Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-02-08DOI: 10.1037/neu0000938
Laura E Korthauer, Zachary T Gemelli, Deirdre O'Shea, Brian R Ott, Jennifer D Davis
Objective: Large research cohorts show robust associations between neuropsychological tests and Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers, but studies in clinical settings are limited. The increasing availability of AD biomarkers to the practicing clinician makes it important to understand the relationship between comprehensive clinical neuropsychological assessment and biomarker status. This study examined concordance between practicing clinical neuropsychologists' diagnostic impressions and AD biomarker status in patients seen at an outpatient medical center, with a secondary aim of defining the characteristics of discordant cases.
Method: Participants (N = 79) seen for clinical neuropsychological assessment who subsequently underwent lumbar puncture or amyloid positron emission tomography imaging were identified via retrospective chart review. Concordance between clinical neuropsychological diagnosis (non-AD, indeterminate, possible/probable AD) and AD biomarker status (negative, indeterminate, positive) was determined. Individual test score data were used to examine between-group differences based on amyloid status.
Results: AD biomarker positive and negative patients did not differ on individual neuropsychological tests after correcting for multiple comparisons, though the small number of AD biomarker indeterminate individuals performed better than biomarker positive patients. However, there was 76.7% concordance between neuropsychologists' diagnostic impressions and AD biomarker status (88% sensitivity and 55% specificity of neuropsychological assessment in detecting AD biomarker status). AD biomarker negative patients diagnosed as possible/probable AD (discordant) versus non-AD (concordant) had significantly lower Neuropsychological Assessment Battery Story Delayed Recall, higher Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition Coding, and higher Trail-Making A (i.e., an amnestic memory profile).
Conclusions: Comprehensive neuropsychological assessment showed modest concordance with AD biomarker status in patients seen in an outpatient medical center for routine clinical care. Low specificity for the clinical diagnosis of AD could be explained by the multiplicity of etiologies that cause memory impairment (i.e., TAR DNA-binding protein 43, suspected non-AD pathology). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
目的:大型研究队列显示神经心理测试与阿尔茨海默病(AD)生物标志物之间存在密切联系,但临床环境中的研究却十分有限。随着临床医生越来越多地使用阿尔茨海默病生物标志物,了解综合临床神经心理学评估与生物标志物状态之间的关系就显得尤为重要。本研究调查了在一家医疗中心门诊就诊的患者中,临床神经心理学家的诊断印象与AD生物标记物状态之间的一致性,其次是为了确定不一致病例的特征:方法:通过回顾性病历审查确定接受临床神经心理学评估并随后接受腰椎穿刺或淀粉样蛋白正电子发射断层扫描成像的参与者(N = 79)。确定临床神经心理诊断(非 AD、不确定、可能/疑似 AD)与 AD 生物标记物状态(阴性、不确定、阳性)之间的一致性。根据淀粉样蛋白状态,使用单项测试得分数据来检验组间差异:结果:经多重比较校正后,AD生物标志物阳性和阴性患者在单项神经心理学测试中没有差异,但少数AD生物标志物不确定者的表现优于生物标志物阳性患者。不过,神经心理学家的诊断印象与AD生物标记物状态之间的一致性为76.7%(神经心理评估在检测AD生物标记物状态方面的敏感性为88%,特异性为55%)。被诊断为可能/疑似注意力缺失症(不一致)与非注意力缺失症(一致)的注意力缺失症生物标志物阴性患者的神经心理评估电池故事延迟回忆率明显较低、韦氏成人智能量表-第四版编码率较高,而追踪记忆A(即失忆记忆)较高:综合神经心理学评估显示,在门诊医疗中心接受常规临床护理的患者中,AD 生物标记物状态与综合神经心理学评估结果略有吻合。导致记忆障碍的病因多种多样(如TAR DNA结合蛋白43、疑似非AD病理),因此临床诊断AD的特异性较低。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,版权所有)。
{"title":"Association between neuropsychological assessment and amyloid status in a clinical setting.","authors":"Laura E Korthauer, Zachary T Gemelli, Deirdre O'Shea, Brian R Ott, Jennifer D Davis","doi":"10.1037/neu0000938","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Large research cohorts show robust associations between neuropsychological tests and Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers, but studies in clinical settings are limited. The increasing availability of AD biomarkers to the practicing clinician makes it important to understand the relationship between comprehensive clinical neuropsychological assessment and biomarker status. This study examined concordance between practicing clinical neuropsychologists' diagnostic impressions and AD biomarker status in patients seen at an outpatient medical center, with a secondary aim of defining the characteristics of discordant cases.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants (<i>N</i> = 79) seen for clinical neuropsychological assessment who subsequently underwent lumbar puncture or amyloid positron emission tomography imaging were identified via retrospective chart review. Concordance between clinical neuropsychological diagnosis (non-AD, indeterminate, possible/probable AD) and AD biomarker status (negative, indeterminate, positive) was determined. Individual test score data were used to examine between-group differences based on amyloid status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AD biomarker positive and negative patients did not differ on individual neuropsychological tests after correcting for multiple comparisons, though the small number of AD biomarker indeterminate individuals performed better than biomarker positive patients. However, there was 76.7% concordance between neuropsychologists' diagnostic impressions and AD biomarker status (88% sensitivity and 55% specificity of neuropsychological assessment in detecting AD biomarker status). AD biomarker negative patients diagnosed as possible/probable AD (discordant) versus non-AD (concordant) had significantly lower Neuropsychological Assessment Battery Story Delayed Recall, higher Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition Coding, and higher Trail-Making A (i.e., an amnestic memory profile).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Comprehensive neuropsychological assessment showed modest concordance with AD biomarker status in patients seen in an outpatient medical center for routine clinical care. Low specificity for the clinical diagnosis of AD could be explained by the multiplicity of etiologies that cause memory impairment (i.e., TAR DNA-binding protein 43, suspected non-AD pathology). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"337-346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139707394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-02-08DOI: 10.1037/neu0000943
Dalia L Garcia, Tamar H Gollan
Objective: The present study explored psycholinguistic analysis of spoken responses produced in a structured interview and cued linguistic and nonlinguistic task switching as possible novel markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk in Spanish-English bilinguals.
Method: Nineteen Spanish-English bilinguals completed an Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI) in both languages, cued-switching tasks, and a battery of traditional neuropsychological tests (in a separate testing session). All were cognitively healthy at the time of testing, but eight decliners were later diagnosed with AD (on average 4.5 years after testing; SD = 2.3), while 11 controls remained cognitively healthy.
Results: Past studies showed picture naming was more sensitive to AD in the dominant than in the nondominant language, but we found the opposite for a composite measure of spoken utterances produced in the OPI that included revisions, repetitions, and filled pauses (RRFPs), which were especially sensitive to AD risk in the nondominant language. Errors produced on language switch trials best discriminated decliners from controls (in receiver operating characteristic curves), and though the nonlinguistic switching task was also sensitive to AD risk, it elicited more errors overall and was also negatively affected by increased age and low education level.
Conclusions: Speaking a nondominant language and errors in cued language switching provided sensitive and specific markers of pending cognitive decline and AD risk in bilinguals. These measures may reflect early decline in executive control abilities that are needed to plan and monitor the production of connected speech and to manage competition for selection between languages. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Language switching and speaking a nondominant language challenge executive control: Preliminary data for novel behavioral markers of Alzheimer's risk in Spanish-English bilinguals.","authors":"Dalia L Garcia, Tamar H Gollan","doi":"10.1037/neu0000943","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study explored psycholinguistic analysis of spoken responses produced in a structured interview and cued linguistic and nonlinguistic task switching as possible novel markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk in Spanish-English bilinguals.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Nineteen Spanish-English bilinguals completed an Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI) in both languages, cued-switching tasks, and a battery of traditional neuropsychological tests (in a separate testing session). All were cognitively healthy at the time of testing, but eight <i>decliners</i> were later diagnosed with AD (on average 4.5 years after testing; <i>SD</i> = 2.3), while 11 controls remained cognitively healthy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Past studies showed picture naming was more sensitive to AD in the dominant than in the nondominant language, but we found the opposite for a composite measure of spoken utterances produced in the OPI that included revisions, repetitions, and filled pauses (RRFPs), which were especially sensitive to AD risk in the nondominant language. Errors produced on language switch trials best discriminated decliners from controls (in receiver operating characteristic curves), and though the nonlinguistic switching task was also sensitive to AD risk, it elicited more errors overall and was also negatively affected by increased age and low education level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Speaking a nondominant language and errors in cued language switching provided sensitive and specific markers of pending cognitive decline and AD risk in bilinguals. These measures may reflect early decline in executive control abilities that are needed to plan and monitor the production of connected speech and to manage competition for selection between languages. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"322-336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11035100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139707396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1037/neu0000948
Umberto León-Domínguez
Background: Chat generative retrained transformer (ChatGPT) represents a groundbreaking advancement in Artificial Intelligence (AI-chatbot) technology, utilizing transformer algorithms to enhance natural language processing and facilitating their use for addressing specific tasks. These AI chatbots can respond to questions by generating verbal instructions similar to those a person would provide during the problem-solving process.
Aim: ChatGPT has become the fastest growing software in terms of user adoption in history, leading to an anticipated widespread use of this technology in the general population. Current literature is predominantly focused on the functional aspects of these technologies, but the field has not yet explored hypotheses on how these AI chatbots could impact the evolutionary aspects of human cognitive development. Thesis: The "neuronal recycling hypothesis" posits that the brain undergoes structural transformation by incorporating new cultural tools into "neural niches," consequently altering individual cognition. In the case of technological tools, it has been established that they reduce the cognitive demand needed to solve tasks through a process called "cognitive offloading." In this theoretical article, three hypotheses were proposed via forward inference about how algorithms such as ChatGPT and similar models may influence the cognitive processes and structures of upcoming generations.
Conclusions: By forecasting the neurocognitive effects of these technologies, educational and political communities can anticipate future scenarios and formulate strategic plans to either mitigate or enhance the cognitive influence that these factors may have on the general population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
背景介绍聊天生成再训练转换器(ChatGPT)代表了人工智能(AI-聊天机器人)技术的突破性进展,它利用转换器算法来增强自然语言处理能力,并促进其用于解决特定任务。这些人工智能聊天机器人可以通过生成类似于人在解决问题过程中提供的口头指令来回答问题。目的:就用户采用率而言,ChatGPT 已成为历史上增长最快的软件,预计该技术将在普通人群中广泛使用。目前的文献主要集中在这些技术的功能方面,但该领域尚未探讨这些人工智能聊天机器人如何影响人类认知发展的进化方面的假设。论文:神经元再循环假说 "认为,通过将新的文化工具纳入 "神经壁龛",大脑会发生结构性转变,从而改变个体的认知。就技术工具而言,已经证实它们通过一种称为 "认知卸载 "的过程降低了解决任务所需的认知需求。在这篇理论文章中,我们通过前向推理提出了三个假设,即 ChatGPT 等算法和类似模型可能会如何影响下一代人的认知过程和结构:通过预测这些技术对神经认知的影响,教育界和政界可以预测未来的情景,并制定战略计划,以减轻或加强这些因素可能对大众认知产生的影响。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)。
{"title":"Potential cognitive risks of generative transformer-based AI chatbots on higher order executive functions.","authors":"Umberto León-Domínguez","doi":"10.1037/neu0000948","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chat generative retrained transformer (ChatGPT) represents a groundbreaking advancement in Artificial Intelligence (AI-chatbot) technology, utilizing transformer algorithms to enhance natural language processing and facilitating their use for addressing specific tasks. These AI chatbots can respond to questions by generating verbal instructions similar to those a person would provide during the problem-solving process.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>ChatGPT has become the fastest growing software in terms of user adoption in history, leading to an anticipated widespread use of this technology in the general population. Current literature is predominantly focused on the functional aspects of these technologies, but the field has not yet explored hypotheses on how these AI chatbots could impact the evolutionary aspects of human cognitive development. Thesis: The \"neuronal recycling hypothesis\" posits that the brain undergoes structural transformation by incorporating new cultural tools into \"neural niches,\" consequently altering individual cognition. In the case of technological tools, it has been established that they reduce the cognitive demand needed to solve tasks through a process called \"cognitive offloading.\" In this theoretical article, three hypotheses were proposed via forward inference about how algorithms such as ChatGPT and similar models may influence the cognitive processes and structures of upcoming generations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By forecasting the neurocognitive effects of these technologies, educational and political communities can anticipate future scenarios and formulate strategic plans to either mitigate or enhance the cognitive influence that these factors may have on the general population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"293-308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139651291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1037/neu0000942
Kelly M Boland, Meriah S Schoen, Rani H Singh, Hayley E Clocksin, Mackenzie N Cissne, Shawn E Christ
Objective: Although early diagnosis and treatment prevent the severe impairments associated with untreated phenylketonuria (PKU), individuals with early treated PKU (ETPKU) nonetheless experience significant neurocognitive and psychological sequelae, including difficulties in working memory (WM) and increased risk of anxiety. The primary objective of the present study was to examine the extent to which anxiety may moderate the relationship between ETPKU and WM performance.
Method: A sample of 40 adults with ETPKU and a demographically comparable sample of 40 healthy adults without PKU completed a comprehensive assessment of WM performance and anxiety symptomatology. Data were collected using a variety of remote assessment methods (e.g., web-based neurocognitive tests, semistructured interview, report-based measures).
Results: The ETPKU group demonstrated significantly poorer WM performance as compared to the non-PKU group. The groups did not differ significantly in anxiety; however, high anxiety was more common in the ETPKU group (53% of sample) than the non-PKU group (33%). A significant interaction between anxiety, metabolic control (as reflected by Phe levels), and WM performance was observed for the ETPKU group. Individuals with high anxiety and/or high Phe levels (> 360 μmol/L) performed poorer than the non-PKU group. Individuals with low anxiety and relatively low Phe levels (< 360 μmol/L) performed comparably to the non-PKU group.
Conclusions: Anxiety was found to moderate the relationship between Phe levels and WM performance in individuals with ETPKU. This finding underscores the importance of accounting for anxiety when evaluating neurocognitive performance in individuals with ETPKU whether for research or clinical purposes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"The relationship between working memory and anxiety in individuals with early treated phenylketonuria (PKU).","authors":"Kelly M Boland, Meriah S Schoen, Rani H Singh, Hayley E Clocksin, Mackenzie N Cissne, Shawn E Christ","doi":"10.1037/neu0000942","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Although early diagnosis and treatment prevent the severe impairments associated with untreated phenylketonuria (PKU), individuals with early treated PKU (ETPKU) nonetheless experience significant neurocognitive and psychological sequelae, including difficulties in working memory (WM) and increased risk of anxiety. The primary objective of the present study was to examine the extent to which anxiety may moderate the relationship between ETPKU and WM performance.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A sample of 40 adults with ETPKU and a demographically comparable sample of 40 healthy adults without PKU completed a comprehensive assessment of WM performance and anxiety symptomatology. Data were collected using a variety of remote assessment methods (e.g., web-based neurocognitive tests, semistructured interview, report-based measures).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ETPKU group demonstrated significantly poorer WM performance as compared to the non-PKU group. The groups did not differ significantly in anxiety; however, high anxiety was more common in the ETPKU group (53% of sample) than the non-PKU group (33%). A significant interaction between anxiety, metabolic control (as reflected by Phe levels), and WM performance was observed for the ETPKU group. Individuals with high anxiety and/or high Phe levels (> 360 μmol/L) performed poorer than the non-PKU group. Individuals with low anxiety and relatively low Phe levels (< 360 μmol/L) performed comparably to the non-PKU group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Anxiety was found to moderate the relationship between Phe levels and WM performance in individuals with ETPKU. This finding underscores the importance of accounting for anxiety when evaluating neurocognitive performance in individuals with ETPKU whether for research or clinical purposes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"368-378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139651292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-02-15DOI: 10.1037/neu0000947
Emilie Delage, Isabelle Rouleau, Marc-Antoine Akzam-Ouellette, Frédérique Roy-Côté, Sven Joubert
Objective: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), and about half of older people with MCI will progress to AD within the next 5 years. The aim of the present study was to compare the semantic performance of MCI progressors (MCI-p) and nonprogressors (MCI-np). The hypothesis was that MCI-p would present with poorer semantic performance relative to MCI-np at baseline, indicating that semantic deficits may increase the risk of future decline toward AD.
Method: Fifty-six MCI participants (aged 65-89) from the Consortium for Early Identification of Alzheimer's Disease-Quebec study were analyzed, with 18 progressing and 38 remaining stable over 2 years. Analysis of covariance assessed their initial semantic and nonsemantic cognitive performance, and mixed analyses of variance gauged longitudinal patterns of cognitive decline at the 2-year follow-up.
Results: In the semantic domain, MCI-p performed significantly worse than MCI-np at baseline on two semantic tests (category fluency and object decision). In other cognitive domains, MCI-p performed worse than MCI-np on a test of executive functions (cognitive flexibility) but showed similar performance on a test of episodic memory. There were no significant differences between groups in the rates of progression on semantic tests over the 2-year period, but a steeper decline was observed in MCI-p at follow-up on tests of global cognition, episodic memory, and processing speed.
Conclusion: This suggest that MCI patients who present with semantic memory impairment in addition to episodic memory impairment are at greater risk of future progression to AD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"An examination of semantic performance in mild cognitive impairment progressors and nonprogressors.","authors":"Emilie Delage, Isabelle Rouleau, Marc-Antoine Akzam-Ouellette, Frédérique Roy-Côté, Sven Joubert","doi":"10.1037/neu0000947","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), and about half of older people with MCI will progress to AD within the next 5 years. The aim of the present study was to compare the semantic performance of MCI progressors (MCI-p) and nonprogressors (MCI-np). The hypothesis was that MCI-p would present with poorer semantic performance relative to MCI-np at baseline, indicating that semantic deficits may increase the risk of future decline toward AD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Fifty-six MCI participants (aged 65-89) from the Consortium for Early Identification of Alzheimer's Disease-Quebec study were analyzed, with 18 progressing and 38 remaining stable over 2 years. Analysis of covariance assessed their initial semantic and nonsemantic cognitive performance, and mixed analyses of variance gauged longitudinal patterns of cognitive decline at the 2-year follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the semantic domain, MCI-p performed significantly worse than MCI-np at baseline on two semantic tests (category fluency and object decision). In other cognitive domains, MCI-p performed worse than MCI-np on a test of executive functions (cognitive flexibility) but showed similar performance on a test of episodic memory. There were no significant differences between groups in the rates of progression on semantic tests over the 2-year period, but a steeper decline was observed in MCI-p at follow-up on tests of global cognition, episodic memory, and processing speed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This suggest that MCI patients who present with semantic memory impairment in addition to episodic memory impairment are at greater risk of future progression to AD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"309-321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139735751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-02-08DOI: 10.1037/neu0000931
Ángel Yorca-Ruiz, Nancy Murillo-García, Rebeca Magdaleno Herrero, Alexandre Díaz-Pons, Víctor Ortiz García de la Foz, Luis Manuel Fernández Cacho, Mónica L Fanarraga, Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
Objective: The processing speed (PS) is highly impacted in individuals experiencing their first episode of psychosis (FEP). Conducting family studies can help to determine whether PS can serve as an endophenotype of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs), offering valuable insights into the prevention and diagnosis of SSDs.
Method: A comprehensive cognitive battery, encompassing tests for PS, verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, executive functions, motor dexterity, and attention, was administered to a sample consisting of 133 FEP patients, 146 parents, 98 siblings, and 202 healthy controls (HCs). Univariate analyses (analysis of covariance [ANCOVA]) were conducted to compare the different cognitive domains between groups, utilizing sex, age, and years of education as covariates and Bonferroni corrections. Effect sizes (ESs) were calculated for estimating the magnitude of differences between groups.
Results: Group comparisons revealed significant differences in all cognitive domains. PS was the most impaired function in patients. Parents and siblings had intermediate PS performance between FEP patients and HC. Large ES were observed in PS between FEP versus siblings, FEP versus controls, parents versus controls, and parents versus siblings.
Conclusions: Despite not meeting all the necessary criteria, the PS observed in FEP patients and their first-degree relatives suggests its potential as a promising endophenotype of SSDs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Processing speed in first episode of psychosis and first-degree relatives: A candidate endophenotype of spectrum schizophrenia disorders.","authors":"Ángel Yorca-Ruiz, Nancy Murillo-García, Rebeca Magdaleno Herrero, Alexandre Díaz-Pons, Víctor Ortiz García de la Foz, Luis Manuel Fernández Cacho, Mónica L Fanarraga, Rosa Ayesa-Arriola","doi":"10.1037/neu0000931","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The processing speed (PS) is highly impacted in individuals experiencing their first episode of psychosis (FEP). Conducting family studies can help to determine whether PS can serve as an endophenotype of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs), offering valuable insights into the prevention and diagnosis of SSDs.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A comprehensive cognitive battery, encompassing tests for PS, verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, executive functions, motor dexterity, and attention, was administered to a sample consisting of 133 FEP patients, 146 parents, 98 siblings, and 202 healthy controls (HCs). Univariate analyses (analysis of covariance [ANCOVA]) were conducted to compare the different cognitive domains between groups, utilizing sex, age, and years of education as covariates and Bonferroni corrections. Effect sizes (ESs) were calculated for estimating the magnitude of differences between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group comparisons revealed significant differences in all cognitive domains. PS was the most impaired function in patients. Parents and siblings had intermediate PS performance between FEP patients and HC. Large ES were observed in PS between FEP versus siblings, FEP versus controls, parents versus controls, and parents versus siblings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite not meeting all the necessary criteria, the PS observed in FEP patients and their first-degree relatives suggests its potential as a promising endophenotype of SSDs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"357-367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139707397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nikita Tuli Sood, Celia Godfrey, Daina Krasts, Elle Morrison, Clara Chavez Arana, Stephen J C Hearps, Vicki Anderson, Cathy Catroppa
To evaluate the effectiveness of Cogmed Working Memory Training (Cogmed) in improving working memory (WM) and decision making (DM) in childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI), and any associated increases in functional outcomes such as academic achievement in mathematics, behavior, social skills, and quality of life.
{"title":"Rehabilitation of Executive Function in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury (REPeaT): Outcomes of a pilot randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Nikita Tuli Sood, Celia Godfrey, Daina Krasts, Elle Morrison, Clara Chavez Arana, Stephen J C Hearps, Vicki Anderson, Cathy Catroppa","doi":"10.1037/neu0000951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000951","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the effectiveness of Cogmed Working Memory Training (Cogmed) in improving working memory (WM) and decision making (DM) in childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI), and any associated increases in functional outcomes such as academic achievement in mathematics, behavior, social skills, and quality of life.","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140630500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicole S McKay, Peter R Millar, Jessica Nicosia, Andrew J Aschenbrenner, Brian A Gordon, Tammie L S Benzinger, Carolos C Cruchaga, Suzanne E Schindler, John C Morris, Jason Hassenstab
We aimed to illustrate how complex cognitive data can be used to create domain-specific and general cognitive composites relevant to Alzheimer disease research.
我们旨在说明如何利用复杂的认知数据来创建与阿尔茨海默病研究相关的特定领域和一般认知复合数据。
{"title":"Pick a PACC: Comparing domain-specific and general cognitive composites in Alzheimer disease research.","authors":"Nicole S McKay, Peter R Millar, Jessica Nicosia, Andrew J Aschenbrenner, Brian A Gordon, Tammie L S Benzinger, Carolos C Cruchaga, Suzanne E Schindler, John C Morris, Jason Hassenstab","doi":"10.1037/neu0000949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000949","url":null,"abstract":"We aimed to illustrate how complex cognitive data can be used to create domain-specific and general cognitive composites relevant to Alzheimer disease research.","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140560626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kayla M Whearty, Ivan Ruiz, Anna R Knippenberg, Gregory P Strauss
The present study explored the hypothesis that anhedonia reflects an emotional memory impairment for pleasant stimuli, rather than diminished hedonic capacity in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ).
{"title":"Anhedonia reflects an encoding deficit for pleasant stimuli in schizophrenia: Evidence from the emotion-induced memory trade-off eye-tracking paradigm.","authors":"Kayla M Whearty, Ivan Ruiz, Anna R Knippenberg, Gregory P Strauss","doi":"10.1037/neu0000908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000908","url":null,"abstract":"The present study explored the hypothesis that anhedonia reflects an emotional memory impairment for pleasant stimuli, rather than diminished hedonic capacity in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ).","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140560014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-02-08DOI: 10.1037/neu0000925
Andreja Speh, Nicola Maria Payton, Milica G Kramberger, Giulia Grande, Chengxuan Qiu, Bengt Winblad, Laura Fratiglioni, Lars Bäckman, Erika J Laukka
Objective: We investigated whether vascular risk factors (VRFs), assessed with Life's Simple 7 (LS7), are associated with the rate of cognitive decline in the years preceding a dementia diagnosis.
Method: This study included 1,449 stroke-free participants aged ≥60 years from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen, who underwent repeated neuropsychological testing (episodic memory, semantic memory, verbal fluency, perceptual speed) across 12 years. The LS7 score, assessed at baseline, included smoking, diet, physical activity, body mass index, plasma glucose, total cholesterol, and blood pressure. Preclinical dementia was defined as being dementia-free at baseline and diagnosed with dementia during follow-up. Level and change in cognitive performance as a function of LS7 category (poor vs. intermediate to optimal) and future dementia status were estimated using linear mixed-effect models.
Results: Participants who later developed dementia had, on average, a poorer LS7 score compared to those who remained dementia-free. For individuals aged 60-72 years, poor diet was associated with accelerated decline in perceptual speed (β = -0.05, 95% CI [-0.08, -0.02]), and a poor glucose score was associated with faster rates of verbal fluency (β = -0.019, 95% CI [-0.09, -0.01]) and global cognitive (β = -0.028, 95% CI [-0.06, 0.00]) decline in the preclinical dementia group.
Conclusions: VRFs exacerbate rate of cognitive decline in the years preceding a dementia diagnosis. This effect was most pronounced in young-old age and primarily driven by diet and glucose. The effect of VRFs may be especially detrimental for cognitive decline trajectories of individuals with impending dementia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
目的我们通过 "生活简单 7"(LS7)评估了血管风险因素(VRFs),并研究了这些因素是否与痴呆症诊断前几年的认知能力下降率有关:这项研究纳入了 1,449 名年龄≥60 岁的无中风参与者,他们来自瑞典 Kungsholmen 的国家老龄化与护理研究,在 12 年中反复接受了神经心理学测试(外显记忆、语义记忆、语言流畅性、感知速度)。基线评估的 LS7 评分包括吸烟、饮食、体力活动、体重指数、血浆葡萄糖、总胆固醇和血压。临床前痴呆症的定义是基线时无痴呆症,但在随访期间被诊断为痴呆症。使用线性混合效应模型估算了认知能力水平和变化与LS7类别(差与中到最佳)和未来痴呆状态的函数关系:结果:与未患痴呆症的参与者相比,后来患上痴呆症的参与者的 LS7 平均得分较低。对于 60-72 岁的人来说,不良饮食与感知速度的加速下降有关(β = -0.05,95% CI [-0.08,-0.02]),而不良葡萄糖评分与临床前痴呆组言语流畅性(β = -0.019,95% CI [-0.09,-0.01])和整体认知能力(β = -0.028,95% CI [-0.06,0.00])的加速下降有关:VRFs会加剧痴呆诊断前几年的认知能力下降率。这种影响在年轻时最为明显,主要受饮食和葡萄糖的影响。VRFs的影响可能对即将患痴呆症的人的认知能力下降轨迹尤为不利。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,版权所有)。
{"title":"Cardiovascular health and rate of cognitive decline in preclinical dementia: A 12-year population-based study.","authors":"Andreja Speh, Nicola Maria Payton, Milica G Kramberger, Giulia Grande, Chengxuan Qiu, Bengt Winblad, Laura Fratiglioni, Lars Bäckman, Erika J Laukka","doi":"10.1037/neu0000925","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We investigated whether vascular risk factors (VRFs), assessed with Life's Simple 7 (LS7), are associated with the rate of cognitive decline in the years preceding a dementia diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study included 1,449 stroke-free participants aged ≥60 years from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen, who underwent repeated neuropsychological testing (episodic memory, semantic memory, verbal fluency, perceptual speed) across 12 years. The LS7 score, assessed at baseline, included smoking, diet, physical activity, body mass index, plasma glucose, total cholesterol, and blood pressure. Preclinical dementia was defined as being dementia-free at baseline and diagnosed with dementia during follow-up. Level and change in cognitive performance as a function of LS7 category (poor vs. intermediate to optimal) and future dementia status were estimated using linear mixed-effect models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants who later developed dementia had, on average, a poorer LS7 score compared to those who remained dementia-free. For individuals aged 60-72 years, poor diet was associated with accelerated decline in perceptual speed (β = -0.05, 95% CI [-0.08, -0.02]), and a poor glucose score was associated with faster rates of verbal fluency (β = -0.019, 95% CI [-0.09, -0.01]) and global cognitive (β = -0.028, 95% CI [-0.06, 0.00]) decline in the preclinical dementia group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>VRFs exacerbate rate of cognitive decline in the years preceding a dementia diagnosis. This effect was most pronounced in young-old age and primarily driven by diet and glucose. The effect of VRFs may be especially detrimental for cognitive decline trajectories of individuals with impending dementia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"211-222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139707395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}