MAFLD in individuals with diabetes.

Methods and research design: Sixty individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and MAFLD were randomly allocated to one of two groups: the SCLMG group, which received standard treatment for T2DM along with SCLMG at a dose of 15 g three times daily, or the control group, which received standard treatment without SCLMG. The intervention lasted for 12 weeks. Alterations in liver fat content and liver sclerosis were evaluated using FibroScan. Secondary outcome measures included alterations in liver enzymes, fibrosis markers, advanced glycation end products AGEs, and metabolic parameters.

Results: When incorporated into the standard treatment regimen for MAFLD in diabetic patients, SCLMG exhibited an improvement in reducing hepatic steatosis (P = 0.048) while showing no substantial variations in liver stiffness (P = 0.762). Both the SCLMG and control groups revealed a substantial reduction in FibroScan readings at the end of the treatment period compared to baseline. The two groups exhibited substantial disparities in changes in liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) P = 0.018, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) P = 0.006, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) P < 0.001), skin autofluorescence (SAF) (P = 0.012), and metabolic parameters (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, there was a variation between the groups regarding serum procollagen III peptide (PIIIP) levels (P = 0.026), whereas changes in type Ⅳcollagen (CⅣ) (P = 0.265), hyaluronic acid (HA) (P = 0.199), laminin (LN) (P = 0.144), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P = 0.315) levels were not statistically significant.

Conclusions: SCLMG is beneficial in regulating glucolipid metabolism and liver function. To a certain extent, SCLMG can improve liver steatosis and shows a tendency towards reducing liver sclerosis. Therefore, SCLMG has a good effect on individuals with T2DM and MAFLD.

Trial registration: ChiCTR2000033099|| http://www.chictr.org.cn/ 20 May 2020. REGISTRATION DETAILS AT: https://www.chictr.org.cn/hvshowprojectEN.html?id=34391&v=1.5.

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) is a novel surrogate marker for IR, yet the association between its long-term cumulative burden and incident CVD remains unexplored, particularly in the Chinese population.

Methods: This prospective study included 5,264 participants (mean age 58.50 years; 46.6% male) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Cumulative average METS-IR was calculated as the mean of measurements from 2011 (baseline) and 2015 (wave 3). Incident CVD events were ascertained via standardized questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were employed to assess associations.

Results: During a 4-year follow-up, 554 (10.5%) incident CVD cases occurred. After full adjustment, each SD increase in cumulative average METS-IR was associated with a 16.1% higher risk of total CVD (OR = 1.161, 95% CI: 1.050-1.282). A significant dose-response relationship was observed (P for trend = 0.003). Crucially, we found a striking organ-specific disparity: the highest quartile of cumulative METS-IR was strongly associated with a 19.8% increased risk of heart disease (OR = 1.509, 95% CI: 1.118-2.046) but not with stroke (OR = 0.902, 95% CI: 0.440-1.865). Subgroup analyses revealed that this association was particularly pronounced among males, normotensive individuals, and current smokers or drinkers.

Conclusions: Cumulative exposure to insulin resistance, quantified by METS-IR, is an independent predictor of CVD, especially heart disease, in middle-aged and older Chinese adults. Our findings highlight the clinical utility of longitudinal METS-IR assessment for early risk stratification and pinpoint specific high-risk populations for targeted preventive strategies.

Background: Dietary therapy, specifically for weight loss, is currently considered first-line therapy for metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). However, increasing recognition of the role of the gut-liver axis in MASLD highlights potential for microbiota-modulating dietary therapy to improve outcomes. This study aimed to explore dietary variables relevant to gut microbiota in MASLD.

Methods: Twenty-five adults with MASLD and 25 healthy controls were recruited using a retrospective case-control design and characterised using 3-day dietary intake records, clinical markers, and shotgun metagenomic sequencing.

Results: MASLD participants consumed less dietary fibre (p = < 0.01), very long chain omega-3 fatty acids (p = 0.02), nuts and seeds (p = 0.03), whole grains (p < 0.01) and vegetables (p = 0.04). Participants with MASLD had lower abundance of Alistipes senegalensis (r=-0.01, p = 0.04), Coprococcus eutactus (r=-0.07, p = 0.006), Faecalibacterium (r=-0.02, p < 0.001), and higher abundance of Ruminococcus torques (r = 0.04, p = 0.02), and less expression of functional pathways associated with ethanol production, methionine, folate and branched-chain amino acid metabolism. Bacterial species and functional pathways more abundant in MASLD were positively associated with intake of added sugars and saturated fat, and negatively associated with unsaturated fatty acid and dietary fibre intake.

Conclusions: Microbiota characteristics differ between individuals with and without MASLD, and this is influenced by dietary intake. Future translation-focused research investigating dietary interventions and the gut-liver-axis in MASLD are warranted.