Nutrition & Metabolism最新文献

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection and oxidative stress are most common factors for development of gastric ulcers which is consider to be a most common gastrointestinal disorder. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of avocado seeds aqueous extract as an adjunct to conventional ulcer treatment.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with the participation of 99 patients diagnosed with gastric ulcers. Participants were randomly divided to a control group receiving standard medication and interventional group receiving the same treatment with avocado seeds aqueous extract. Screening and follow-up assessments assessment was performed by barium meal tests, radiological imaging, and serological markers, including H. pylori IgG and IgM (ELISA).

Results: Patients in the intervention group showed significant improvements in ulcer morphology and a marked reduction in H. pylori IgG and IgM levels compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Radiological findings also confirmed better mucosal healing in the supplemented group after 12 weeks of intervention.

Conclusions: Intervention group with avocado seeds aqueous extract showed a positive effect combined with conventional treatment, suggesting its potential as a natural adjunct therapy in management of gastric ulcers.

Background: Dietary fiber is inversely associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, the mechanistic pathways and the consistency of this association across key demographic strata remain quantitatively unclear, which hinders the development of precise public health guidance.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 7703 U.S. adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2010-2020). We employed survey-weighted logistic regression to assess the association between dietary fiber density (g/1000 kcal) and MetS (defined by NCEP-ATP III criteria). Mediation analysis was conducted to decompose the total association into pathways operating through systemic inflammation (log-transformed high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). We further evaluated effect modification by body mass index (BMI) categories.

Results: Each 1 g/1000 kcal increase in dietary fiber density was associated with a 4% reduction in the odds of MetS (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94-0.99). This inverse association was partially mediated by lower hs-CRP levels (proportion mediated: 7.4%, P = 0.023), with sensitivity analyses confirming robustness to additional lifestyle adjustments. The association was consistent across all BMI categories (interaction P > 0.62), suggesting homogeneous associations for normal-weight, overweight, and obese individuals.

Conclusions: In a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults, higher dietary fiber density is associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome. This association is partly explained by lower levels of systemic inflammation rather than by improvements in insulin resistance, and it is uniformly present across body weight statuses. These findings support the potential universal relevance of increasing fiber intake for MetS prevention and highlight anti-inflammatory pathways as a key area for mechanistic focus.

Background: Sex hormones are critical health determinants in both sexes. Some studies have found the association between sex hormones and all-cause mortality. However, the evidence of these association is limited and there is a lack of comprehensive investigation of various sex hormones.

Methods: Our study included a total of 7,294 participants from the 2013 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels were obtained from laboratory data, free testosterone (FT), free estradiol (FE2), free androgen index (FAI) and the ratio of TT to E2 (TT/E2) were calculated. Cox proportional hazards regression models and restricted cubic spline were used to analysis the association between various sex hormones and all-cause mortality, and stratified analyses according to age, sex, race, and history of diabetes and hypertension were performed.

Results: The final study sample included 3,473 male and 3,821 female from the NHANES. In the multivariate-adjusted model, male participants with higher FT and higher FAI had an obvious lower incidence of all-cause mortality [FT: HR, 0.41 (95% CI, 0.36-0.79); FAI: HR, 0.34 (95% CI, 0.25-0.92)], but these associations were not significant in female. And there was a positive correlation between SHBG concentration and mortality rate in both male and female participants, but the HR in males was higher than that in females [2.45 (95% CI, 1.69-6.23) vs 1.81 (95% 1.53-3.21)].

Conclusion: Our study found sex differences in the association of sex hormones and their related indicators with all-cause mortality, providing new insights for future research in this field.