P. Omefe, W. A. Ajetunmobi, C. Onyema, Olatunji E. Atoyebi
Bitter yam is eaten by the three major tribes in Nigeria, often as a special delicacy. The Ekiti people of Western Nigeria even consume it as a staple diet. It is also used by the locals for medicinal purposes. This tuber crop can however be toxic if consumed in the unprocessed state. Patients with bitter yam toxicity can present with neurologic manifestations such as convulsions and coma; digestive system problems such as vomiting; or allergic reactions such as itching. We present the cases of three siblings with bitter yam toxicity brought to our facility with age-and-dose-related symptoms after ingestion of undercooked bitter yam.
{"title":"Undercooked bitter yam poisoning in three siblings and the public health implications: A case report","authors":"P. Omefe, W. A. Ajetunmobi, C. Onyema, Olatunji E. Atoyebi","doi":"10.4314/njp.v48i2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njp.v48i2.6","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Bitter yam is eaten by the three major tribes in Nigeria, often as a special delicacy. The Ekiti people of Western Nigeria even consume it as a staple diet. It is also used by the locals for medicinal purposes. This tuber crop can however be toxic if consumed in the unprocessed state. Patients with bitter yam toxicity can present with neurologic manifestations such as convulsions and coma; digestive system problems such as vomiting; or allergic reactions such as itching. We present the cases of three siblings with bitter yam toxicity brought to our facility with age-and-dose-related symptoms after ingestion of undercooked bitter yam. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":19199,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian journal of paediatrics","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88183394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Olatunya, A. Babatola, A. Adeniyi, A. Ajite, I. Oluwayemi, E. Ogundare, O. Fatunla, A. Komolafe, A. Taiwo, Alfred Airemionkhale, A. Ajibola, Boluwatife Sola-Oniyide, Adewale O. Adebisi, B. F. Ilori, O. Oyelami
Background: ‘Brought- in-dead’ (BID) refers to the demise of an individual before presentation to a health facility. This study assessed the pattern of paediatric BID cases seen at a tertiary health facility in southwest Nigeria. Method: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was done at the Children Emergency Ward (CEW) of the hospital between January 2014 and December 2018. The patterns of BID cases and presumed causes of death were determined using a standardized checklist adapted from the WHO verbal autopsy instrument. Results: Ninety-eight BID cases were seen during the study, constituting 2.5% of total patients seen during the period. The median (IQR) age of cases was 24.0 (8.75 – 63.0) months and 72.4% were under-fives. Most had symptoms related to the haematologic (36.7%), respiratory (24.5%) or digestive (20.4%) systems. Severe anaemia 31(31.6%), gastroenteritis 19 (19.4) and aspiration 17 (17.3%) were the most common causes of death. The median (IQR) duration of illness before presentation was 3.0 (1.0 – 7.0) days but most presented from 4 – 7 days of illness. A significant relationship was found between the duration of illness and whether or not pre-hospital treatment was received (p < 0.0001). Unprescribed drugs purchased over the counter were the most commonly used treatment in 79.1% of cases (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: This study has highlighted the prevalence and pattern of paediatric BID in a tertiary health facility in southwest Nigeria and the factors that were associated with it. More efforts need to be geared towards community sensitization and pediatric health care to prevent factors drivingits menace.
{"title":"Paediatric brought-in-dead at a tertiary health facility in South western Nigeria: Patterns and drivers","authors":"O. Olatunya, A. Babatola, A. Adeniyi, A. Ajite, I. Oluwayemi, E. Ogundare, O. Fatunla, A. Komolafe, A. Taiwo, Alfred Airemionkhale, A. Ajibola, Boluwatife Sola-Oniyide, Adewale O. Adebisi, B. F. Ilori, O. Oyelami","doi":"10.4314/njp.v48i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njp.v48i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Background: ‘Brought- in-dead’ (BID) refers to the demise of an individual before presentation to a health facility. This study assessed the pattern of paediatric BID cases seen at a tertiary health facility in southwest Nigeria. \u0000Method: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was done at the Children Emergency Ward (CEW) of the hospital between January 2014 and December 2018. The patterns of BID cases and presumed causes of death were determined using a standardized checklist adapted from the WHO verbal autopsy instrument. \u0000Results: Ninety-eight BID cases were seen during the study, constituting 2.5% of total patients seen during the period. The median (IQR) age of cases was 24.0 (8.75 – 63.0) months and 72.4% were under-fives. Most had symptoms related to the haematologic (36.7%), respiratory (24.5%) or digestive (20.4%) systems. Severe anaemia 31(31.6%), gastroenteritis 19 (19.4) and aspiration 17 (17.3%) were the most common causes of death. The median (IQR) duration of illness before presentation was 3.0 (1.0 – 7.0) days but most presented from 4 – 7 days of illness. A significant relationship was found between the duration of illness and whether or not pre-hospital treatment was received (p < 0.0001). Unprescribed drugs purchased over the counter were the most commonly used treatment in 79.1% of cases (p < 0.0001). \u0000Conclusion: This study has highlighted the prevalence and pattern of paediatric BID in a tertiary health facility in southwest Nigeria and the factors that were associated with it. More efforts need to be geared towards community sensitization and pediatric health care to prevent factors drivingits menace. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":19199,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian journal of paediatrics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85394916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ingestion of foreign body occurs commonly in the paediatric age group particularly between 6 months and 5 years of age.1 Most ingested foreign objects pass smoothly through the oesophagus, into the stomach and are expelled from the body without complications. However, 10% –20% will require endoscopic removal to avoid complications. We present the endoscopic removal of a peg pin in the duodenum of a four-year-old child.
{"title":"Peg pin in the duodenum of a four year old child: A Case report","authors":"A. B. Kumo, Manko Muhammad, Habib Balarabe","doi":"10.4314/NJP.V48I1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJP.V48I1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Ingestion of foreign body occurs commonly in the paediatric age group particularly between 6 months and 5 years of age.1 Most ingested foreign objects pass smoothly through the oesophagus, into the stomach and are expelled from the body without complications. However, 10% –20% will require endoscopic removal to avoid complications. We present the endoscopic removal of a peg pin in the duodenum of a four-year-old child.","PeriodicalId":19199,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian journal of paediatrics","volume":"21 1","pages":"39-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81115605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fahr’s disease is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by deposition of calcium on the walls of blood vessels of the Basal ganglia and Dentate nuclei of the Cerebellum. Patient can present with diverse array of symptoms including but not limited to seizure, extrapyramidal symptoms and mental retardation. We report a case of a 9-year-old female child with history of recurrent seizure. Brain CT showed symmetrical calcification in the basal ganglia.
{"title":"Idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (Fahr’s disease) in a 9-year-old Nigerian child","authors":"C. Okike, O. Ajaegbu, Lazerus Origbo, U. Muoneke","doi":"10.4314/NJP.V48I1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJP.V48I1.9","url":null,"abstract":"Fahr’s disease is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by deposition of calcium on the walls of blood vessels of the Basal ganglia and Dentate nuclei of the Cerebellum. Patient can present with diverse array of symptoms including but not limited to seizure, extrapyramidal symptoms and mental retardation. We report a case of a 9-year-old female child with history of recurrent seizure. Brain CT showed symmetrical calcification in the basal ganglia.","PeriodicalId":19199,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian journal of paediatrics","volume":"13 1","pages":"46-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85899162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Obu, Ezeanosike B. Obumneme, L. N. Nwobashi, L. Okoye
Significant alteration in timing of tooth eruption with the first teeth being present at birth or erupting during the first month of life is a rare occurrence in humans. Timing of tooth eruption may be affected by hereditary, endocrine and environmental factors. The presence of natal teeth may lead to complications such as discomfort during suckling, laceration of the mother’s breasts, sublingual ulceration with resultant feed refusal, and aspiration of the teeth making tooth extraction a management option in affected infants. This is to report a rare finding of eight markedly enlarged natal teeth in a post term male. His mother ingested different kinds of herbal medications prior to conception and during pregnancy. The report is aimed at raising questions about the possibility of a causal relationship between antenatal ingestion of herbal medications and occurrence of natal teeth.
{"title":"Natal teeth associated with ingestion of herbal medication in pregnancy: A case report","authors":"D. Obu, Ezeanosike B. Obumneme, L. N. Nwobashi, L. Okoye","doi":"10.4314/NJP.V48I1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJP.V48I1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Significant alteration in timing of tooth eruption with the first teeth being present at birth or erupting during the first month of life is a rare occurrence in humans. Timing of tooth eruption may be affected by hereditary, endocrine and environmental factors. The presence of natal teeth may lead to complications such as discomfort during suckling, laceration of the mother’s breasts, sublingual ulceration with resultant feed refusal, and aspiration of the teeth making tooth extraction a management option in affected infants. \u0000This is to report a rare finding of eight markedly enlarged natal teeth in a post term male. His mother ingested different kinds of herbal medications prior to conception and during pregnancy. The report is aimed at raising questions about the possibility of a causal relationship between antenatal ingestion of herbal medications and occurrence of natal teeth.","PeriodicalId":19199,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian journal of paediatrics","volume":"74 1","pages":"57-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90294280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transient bulging fontanelle is a self-limiting clinical condition characterized by a bulging fontanelle with or without fever, which resolves without medical intervention. It is a relatively uncommon adverse event following immunization. We report a case of an 11 week old, otherwise healthy male infant who presented with a bulging, nontense anterior fontanelle without fever, which developed 11 hours after receiving rotavirus vaccine. Transfontanelle ultrasound scan findings were essentially normal. Two days later, the bulging anterior fontanelle resolved spontaneously. The child had normal neurological development and achieved corresponding developmental milestones over the subsequent eight months of follow-up. This case report highlights the importance of immunization history in the otherwise healthy infant who presents with bulging fontanelle. We recommend that in an otherwise well recently vaccinated infant that presents with bulging anterior fontanelle, lumbar puncture should be deferred while the infant is closely monitored.
{"title":"Transient bulging fontanelle following rotavirus vaccination: A case report","authors":"Chinedu M. Dike, B. Oyeyemi","doi":"10.4314/NJP.V48I1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJP.V48I1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Transient bulging fontanelle is a self-limiting clinical condition characterized by a bulging fontanelle with or without fever, which resolves without medical intervention. It is a relatively uncommon adverse event following immunization. We report a case of an 11 week old, otherwise healthy male infant who presented with a bulging, nontense anterior fontanelle without fever, which developed 11 hours after receiving rotavirus vaccine. Transfontanelle ultrasound scan findings were essentially normal. Two days later, the bulging anterior fontanelle resolved spontaneously. The child had normal neurological development and achieved corresponding developmental milestones over the subsequent eight months of follow-up. This case report highlights the importance of immunization history in the otherwise healthy infant who presents with bulging fontanelle. We recommend that in an otherwise well recently vaccinated infant that presents with bulging anterior fontanelle, lumbar puncture should be deferred while the infant is closely monitored.","PeriodicalId":19199,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian journal of paediatrics","volume":"10 1","pages":"54-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87200502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Corley, K. Tossou, M. Amouzouvi-Sadji, E. D. Franco, R. Firth
We describe the case and identification of monogenic diabetes mellitus in a Togolese girl at the age of eight years, previously treated as Type 1 Diabetes following diagnosis at the age of two months. She has since been transitioned from insulin to oral sulphonylurea therapy, with improved glycaemic control and greater therapeutic security. We believe many more such cases must exist in Africa amongst those with a history of neonatal diabetes. Free genomic testing is available (see below) in suitable cases. The case highlights the value of personalized medicine and international cooperation.
{"title":"Sulphonylurea responsive monogenic diabetes in an Insulin treated 8-year old child in West Africa; of more than academic interest and one of many?","authors":"L. Corley, K. Tossou, M. Amouzouvi-Sadji, E. D. Franco, R. Firth","doi":"10.4314/NJP.V48I1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJP.V48I1.8","url":null,"abstract":"We describe the case and identification of monogenic diabetes mellitus in a Togolese girl at the age of eight years, previously treated as Type 1 Diabetes following diagnosis at the age of two months. She has since been transitioned from insulin to oral sulphonylurea therapy, with improved glycaemic control and greater therapeutic security. We believe many more such cases must exist in Africa amongst those with a history of neonatal diabetes. Free genomic testing is available (see below) in suitable cases. The case highlights the value of personalized medicine and international cooperation.","PeriodicalId":19199,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian journal of paediatrics","volume":"19 1","pages":"43-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91213306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amudalat Issa, M. Abdulkadir, O. Adesiyun, B. Owolabi, S. Bello, R. R. Bakare
Background: Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a sensitive biomarker that is valuable in the management of childhood heart failure. Studies have reported racial differences in the level of BNP, especially in the adult population. The level of BNP in healthy Nigerian newborn babies is unknown. Hence, we determined the level of BNP in healthy term appropriate for gestational age (AGA) newborn babies. Methods: This was a cross sectional study,85 healthy term AGA newborn babies aged 24 to 72 hours. The babies had relevant demographic parameters documented in a proforma and BNP assay analysed using ELISA method. Results: The median IQR serum BNP level was 341.43 (313.39 to 425.45) pg/ml. The median level in females, was higher than males, {393.86 (296.97- 460.62) pg/ml vs328.05 (313.61-389.39) pg/ml, p >0.05}.There was no significant relationship between serum BNP and birth weight, chronological age, gestational age, or mode of delivery (p>0.05 in each case). Conclusion: The study demonstrated high BNP levels in healthy term Nigerian newborns. There was no relationship between BNP, the chronological age, birth weight, gender, gestational age or mode of delivery in babies between 24 to 72 hours of life.
{"title":"Serum brain natriuretic peptide in healthy Nigerian newborn babies","authors":"Amudalat Issa, M. Abdulkadir, O. Adesiyun, B. Owolabi, S. Bello, R. R. Bakare","doi":"10.4314/NJP.V48I1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJP.V48I1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a sensitive biomarker that is valuable in the management of childhood heart failure. Studies have reported racial differences in the level of BNP, especially in the adult population. The level of BNP in healthy Nigerian newborn babies is unknown. Hence, we determined the level of BNP in healthy term appropriate for gestational age (AGA) newborn babies. Methods: This was a cross sectional study,85 healthy term AGA newborn babies aged 24 to 72 hours. The babies had relevant demographic parameters documented in a proforma and BNP assay analysed using ELISA method. Results: The median IQR serum BNP level was 341.43 (313.39 to 425.45) pg/ml. The median level in females, was higher than males, {393.86 (296.97- 460.62) pg/ml vs328.05 (313.61-389.39) pg/ml, p >0.05}.There was no significant relationship between serum BNP and birth weight, chronological age, gestational age, or mode of delivery (p>0.05 in each case). Conclusion: The study demonstrated high BNP levels in healthy term Nigerian newborns. There was no relationship between BNP, the chronological age, birth weight, gender, gestational age or mode of delivery in babies between 24 to 72 hours of life.","PeriodicalId":19199,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian journal of paediatrics","volume":"1102 ","pages":"8-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91444307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aneji U. Chiamaka, O. Chiemelu, Muomalu Chinwe, Agwu Ebere, Okoli Chimuanya, Umeh Rich, Ajah R.N. Uzoma
Background: Neonatal mortality remains disturbingly high in Nigeria. Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) is an evidence- based neonatal resuscitation (NR) educational program designed to teach NR in resourcelimited areas. There is no information in Nigeria on what happens after health careworkers (HCWs) complete HBB training.Aim: To determine if HCWs who received HBB training utilized the acquired knowledge and skills (K&S) and engaged in any ongoing peer training. In addition, we studied HCW turnover one year after HBB training completion.Subjects and Methods: Seventy-two HCWs were trained in HBB, and surveyed 1 year later using a 10-item questionnaire. Data analysis used measures of central tendency and t testing.Results: Most HCWs reported the use of HBB daily. The commonest NR method used was suctioning (89.5 %), followed by drying and positioning (86%), however there was 0% reported use of bagmask- ventilation. Most HCWs (98%) reported sharing K&S with colleagues. Following training,100% HBB trainers remained at original employment but 53% HBB providers moved to new employment and did not utilize their HBB K&S at their new employment site.Conclusion: Frequent, brief, refresher practice sessions and implementation of a system for training new hires may improve HCW readiness for NR and their peer mentoring capabilities. Ensuring adequate equipment availability is critical for HCW to utilize acquired K&S. Significant HCW turnover occurred within a year of training. Trained HCW who left to new employment subsequently had limited impact at their new place of employment.
{"title":"What happens after helping babies breathe training is complete? A prospective cohort study of Nigerian health care workers","authors":"Aneji U. Chiamaka, O. Chiemelu, Muomalu Chinwe, Agwu Ebere, Okoli Chimuanya, Umeh Rich, Ajah R.N. Uzoma","doi":"10.4314/NJP.V48I1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJP.V48I1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neonatal mortality remains disturbingly high in Nigeria. Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) is an evidence- based neonatal resuscitation (NR) educational program designed to teach NR in resourcelimited areas. There is no information in Nigeria on what happens after health careworkers (HCWs) complete HBB training.Aim: To determine if HCWs who received HBB training utilized the acquired knowledge and skills (K&S) and engaged in any ongoing peer training. In addition, we studied HCW turnover one year after HBB training completion.Subjects and Methods: Seventy-two HCWs were trained in HBB, and surveyed 1 year later using a 10-item questionnaire. Data analysis used measures of central tendency and t testing.Results: Most HCWs reported the use of HBB daily. The commonest NR method used was suctioning (89.5 %), followed by drying and positioning (86%), however there was 0% reported use of bagmask- ventilation. Most HCWs (98%) reported sharing K&S with colleagues. Following training,100% HBB trainers remained at original employment but 53% HBB providers moved to new employment and did not utilize their HBB K&S at their new employment site.Conclusion: Frequent, brief, refresher practice sessions and implementation of a system for training new hires may improve HCW readiness for NR and their peer mentoring capabilities. Ensuring adequate equipment availability is critical for HCW to utilize acquired K&S. Significant HCW turnover occurred within a year of training. Trained HCW who left to new employment subsequently had limited impact at their new place of employment.","PeriodicalId":19199,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian journal of paediatrics","volume":"4 1","pages":"34-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79276498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fidelis E. Eki-Udoko, A. Sadoh, M. Ibadin, A. Omoigberale
Background: It is well documented that sub-Saharan Africa bears the highest burden of both malaria and HIV. Coinfection with both diseases is also well documented. Malaria parasites infecting the placenta lead to inflammation, intervillous fibrin deposition and infarction. This pathologic effect of malaria on the placental has led to the staging of placental malaria histology. These pathologic features may reflect different levels in the breach of the integrity of the placenta which may predispose to transmission of congenital malaria and possibly HIV. But few if any have examined the association of maternal placental malaria histology stages in HIV positive and negative mothers and the effects of these on their newborns (congenital malaria). Methods: Subjects were 162 newborns of HIV/malaria co-infected mothers and Controls were 162 newborns of HIV negative malaria infected mothers. Blood film for malaria parasites was done on cord blood and peripheral blood on days 1, 3 and 7 in the newborns. Maternal peripheral blood film for malaria parasite was done at delivery and placental tissue was obtained for confirmation of placental malaria by histology. Diagnosis of malaria in blood films was by light microscopy. Results: The placental malaria histology in HIV positive mothers were predominantly the chronic type (51.9%) and past type (54.6%) in HIV negative mothers respectively. Congenital malaria was significantly more in chronic types of placental malaria histology irrespective of maternal HIV status (p=0.017 in subjects and p= 0.000 in controls respectively) Conclusion: Babies born to mothers are at increased risk for congenital malaria if their placental malaria histology is of the chronic type compared to the other types (active and past) irrespective of maternal HIV status. This risk (chronic type) is highest in mothers with HIV; therefore, all babies born to HIV positive mothers should be screened for congenital malaria and managed as appropriate.
{"title":"Placental Malaria histological features and the burden of congenital malaria among HIV/ malaria co-infected mothers in Benin City, Edo State","authors":"Fidelis E. Eki-Udoko, A. Sadoh, M. Ibadin, A. Omoigberale","doi":"10.4314/NJP.V48I1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJP.V48I1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: It is well documented that sub-Saharan Africa bears the highest burden of both malaria and HIV. Coinfection with both diseases is also well documented. Malaria parasites infecting the placenta lead to inflammation, intervillous fibrin deposition and infarction. This pathologic effect of malaria on the placental has led to the staging of placental malaria histology. These pathologic features may reflect different levels in the breach of the integrity of the placenta which may predispose to transmission of congenital malaria and possibly HIV. But few if any have examined the association of maternal placental malaria histology stages in HIV positive and negative mothers and the effects of these on their newborns (congenital malaria). Methods: Subjects were 162 newborns of HIV/malaria co-infected mothers and Controls were 162 newborns of HIV negative malaria infected mothers. Blood film for malaria parasites was done on cord blood and peripheral blood on days 1, 3 and 7 in the newborns. Maternal peripheral blood film for malaria parasite was done at delivery and placental tissue was obtained for confirmation of placental malaria by histology. Diagnosis of malaria in blood films was by light microscopy. Results: The placental malaria histology in HIV positive mothers were predominantly the chronic type (51.9%) and past type (54.6%) in HIV negative mothers respectively. Congenital malaria was significantly more in chronic types of placental malaria histology irrespective of maternal HIV status (p=0.017 in subjects and p= 0.000 in controls respectively) Conclusion: Babies born to mothers are at increased risk for congenital malaria if their placental malaria histology is of the chronic type compared to the other types (active and past) irrespective of maternal HIV status. This risk (chronic type) is highest in mothers with HIV; therefore, all babies born to HIV positive mothers should be screened for congenital malaria and managed as appropriate.","PeriodicalId":19199,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian journal of paediatrics","volume":"145 1","pages":"12-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86634002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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