Nutrition & Metabolism最新文献

Background: Diet is a determinant of metabolic health, partly through its effects on the gut microbiome, which influences nutrient metabolism, inflammation, and energy balance. We investigated the mediating role of gut microbiome features in the association between dietary quality and metabolic risk.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included 269 adults aged 25-76 years with heterogeneous metabolic profiles, BMI ranging from 17.5 to 47.6 kg/m², and fasting glucose levels between 5.6 and 6.9 mmol/L. Dietary quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-MON), the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHEI-MON), and the alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (aMED), derived from food-frequency questionnaires and three-day food records. Metabolic risk was quantified using a continuous metabolic syndrome score (cMetS) incorporating waist circumference, mean arterial pressure, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting glucose. Microbiome composition (16 S rRNA gene sequencing) and predicted SCFA pathways were analyzed using adjusted multiple linear regression, PERMANOVA, and differential abundance analysis. Mediation analyses examined microbial features as potential mediators of the association between diet and metabolic risk.

Results: Higher HEI-MON, PHEI-MON, and aMED were associated with lower cMetS (q < 0.01). Christensenellaceae R7 group and Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group were enriched with higher dietary quality and lower cMetS (q < 0.1), whereas Lachnoclostridium were associated with lower diet quality and higher cMetS (q < 0.1). The Enterotype Dysbiosis Score (EDS) correlated inversely with dietary quality (PHEI-MON q = 0.04) and positively with cMetS (q = 0.04). Butyrate-synthesis pathways were more abundant in individuals with higher dietary quality (q < 0.05) and inversely associated with cMetS (q < 0.05). Mediation analysis indicated that the Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group, the Christensenellaceae R7 group, and Lachnoclostridium accounted for up to 16% of the association between diet and metabolic risk.

Conclusion: Better dietary quality is associated with lower metabolic risk and positive gut microbiome signatures across taxonomic, functional, and stability-related aspects. Certain taxa statistically mediated these associations, highlighting gut microbiome features that may contribute to observed links between dietary patterns and metabolic health.

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection and oxidative stress are most common factors for development of gastric ulcers which is consider to be a most common gastrointestinal disorder. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of avocado seeds aqueous extract as an adjunct to conventional ulcer treatment.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with the participation of 99 patients diagnosed with gastric ulcers. Participants were randomly divided to a control group receiving standard medication and interventional group receiving the same treatment with avocado seeds aqueous extract. Screening and follow-up assessments assessment was performed by barium meal tests, radiological imaging, and serological markers, including H. pylori IgG and IgM (ELISA).

Results: Patients in the intervention group showed significant improvements in ulcer morphology and a marked reduction in H. pylori IgG and IgM levels compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Radiological findings also confirmed better mucosal healing in the supplemented group after 12 weeks of intervention.

Conclusions: Intervention group with avocado seeds aqueous extract showed a positive effect combined with conventional treatment, suggesting its potential as a natural adjunct therapy in management of gastric ulcers.

Background: Dietary fiber is inversely associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, the mechanistic pathways and the consistency of this association across key demographic strata remain quantitatively unclear, which hinders the development of precise public health guidance.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 7703 U.S. adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2010-2020). We employed survey-weighted logistic regression to assess the association between dietary fiber density (g/1000 kcal) and MetS (defined by NCEP-ATP III criteria). Mediation analysis was conducted to decompose the total association into pathways operating through systemic inflammation (log-transformed high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). We further evaluated effect modification by body mass index (BMI) categories.

Results: Each 1 g/1000 kcal increase in dietary fiber density was associated with a 4% reduction in the odds of MetS (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94-0.99). This inverse association was partially mediated by lower hs-CRP levels (proportion mediated: 7.4%, P = 0.023), with sensitivity analyses confirming robustness to additional lifestyle adjustments. The association was consistent across all BMI categories (interaction P > 0.62), suggesting homogeneous associations for normal-weight, overweight, and obese individuals.

Conclusions: In a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults, higher dietary fiber density is associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome. This association is partly explained by lower levels of systemic inflammation rather than by improvements in insulin resistance, and it is uniformly present across body weight statuses. These findings support the potential universal relevance of increasing fiber intake for MetS prevention and highlight anti-inflammatory pathways as a key area for mechanistic focus.