Nutrition & Metabolism最新文献

Background and aim: Insulin resistance and other metabolic risk factors are associated with increased cardiovascular diseases in animals fed with high fat diets (HFD). L-arginine is a semi-essential amino acid produced both endogenously and taken in the diet as supplements. It has been documented to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and has been considered a plausible candidate for the management of metabolic disorders. Therefore, this study is aimed to determine the effects of L-arginine on lipid dysregulation and insulin resistance in high fat-fed male Wistar rats.

Methods and results: Twenty-four (24) male Wistar rats randomly selected into 4 groups, mean weight 110 ± 5 and, (n = 6) were fed rat chow + distilled water (vehicle); CTR, rat chow + L-arginine (150 mg/kg), HFD + vehicle, HFD + L-Arginine (150 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. The animals were anesthetized with 50 mg/kg pentobarbital sodium intraperitoneally, blood sample was taken via cardiac puncture and thereafter collected into a heparinized tube. Data were expressed as means ± SEM. HFD increased body weight gain, serum Insulin, Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), area under the curve (AUC), leptin, Lipoprotein(a) or Lp(a), triglyceride-glucose index (TYG), triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFAs), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), TC/HDL-C, Log TG/HDL-C, TC-HDL-C)/HDL-C but decreased phospoinositide-3-kinase (PIK3) when compared with control. L-arginine, resulted in significant reduction in weight gain, fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, AUC, HOMA-IR, leptin, while increasing PIK3, Lp(a), TG, TC and FFA when compared with HFD.

Conclusion: The amelioration of lipid and glucose accumulation by L-arginine supplementation in high fat diet-fed male Wistar rats is accompanied by reduced leptin levels and PIK3 augmentation.

Aims: The existing literature indicates that oleic acid (OA) is the most prevalent monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) in both diet and plasma, known for its beneficial impact on insulin resistance and inflammation. However, its role in diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the association between OA and DR and explore its potential in DR detection.

Methods: We conducted a two-center, propensity score-matched case-control study, including 69 type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with diagnosed DR (cases) and 69 matched T2D individuals without DR (control), in China from August 2017 to June 2018. Multiple logistic regression models analyzed the association between MUFAs and DR. The impact of 7 distinct MUFAs on DR was examined using elastic net regression (ENET), weighted quantile regression (WQS), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), focusing on key lipid biomarkers. The diagnostic utility of these biomarkers was assessed by calculating the AUC.

Results: A significant negative correlation was found between MUFAs and DR, with OA identified as pivotal by ENET, WQS, and BKMR. The adjusted OR and 95% CI for DR were 0.25 (0.09, 0.69) for subjects in the 2nd tertile of OA and 0.11 (0.04, 0.30) for the 3rd tertile, compared to the lowest tertile. These results were consistent across subgroup and sensitivity analyses. The AUC (95% CI) for OA alone was 0.72 (0.63, 0.81), increasing to 0.77 (0.69, 0.85) when combined with other covariates.

Conclusions: Our findings reveal a robust inverse relationship between plasma OA levels and DR risk, suggesting that OA could serve as a valuable biomarker for identifying type 2 diabetic patients with DR.

Background: Twin pregnancies present unique challenges in maternal healthcare. However, current guidelines primarily address singleton pregnancies, resulting in a knowledge gap regarding their specific metabolic and dietary needs. This study aimed to follow women with twin pregnancies through all three trimesters, assessing basal metabolic rate (BMR), dietary intake, and diet quality.

Methods: A two-year prospective observational study was conducted at AOU Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy, involving 35 twin-pregnant women, with 32 completing the study. Participants underwent calorimetric, anthropometric, and dietary assessments during the first (8-13 weeks), second (14-27 weeks), and third trimesters (28-34 weeks). BMR was measured using indirect calorimetry and compared with predictive equations. Dietary intake was evaluated using 7-day food diaries and the Medi-Lite adherence score.

Results: Indirect calorimetry revealed an increase in BMR by 16%, rising from 1479 ± 196 kcal in the first trimester to 1733 ± 224 kcal in the third trimester. Hronek's equation, previously validated for singleton pregnancies, was identified as the most accurate predictive tool for estimating BMR. Dietary analysis revealed that mean daily energy intake increased from 1660 ± 244 kcal in the first trimester to 1889 ± 262 kcal in the third trimester, consistently below recommendations, with insufficient macro- and micronutrient consumption. Poor diet quality was characterized by low intake of fruits, vegetables, legumes, and fresh fish, and high consumption of processed meats, cheese, and sugar-sweetened beverages. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was moderate across all three trimesters.

Conclusions: This study highlights the increased energy demands and nutritional inadequacies in twin pregnancies, underscoring the need for tailored dietary guidelines and interventions.

Background: The objective of this cohort study was to assess the predictive value of main arterial markers for cardiovascular death in middle-aged subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods: This prospective longitudinal study analyzed data from 5829 metabolic syndrome subjects without overt cardiovascular disease aged between 40 and 64 years and enrolled in the Lithuanian High Cardiovascular Risk primary prevention program. Initial assessment comprised the evaluation of aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV), carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), carotid stiffness index, cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), ankle-brachial index (ABI), aortic augmentation index adjusted for a heart rate of 75 bpm (AIXHR75), and endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilatation (FMD).

Results: During the mean follow-up period of 6.35 ± 2.99 years, 170 subjects (2.9%) had died, with 41 out of these deaths (24.1%) related to cardiovascular causes. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis revealed associations between cardiovascular deaths and increases in aPWV (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.14-1.58, p < 0.001), CAVI (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.09-1.50, p = 0.002), and cIMT (HR 1.004, 95% CI 1.001-1.006, p = 0.003), as well as a decrease in ABI (HR 0.020, 95% CI 0.001-0.359, p = 0.008). However, after adjustment for age and gender, only aPWV remained a statistically significant predictor. Common survival tree analysis foregrounded the predictive significance of C-reactive protein (CRP), as the primary variable associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular death, followed by aPWV and smoking as secondary and tertiary variables. The analysis also demonstrated sex-related differences: in women, the primary predictive variable was aPWV, whereas in men, CRP was identified as the primary variable, followed by CAVI and cIMT.

Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that, among the markers of subclinical arterial damage, an increase in both aPWV and CAVI has a statistically significant predictive value for cardiovascular mortality in the middle-aged subjects with MetS. However, only aPWV demonstrated predictive value that was independent of age and gender.

Dysregulation of energy metabolism, including hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and fatty liver have been reported in a substantial proportion of lean children. However, non-obese murine models recapitulating these features are lacking to study the mechanisms underlying the development of metabolic dysregulations in lean children. Here, we develop a model of diet-induced metabolic dysfunction without obesity in juvenile mice by feeding male and female mice a diet reflecting Western nutritional intake combined with protein restriction (mWD) during 5 weeks after weaning. mWD-fed mice (35% fat, 8% protein) do not exhibit significant weight gain and have moderate increase in adiposity compared to control mice (16% fat, 20% protein). After 3 weeks of mWD, juvenile mice have impaired glucose metabolism including hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. mWD also triggers hepatic metabolism alterations, as shown by the development of simple liver steatosis. Both male and female mice fed with mWD displayed metabolic dysregulation, which a probiotic treatment with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WJL failed to improve. Overall, mWD-fed mice appear to be a good preclinical model to study the development of diet-induced metabolic dysfunction without obesity in juveniles.

Background: Numerous studies indicate that visceral adipose tissue (VAT) significantly contribute to metabolic syndrome (MetS) development. This study aims to assess the distinguishing value of novel obesity markers, specifically lipid accumulation products (LAP) and cardiometabolic index (CMI), in relation to MetS. Considering the gender disparity in MetS prevalence, it is essential to explore whether LAP and CMI exhibit differential distinguishing capabilities by gender.

Method: The investigation included a total of 11,687 qualified individuals who participated in the NHANES survey spanning a 14-year period from 2005 to 2018. Biochemical analysis of blood and body measurements were utilized to determine LAP and CMI values for each participant. Inclusion of gender as a variable was a key factor in the examination of all data. Restricted cube plots (RCS) were utilized to analyze the strength of the relationship between LAP, CMI, and MetS. The study delved into potential connections between LAP and CMI with MetS, all-cause and cardiovascular mortality using various statistical models such as multivariate logistic regression and Cox regression.

Results: The findings revealed a significant nonlinear association between CMI, LAP, and MetS (P-non-linear < 0.001), irrespective of gender, with all models exhibiting a J-shaped trend. The multivariable logistic regression analysis considered both LAP and CMI as continuous variables or tertiles, revealing significant associations with MetS in male, female, and general populations (All the P < 0.001). Although males displayed a higher risk of MetS, no gender differences were observed in the area under the curve (AUC) values of LAP and CMI for distinguishing (P > 0.005) MetS. Impressively, LAP and CMI were identified as the primary predictors of MetS in both genders from AUC (P < 0.005). More specifically, the cutoff points for distinguishing MetS in females were LAP = 49.87 or CMI = 0.56, while for males, they were LAP = 52.76 or CMI = 0.70. Additionally, the Cox regression analysis revealed that LAP and CMI were correlated with all-cause mortality in both general population and females (P < 0.005), but not in males.

Conclusion: In comparison to other measures of obesity, LAP and CMI demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy for MetS in both males and females. Additionally, LAP and CMI were found to be predictive of all-cause mortality in both general population and females. These markers are cost-effective, easily accessible, and widely applicable for the early identification and screening of MetS in clinical settings.

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) 2021 and European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) 2023 both recently updated the equations to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using cystatin C; however, little is known about the benefits of using the equations for the risk stratification of health outcomes. We conducted this longitudinal study to compare the cystatin C CKD-EPI and EKFC equations to track the risks of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality among Chinese adults.

Methods: We used data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) between 2011 and 2018. Adjusted logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline functions were used to evaluate the relationships of cystatin C-based eGFR values with incidence of cardiovascular disease and mortality.

Results: A total of 6 496 participants were finally included in this study. The mean age of the participants was 59.6 (± 9.5) years, including 2996 (46.1%) males. There were 473 deaths and 1996 cases of cardiovascular disease observed during a maximum follow-up of 7.0 years. Using cystatin C-based CKD-EPI equation, people of eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² had an increased risk of mortality (risk ratio [RR], 1.527; 95% CI, 1.068-2.178) and incident cardiovascular disease (RR, 1.363; 95% CI, 1.006-1.844), compared to those of eGFR ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m². On the contrary, we did not observe significant associations of eGFR levels by EKFC equation with mortality nor cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions: The findings indicated that cystatin C-based eGFR using CKD-EPI equation is more closely associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease compared to EKFC equation among Chinese adults. The cystatin C-based eGFR by CKD-EPI equation should be monitored in health practice, which needs further validation in other populations.

Background: Circadian eating patterns and chrono-nutrition may influence obesity and disease incidence. Thus, this study aimed to assess the mediating role of obesity in the relationship between meal-specific dietary patterns (DPs), chrono-nutritional components, and cardiometabolic risk using structural equation modeling (SEM).

Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 825 Iranian adults was conducted. Dietary intake was recorded using three 24-h dietary recalls. The morning-evening questionnaire was completed. Meal timing, frequency of eating occasions, and irregular energy scores were derived from dietary recalls. Principal component analysis identified DPs for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and laboratory investigations, including fasting glucose levels, lipid profiles, and insulin levels, were performed. Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostatic model, and triglyceride and glucose indices were calculated.

Results: The final SEM showed, that the "oil, egg, and cereals" DPs at breakfast were directly associated with lipids [β (95% CI); 0.105 (0.007-0.203)]. The "oil, dairy, potato, and egg" DPs at lunch were indirectly linked to increased lipids [0.156 (0.040-0.271), BP (0.338 (0.226-0.449)], and insulin indices [0.208 (0.188-0.277)]. At dinner, the "cereal, oil, poultry, and legume" DPs was directly related to lower BP [- 0.095 (- 0.179 to - 0.012)]. The frequency of eating was directly related to lipid levels (- 0.101 (- 0.193 to - 0.008)]. An irregular energy score was not related to outcomes.

Conclusion: More frequent meals and healthier DPs, especially at dinner, were linked to better cardiometabolic outcomes, with obesity mediating some effects. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify causal relationships.

Background: Research has demonstrated that obesity may be associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In addition, Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota and their metabolites has been linked to the occurrence and development of RA and obesity. However, the mechanism by which obesity affects RA remains unclear.In this study, we explored the impact of high fat diet(HFD) on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats and revealed its mechanisms based on gut microbiota and metabolomics.

Methods: Based on diet and modeling, rats were divided into normal group (Con), CIA model group, HFD group (HFD), and HFD + CIA group (HCIA). The effect of HFD on arthritis in CIA rats were investigated based on the arthritis index (AI), weight, blood lipid levels, and inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, HE staining and micro-CT were performed to evaluated the effect of HFD on the pathology of joints and synovial tissues in CIA rats.16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were employed to explore changes in gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).

Results: The AI scores, inflammatory cytokines and bone destruction parameters in the HCIA group were significantly higher than those in the other three groups. The results of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and metabolomics showed that compared with the other three groups, the expression of g_Muribaculaceae and butyric acid were reduced in the HCIA group. Spearman and linear correlation analyses revealed a positive correlation between g_Muribaculaceae abundance and butyric acid levels.

Conclusions: HFD stimulated butyric acid metabolism dysbiosis, altered microbiota, and aggravated inflammatory response in CIA rats.