Magdalena Beran, Emma L Twait, Annelot P Smit, Marleen F Posthuma, Demi van Dijk, Katherinne M Rabanal, Dayanara Rosado, Roxanna J Flores, Carolyn L Qian, Shana S Samuel, Gelan Ying, Richard Mayeux, Thomas T van Sloten, Miranda T Schram, Jennifer J Manly, Mirjam I Geerlings, Jet M J Vonk
Objective: We aimed to estimate the association of age, education, and sex/gender with semantic fluency performance as measured by the standard total number of words as well as novel item-level metrics and to descriptively compare associations across cohorts with different recruitment strategies and sample compositions.
Method: Cross-sectional data from 2,391 individuals from three cohorts were used: Washington Heights/Inwood Columbia Aging Project, a community-based cohort; Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease-Magnetic Resonance, a clinic-based cohort; and African American Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Study, a volunteer-based cohort. Total number of correct words and six item-level semantic fluency metrics were included as main outcomes: average cluster size, number of cluster switches, lexical/Zipf frequency, age of acquisition, and lexical decision response time. General linear models were run separately in each cohort to model the association between sociodemographic variables and semantic fluency metrics.
Results: Across cohorts, older age was associated with a lower total score and fewer cluster switches. Higher level of education was associated with naming more words, performing more cluster switches, and naming words with a longer lexical decision response time, lower frequency of occurrence, or later age of acquisition. Being female compared to male was associated with naming fewer words, smaller cluster sizes, naming words with a longer lexical decision response time, and lower age of acquisition. The effects varied in strength but were in a similar direction across cohorts.
Conclusions: Item-level semantic fluency metrics-similar to the standard total score-are sensitive to the effects of age, education, and sex/gender. The results suggest geographical, cultural, and cross-linguistic generalizability of these sociodemographic effects on semantic fluency performance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
目的我们的目的是估计年龄、教育程度和性别与语义流利程度的关系,语义流利程度是通过标准单词总数以及新的条目级指标来衡量的,并对不同招募策略和样本组成的队列之间的关系进行描述性比较:研究使用了来自三个队列的 2391 人的横截面数据:华盛顿高地/英伍德哥伦比亚老龄化项目是一项基于社区的队列研究;动脉疾病的第二次表现--磁共振是一项基于诊所的队列研究;非裔美国人阿尔茨海默病遗传学研究是一项基于志愿者的队列研究。主要结果包括正确单词总数和六个项目级语义流畅度指标:平均聚类大小、聚类切换次数、词性/Zipf频率、习得年龄和词性决策响应时间。在每个队列中分别运行一般线性模型,以模拟社会人口变量与语义流畅度指标之间的关联:结果:在所有组群中,年龄越大,总分越低,组群切换越少。受教育程度越高,命名的单词越多,群组转换越多,命名单词的词性判断反应时间越长,出现频率越低,或获得单词的年龄越晚。与男性相比,女性与命名较少的单词、较小的词群规模、命名单词的词性判断反应时间较长以及较低的习得年龄有关。不同组群的影响强度不同,但方向相似:结论:项目层面的语义流畅度指标--类似于标准总分--对年龄、教育程度和性别的影响非常敏感。结果表明,这些社会人口因素对语义流畅性表现的影响具有地域、文化和跨语言的普遍性。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
{"title":"The association of sociodemographic factors with total and item-level semantic fluency metrics.","authors":"Magdalena Beran, Emma L Twait, Annelot P Smit, Marleen F Posthuma, Demi van Dijk, Katherinne M Rabanal, Dayanara Rosado, Roxanna J Flores, Carolyn L Qian, Shana S Samuel, Gelan Ying, Richard Mayeux, Thomas T van Sloten, Miranda T Schram, Jennifer J Manly, Mirjam I Geerlings, Jet M J Vonk","doi":"10.1037/neu0000955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to estimate the association of age, education, and sex/gender with semantic fluency performance as measured by the standard total number of words as well as novel item-level metrics and to descriptively compare associations across cohorts with different recruitment strategies and sample compositions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Cross-sectional data from 2,391 individuals from three cohorts were used: Washington Heights/Inwood Columbia Aging Project, a community-based cohort; Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease-Magnetic Resonance, a clinic-based cohort; and African American Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Study, a volunteer-based cohort. Total number of correct words and six item-level semantic fluency metrics were included as main outcomes: average cluster size, number of cluster switches, lexical/Zipf frequency, age of acquisition, and lexical decision response time. General linear models were run separately in each cohort to model the association between sociodemographic variables and semantic fluency metrics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across cohorts, older age was associated with a lower total score and fewer cluster switches. Higher level of education was associated with naming more words, performing more cluster switches, and naming words with a longer lexical decision response time, lower frequency of occurrence, or later age of acquisition. Being female compared to male was associated with naming fewer words, smaller cluster sizes, naming words with a longer lexical decision response time, and lower age of acquisition. The effects varied in strength but were in a similar direction across cohorts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Item-level semantic fluency metrics-similar to the standard total score-are sensitive to the effects of age, education, and sex/gender. The results suggest geographical, cultural, and cross-linguistic generalizability of these sociodemographic effects on semantic fluency performance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142109929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giulia Prete, Rocco Palumbo, Irene Ceccato, Adolfo Di Crosta, Pasquale La Malva, Valentina Sforza, Bruno Laeng, Luca Tommasi, Alberto Di Domenico, Nicola Mammarella
Objective: Emotional faces are automatically processed in the human brain through a cortical route (conscious processing based on high spatial frequencies, HSF) and a subcortical route (subliminal processing based on low spatial frequencies, LSF). How each route contributes to emotional face recognition is still debated, and little is known about this process in aging.
Method: Here, 147 younger adults (YA) and 137 older adults (OA) were passively presented with neutral, happy, and angry faces, shown as (a) unfiltered, (b) filtered at LSF, and (c) hybrid (emotional LSF superimposed to the neutral HSF of the same face). In a succeeding recognition phase, the same faces and new faces were shown as unfiltered, and participants were asked whether each face had been already presented in the encoding phase.
Results: Despite the better performance by YA compared with OA for neutral faces presented as unfiltered (cortical route), the performance of OA was better than that of YA for angry faces presented as hybrid and for happy faces presented at LSF and as hybrid.
Conclusions: We conclude that the activity of the subcortical route during the encoding phase facilitates emotional recognition in aging. Results are discussed in accordance with the dual-route model. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"The effect of aging on the dual-route model of emotion processing applied to memory recognition.","authors":"Giulia Prete, Rocco Palumbo, Irene Ceccato, Adolfo Di Crosta, Pasquale La Malva, Valentina Sforza, Bruno Laeng, Luca Tommasi, Alberto Di Domenico, Nicola Mammarella","doi":"10.1037/neu0000972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Emotional faces are automatically processed in the human brain through a cortical route (conscious processing based on high spatial frequencies, HSF) and a subcortical route (subliminal processing based on low spatial frequencies, LSF). How each route contributes to emotional face recognition is still debated, and little is known about this process in aging.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Here, 147 younger adults (YA) and 137 older adults (OA) were passively presented with neutral, happy, and angry faces, shown as (a) unfiltered, (b) filtered at LSF, and (c) hybrid (emotional LSF superimposed to the neutral HSF of the same face). In a succeeding recognition phase, the same faces and new faces were shown as unfiltered, and participants were asked whether each face had been already presented in the encoding phase.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Despite the better performance by YA compared with OA for neutral faces presented as unfiltered (cortical route), the performance of OA was better than that of YA for angry faces presented as hybrid and for happy faces presented at LSF and as hybrid.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We conclude that the activity of the subcortical route during the encoding phase facilitates emotional recognition in aging. Results are discussed in accordance with the dual-route model. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142109930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Troy A Webber, Steven P Woods, Sara A Lorkiewicz, Holley W Yazbeck, Elaine R Schultz, Andrew M Kiselica
Objective: Executive dysfunction is characteristic of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) but can be challenging to detect. Dispersion-based intraindividual variability (IIV-d) is hypothesized to reflect a sensitive index of executive dysfunction and has demonstrated relevance to functional decline but has not been evaluated in bvFTD.
Method: We report on 477 demographically matched participants (159 cognitively healthy [CH], 159 clinical Alzheimer's disease [AD], 159 clinical bvFTD/prodromal bvFTD) who completed the Uniform Data Set 3.0 Neuropsychological Battery. IIV-d was measured using the coefficient of variance (CoV; raw and demographically adjusted) across 12 Uniform Data Set 3.0 Neuropsychological Battery indicators and the informant-rated Functional Activities Questionnaire assessed daily functioning.
Results: Analysis of covariance showed that participants in the bvFTD/prodromal bvFTD group exhibited higher raw and demographically adjusted CoV compared to CH participants, at a very large effect size (d = 1.28-1.47). Demographically adjusted (but not raw) CoV was lower in the bvFTD/prodromal bvFTD group than the AD group, though the effect size was small (d = .38). Both CoV metrics accurately differentiated the bvFTD/prodromal bvFTD and CH groups (areas under the curve = .84), but not bvFTD/prodromal bvFTD and AD groups (areas under the curve = .59). Regression analyses in the bvFTD/prodromal bvFTD group indicated that higher IIV-d on both metrics was associated with greater daily functioning impairment, over and above covariates.
Conclusions: Compared to healthy adults, individuals with bvFTD/prodromal bvFTD show greater levels of performance variability across a battery of neuropsychological measures, which interferes with everyday functioning. These data demonstrate the clinical utility and ecological validity of IIV-d in bvFTD/prodromal bvFTD, though these findings should be replicated in more diverse samples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Cognitive dispersion and its functional relevance in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and prodromal behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia.","authors":"Troy A Webber, Steven P Woods, Sara A Lorkiewicz, Holley W Yazbeck, Elaine R Schultz, Andrew M Kiselica","doi":"10.1037/neu0000969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Executive dysfunction is characteristic of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) but can be challenging to detect. Dispersion-based intraindividual variability (IIV-d) is hypothesized to reflect a sensitive index of executive dysfunction and has demonstrated relevance to functional decline but has not been evaluated in bvFTD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We report on 477 demographically matched participants (159 cognitively healthy [CH], 159 clinical Alzheimer's disease [AD], 159 clinical bvFTD/prodromal bvFTD) who completed the Uniform Data Set 3.0 Neuropsychological Battery. IIV-d was measured using the coefficient of variance (CoV; raw and demographically adjusted) across 12 Uniform Data Set 3.0 Neuropsychological Battery indicators and the informant-rated Functional Activities Questionnaire assessed daily functioning.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of covariance showed that participants in the bvFTD/prodromal bvFTD group exhibited higher raw and demographically adjusted CoV compared to CH participants, at a very large effect size (<i>d</i> = 1.28-1.47). Demographically adjusted (but not raw) CoV was lower in the bvFTD/prodromal bvFTD group than the AD group, though the effect size was small (<i>d</i> = .38). Both CoV metrics accurately differentiated the bvFTD/prodromal bvFTD and CH groups (areas under the curve = .84), but not bvFTD/prodromal bvFTD and AD groups (areas under the curve = .59). Regression analyses in the bvFTD/prodromal bvFTD group indicated that higher IIV-d on both metrics was associated with greater daily functioning impairment, over and above covariates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared to healthy adults, individuals with bvFTD/prodromal bvFTD show greater levels of performance variability across a battery of neuropsychological measures, which interferes with everyday functioning. These data demonstrate the clinical utility and ecological validity of IIV-d in bvFTD/prodromal bvFTD, though these findings should be replicated in more diverse samples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142110010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sam Agnoli, Henry Mahncke, Sarah-Jane Grant, Zachary T Goodman, William P Milberg, Michael Esterman, Joseph DeGutis
Objective: Metacognition is disrupted in several clinical populations. One aspect of metacognition, global metacognitive bias (difference between objective and self-reported abilities), has shown to be particularly relevant to clinical functioning. However, previous studies of global metacognitive biases in populations with elevated depressive/posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms have not measured objective and self-reported abilities relative to normative samples, limiting the quantification of biases. Additionally, few studies have examined whether cognitive interventions can improve metacognitive biases or how this relates to depressive/PTSD symptom severity.
Method: A total of 84 participants with mild traumatic brain injury (77% veterans) performed PTSD and depression assessments along with self-reported and objective measures of global cognition. Age-adjusted norm-based z scores were used for self-reported and objective cognition, and bias was calculated by subtracting objective minus self-report scores. Participants then received 13 weeks of targeted cognitive training or entertainment games training (both providing performance feedback). Participants were assessed at baseline, immediately posttraining, and 3 months posttraining.
Results: We found large negative metacognitive biases in those with clinically significant severity of depressive symptoms (z score difference = -1.77), PTSD symptoms (-1.47), and depressive + PTSD symptoms (-2.29). Metacognitive biases improved after both targeted and entertainment training and was associated with reductions in depressive/PTSD symptom severity (r = -.41/-.42, respectively), led by the entertainment training group (r = -.54/-.46, respectively).
Conclusions: These findings show that clinically significant severity of depressive/PTSD symptoms is associated with substantial negative global metacognitive biases and preliminarily suggests that cognitive training may improve these biases and depressive/PTSD symptom severity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Negative global metacognitive biases are associated with depressive and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and improve with targeted or game-based cognitive training.","authors":"Sam Agnoli, Henry Mahncke, Sarah-Jane Grant, Zachary T Goodman, William P Milberg, Michael Esterman, Joseph DeGutis","doi":"10.1037/neu0000967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Metacognition is disrupted in several clinical populations. One aspect of metacognition, global metacognitive bias (difference between objective and self-reported abilities), has shown to be particularly relevant to clinical functioning. However, previous studies of global metacognitive biases in populations with elevated depressive/posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms have not measured objective and self-reported abilities relative to normative samples, limiting the quantification of biases. Additionally, few studies have examined whether cognitive interventions can improve metacognitive biases or how this relates to depressive/PTSD symptom severity.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 84 participants with mild traumatic brain injury (77% veterans) performed PTSD and depression assessments along with self-reported and objective measures of global cognition. Age-adjusted norm-based z scores were used for self-reported and objective cognition, and bias was calculated by subtracting objective minus self-report scores. Participants then received 13 weeks of targeted cognitive training or entertainment games training (both providing performance feedback). Participants were assessed at baseline, immediately posttraining, and 3 months posttraining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found large negative metacognitive biases in those with clinically significant severity of depressive symptoms (z score difference = -1.77), PTSD symptoms (-1.47), and depressive + PTSD symptoms (-2.29). Metacognitive biases improved after both targeted and entertainment training and was associated with reductions in depressive/PTSD symptom severity (<i>r</i> = -.41/-.42, respectively), led by the entertainment training group (<i>r</i> = -.54/-.46, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings show that clinically significant severity of depressive/PTSD symptoms is associated with substantial negative global metacognitive biases and preliminarily suggests that cognitive training may improve these biases and depressive/PTSD symptom severity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142110011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tamar H Gollan, Dalia L Garcia, Mayra Murillo, Jocelyn Vargas, Brandon Pulido, David P Salmon
Objective: The present study examined how years of immersion in a nondominant language affect (a) the degree of bilingualism as measured by picture naming scores and (b) the bilingual disadvantage relative to monolinguals.
Method: Forty-two older Spanish-English bilinguals named pictures in an expanded rapid administration version of the Multilingual Naming Test (MINT Sprint 2.0) in both languages and completed a language history questionnaire. English-speaking monolinguals (n = 138; from Gollan et al., 2024) named pictures in just one language.
Results: Spanish-dominant bilinguals named more pictures in the nondominant language but fewer pictures in the dominant language relative to English-dominant bilinguals. Increased years of immersion in the nondominant language increased naming scores in that language but decreased naming scores in the dominant language. When controlling for differences in age and education level, monolinguals named more pictures than bilinguals even in their dominant language, a difference that was numerically smaller for English-dominant bilinguals. However, two bilinguals who stated that they prefer to be tested in English scored much higher in Spanish.
Conclusions: Older bilinguals name fewer pictures than demographically matched monolinguals even when bilinguals are tested in their dominant language and especially if they report many years of immersion in their nondominant language. The bilingual disadvantage can be magnified if self-reported language preference is used to determine the language of testing. Accurate interpretation of bilingual picture naming scores requires a thorough language history and objective assessment in both languages, which can be done in relatively little time using rapid administration procedures. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Sprinting in two languages: Picture naming performance of older Spanish-English bilinguals on the Multilingual Naming Test Sprint 2.0.","authors":"Tamar H Gollan, Dalia L Garcia, Mayra Murillo, Jocelyn Vargas, Brandon Pulido, David P Salmon","doi":"10.1037/neu0000958","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study examined how years of immersion in a nondominant language affect (a) the degree of bilingualism as measured by picture naming scores and (b) the bilingual disadvantage relative to monolinguals.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Forty-two older Spanish-English bilinguals named pictures in an expanded rapid administration version of the Multilingual Naming Test (MINT Sprint 2.0) in both languages and completed a language history questionnaire. English-speaking monolinguals (<i>n</i> = 138; from Gollan et al., 2024) named pictures in just one language.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Spanish-dominant bilinguals named more pictures in the nondominant language but fewer pictures in the dominant language relative to English-dominant bilinguals. Increased years of immersion in the nondominant language increased naming scores in that language but decreased naming scores in the dominant language. When controlling for differences in age and education level, monolinguals named more pictures than bilinguals even in their dominant language, a difference that was numerically smaller for English-dominant bilinguals. However, two bilinguals who stated that they prefer to be tested in English scored much higher in Spanish.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Older bilinguals name fewer pictures than demographically matched monolinguals even when bilinguals are tested in their dominant language and especially if they report many years of immersion in their nondominant language. The bilingual disadvantage can be magnified if self-reported language preference is used to determine the language of testing. Accurate interpretation of bilingual picture naming scores requires a thorough language history and objective assessment in both languages, which can be done in relatively little time using rapid administration procedures. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141590854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supplemental Material for Disparate Trajectories of Cognitive Aging Among American Indian and Alaskan Native People With and Without HIV","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/neu0000950.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000950.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-05-23DOI: 10.1037/neu0000954
Skye King, Sven Z Stapert, Melloney L M Wijenberg, Ieke Winkens, Jeanine A Verbunt, Marleen M Rijkeboer, Joukje van der Naalt, Caroline M van Heugten
Objective: Psychometrically sound measures of catastrophizing about symptoms and fear avoidance behavior are needed to further applications of the fear-avoidance model in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) for research and clinical purposes. To this end, two questionnaires were adapted (minor), the Postconcussion Symptom Catastrophizing Scale (PCS-CS) and the Fear of Mental Activity Scale (FMA). This study aimed to investigate the factor structure, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and concurrent and construct validity of two adapted questionnaires in a sample of participants with mTBI compared to participants with orthopedic injury and healthy adults.
Method: One hundred eighty-five mTBI participants (40% female), 180 participants with orthopedic injury (55% female), and 116 healthy adults (55% female) participated in the study. All participants were assessed at two time points (2 weeks postinjury and 3 months) using self-reported questionnaires. Data were collected using online questionnaires.
Results: Findings indicated a three-factor model (magnification, rumination, helplessness) with a higher order factor (catastrophizing) for the PCS-CS and a two-factor model (activity avoidance and somatic focus) for the FMA. The results showed strong internal consistency, good test-retest reliability, and good concurrent and convergent validity for the PCS-CS and FMA across all samples.
Conclusions: This study has shown that the PCS-CS and FMA are psychometrically sound instruments and can be considered for valid and reliable assessment of catastrophizing about postconcussion like symptoms and fear-avoidance beliefs about mental activities. These instruments can be used in research and clinical practice applications of the fear-avoidance model and add to explanations of prolonged recovery after mTBI. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Psychometric properties of two instruments assessing catastrophizing and fear-avoidance behavior in mild traumatic brain injury.","authors":"Skye King, Sven Z Stapert, Melloney L M Wijenberg, Ieke Winkens, Jeanine A Verbunt, Marleen M Rijkeboer, Joukje van der Naalt, Caroline M van Heugten","doi":"10.1037/neu0000954","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Psychometrically sound measures of catastrophizing about symptoms and fear avoidance behavior are needed to further applications of the fear-avoidance model in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) for research and clinical purposes. To this end, two questionnaires were adapted (minor), the Postconcussion Symptom Catastrophizing Scale (PCS-CS) and the Fear of Mental Activity Scale (FMA). This study aimed to investigate the factor structure, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and concurrent and construct validity of two adapted questionnaires in a sample of participants with mTBI compared to participants with orthopedic injury and healthy adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>One hundred eighty-five mTBI participants (40% female), 180 participants with orthopedic injury (55% female), and 116 healthy adults (55% female) participated in the study. All participants were assessed at two time points (2 weeks postinjury and 3 months) using self-reported questionnaires. Data were collected using online questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings indicated a three-factor model (magnification, rumination, helplessness) with a higher order factor (catastrophizing) for the PCS-CS and a two-factor model (activity avoidance and somatic focus) for the FMA. The results showed strong internal consistency, good test-retest reliability, and good concurrent and convergent validity for the PCS-CS and FMA across all samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study has shown that the PCS-CS and FMA are psychometrically sound instruments and can be considered for valid and reliable assessment of catastrophizing about postconcussion like symptoms and fear-avoidance beliefs about mental activities. These instruments can be used in research and clinical practice applications of the fear-avoidance model and add to explanations of prolonged recovery after mTBI. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141081952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-05-23DOI: 10.1037/neu0000957
Natália Araújo Sundfeld da Gama, Grace Ane Morgana Cavalcanti Queiroz, Cássia de Alcântara, Marcelo Maroco Cruzeiro, Mariana Asmar Alencar, Caroline Martins de Araújo, Gabriel Ferreira Dias Gomide, Leonardo Cruz de Souza, Antônio Jaeger
Objective: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is often shown to cause episodic memory deficits. Here, we investigated whether such memory deficits are differentially expressed according to the emotional valence of stimuli and whether they are similarly reproduced in both individuals with sporadic ALS (sALS) and familial Type 8 ALS (ALS8).
Method: Twenty individuals with sALS, 18 individuals with ALS8, and 19 healthy controls were recruited for the study. After a neuropsychological and psychopathological assessment, all participants responded to a recognition memory test wherein images varying in terms of valence were initially shown. After a short interval, the images were shown again intermixed with new images, and the participants' task was to indicate whether each image was "old" or "new" and to estimate the confidence in their responses.
Results: Both the sALS and the ALS8 groups showed significantly lower recognition of positive relative to negative valence images (d = 0.92 and d = 0.74, respectively), an effect that was completely absent for healthy controls (d = 0.17). These effects were qualified by a significant interaction involving the factors of valence and group (ηp² = 0.12).
Conclusions: The current findings demonstrate that sALS and ALS8 are associated with decreased recognition of emotional information, an effect that is nonetheless restricted to positive valence stimuli. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
目的:肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(ALS)通常会导致外显记忆缺陷。在此,我们研究了这种记忆缺陷是否会根据刺激的情绪价位而有不同的表现,以及它们是否会在散发性 ALS(sALS)和家族性 8 型 ALS(ALS8)患者中相似地再现:研究招募了20名sALS患者、18名ALS8患者和19名健康对照者。在进行了神经心理和精神病理学评估后,所有参与者都对识别记忆测试做出了反应。经过短暂的间隔后,这些图像再次与新图像混合显示,参与者的任务是指出每幅图像是 "旧的 "还是 "新的",并估计其反应的可信度:sALS组和ALS8组对正面图像的识别率明显低于对负面图像的识别率(分别为d = 0.92和d = 0.74),而健康对照组则完全没有这种效应(d = 0.17)。这些效应还受到情绪和组别因素的显著交互作用的影响(ηp² = 0.12):目前的研究结果表明,sALS 和 ALS8 与情绪信息识别能力下降有关,但这种效应仅限于积极情绪刺激。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)。
{"title":"Memory for emotional information in sporadic and Type 8 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.","authors":"Natália Araújo Sundfeld da Gama, Grace Ane Morgana Cavalcanti Queiroz, Cássia de Alcântara, Marcelo Maroco Cruzeiro, Mariana Asmar Alencar, Caroline Martins de Araújo, Gabriel Ferreira Dias Gomide, Leonardo Cruz de Souza, Antônio Jaeger","doi":"10.1037/neu0000957","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is often shown to cause episodic memory deficits. Here, we investigated whether such memory deficits are differentially expressed according to the emotional valence of stimuli and whether they are similarly reproduced in both individuals with sporadic ALS (sALS) and familial Type 8 ALS (ALS8).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Twenty individuals with sALS, 18 individuals with ALS8, and 19 healthy controls were recruited for the study. After a neuropsychological and psychopathological assessment, all participants responded to a recognition memory test wherein images varying in terms of valence were initially shown. After a short interval, the images were shown again intermixed with new images, and the participants' task was to indicate whether each image was \"old\" or \"new\" and to estimate the confidence in their responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both the sALS and the ALS8 groups showed significantly lower recognition of positive relative to negative valence images (<i>d</i> = 0.92 and <i>d</i> = 0.74, respectively), an effect that was completely absent for healthy controls (<i>d</i> = 0.17). These effects were qualified by a significant interaction involving the factors of valence and group (η<i><sub>p</sub></i>² = 0.12).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current findings demonstrate that sALS and ALS8 are associated with decreased recognition of emotional information, an effect that is nonetheless restricted to positive valence stimuli. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141081948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-02-08DOI: 10.1037/neu0000941
Andrew J Aschenbrenner, Matthew S Welhaf, Jason J Hassenstab, Joshua J Jackson
Objective: Mind wandering refers to periods of internally directed attention and comprises up to 30% or more of our waking thoughts. Frequent mind wandering can be detrimental to ongoing task performance. We aim to determine whether rates of mind wandering change in healthy aging and mild cognitive impairment and how differences in mind wandering contribute to differences in attention and working memory.
Method: We administered a standard behavioral task, the Sustained Attention to Response Test, to measure mind wandering in healthy younger adults (N = 66), healthy older adults (N = 51), and adults with cognitive impairment (N = 38), that was completed daily for 3 weeks. The N-back test was also administered at a reduced frequency as a measure of working memory performance.
Results: Generally speaking, averaged across 3 weeks of testing, relative to healthy older adults, mind wandering was higher in younger adults and in cognitive impairment, although the specific patterns varied across mind wandering states. Multiple states of mind wandering also predicted working memory performance; however, reaction time variability tended to be the best predictor based on model comparisons. Each state was also modestly associated with different dispositional factors including mood and Agreeableness.
Conclusions: Patterns of mind wandering change across healthy aging and cognitive impairment and are related to individual differences in multiple dispositional factors and also working memory performance. These results suggest that different states of mind wandering should be measured and accounted for when modeling cognitive change in healthy and pathological aging. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Antecedents of mind wandering states in healthy aging and mild cognitive impairment.","authors":"Andrew J Aschenbrenner, Matthew S Welhaf, Jason J Hassenstab, Joshua J Jackson","doi":"10.1037/neu0000941","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Mind wandering refers to periods of internally directed attention and comprises up to 30% or more of our waking thoughts. Frequent mind wandering can be detrimental to ongoing task performance. We aim to determine whether rates of mind wandering change in healthy aging and mild cognitive impairment and how differences in mind wandering contribute to differences in attention and working memory.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We administered a standard behavioral task, the Sustained Attention to Response Test, to measure mind wandering in healthy younger adults (<i>N</i> = 66), healthy older adults (<i>N</i> = 51), and adults with cognitive impairment (<i>N</i> = 38), that was completed daily for 3 weeks. The <i>N</i>-back test was also administered at a reduced frequency as a measure of working memory performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Generally speaking, averaged across 3 weeks of testing, relative to healthy older adults, mind wandering was higher in younger adults and in cognitive impairment, although the specific patterns varied across mind wandering states. Multiple states of mind wandering also predicted working memory performance; however, reaction time variability tended to be the best predictor based on model comparisons. Each state was also modestly associated with different dispositional factors including mood and Agreeableness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patterns of mind wandering change across healthy aging and cognitive impairment and are related to individual differences in multiple dispositional factors and also working memory performance. These results suggest that different states of mind wandering should be measured and accounted for when modeling cognitive change in healthy and pathological aging. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11176040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139707393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-05-16DOI: 10.1037/neu0000956
David Andrés González, Jared F Benge
Objective: To evaluate the extent to which demographic factors-and their intersections-influence the applicability of items assessing activities of daily living (ADLs) in a sample of older adults.
Method: Participants' (n = 44,713) Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) scores from a multicenter database were evaluated to see how participant and collateral demographics, contextual, and clinical characteristics impacted ADL nonapplicability (NA). Collateral, contextual, and clinical characteristics were matched in those with and without NA. The effect of participant demographics and their interactions on NA responses were modeled with logistic regression.
Results: At least one FAQ item (most commonly bill payment, taxes, playing games, and meal preparation) was rated as NA in up to one third of participants across ethnoracial groups. Dementia staging had the largest impact on NA, followed by participant demographics. In a matched sample, logistic models revealed that participant demographics, in particular sex, best predicted NA. However, meaningful interactions with ethnoracial group were noted for bill payment, taxes, meal preparation, and game engagement, suggesting that demographic intersections (e.g., younger vs. older Latinxs) meaningfully predict whether a given ADL was applicable to an individual participant.
Conclusions: Neuropsychology is predicated on accurate assessments of both cognition and daily functioning and, in an increasingly diverse aging population, there should be careful consideration of demographic factors, their interactions, and historical contexts that drive day-to-day demands. This study establishes limitations of existing measures and paths forward for creating fair measures of functioning in older adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
目的评估人口统计学因素及其交叉因素在多大程度上影响了日常生活活动(ADLs)评估项目在老年人样本中的适用性:方法: 评估多中心数据库中参与者(n = 44,713 人)的功能活动问卷(FAQ)得分,以了解参与者和附带人口统计学特征、背景和临床特征对 ADL 不适用性(NA)的影响。在有和没有 NA 的患者中,附带特征、环境特征和临床特征是匹配的。采用逻辑回归法模拟了受试者人口统计学特征及其交互作用对 NA 反应的影响:在不同种族群体中,至少有一项常见问题(最常见的是账单支付、纳税、玩游戏和准备膳食)在多达三分之一的参与者中被评为 "NA"。痴呆症分期对 "无 "的影响最大,其次是参与者的人口统计学特征。在匹配样本中,逻辑模型显示,参与者的人口统计学特征,尤其是性别,最能预测 NA。然而,在支付账单、纳税、准备膳食和参与游戏等方面,人种群体之间也存在有意义的交互作用,这表明人种交叉(如年轻拉丁裔与年长拉丁裔)可有效预测特定的日常活动能力是否适用于个体参与者:结论:神经心理学的前提是对认知和日常功能进行准确评估,在日益多样化的老龄人口中,应仔细考虑人口因素、其相互作用以及推动日常需求的历史背景。本研究确定了现有测量方法的局限性,以及创建公平的老年人功能测量方法的前进方向。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
{"title":"Do we all do the same things? Applicability of daily activities at the intersection of demographics.","authors":"David Andrés González, Jared F Benge","doi":"10.1037/neu0000956","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the extent to which demographic factors-and their intersections-influence the applicability of items assessing activities of daily living (ADLs) in a sample of older adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants' (<i>n</i> = 44,713) Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) scores from a multicenter database were evaluated to see how participant and collateral demographics, contextual, and clinical characteristics impacted ADL nonapplicability (NA). Collateral, contextual, and clinical characteristics were matched in those with and without NA. The effect of participant demographics and their interactions on NA responses were modeled with logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At least one FAQ item (most commonly bill payment, taxes, playing games, and meal preparation) was rated as NA in up to one third of participants across ethnoracial groups. Dementia staging had the largest impact on NA, followed by participant demographics. In a matched sample, logistic models revealed that participant demographics, in particular sex, best predicted NA. However, meaningful interactions with ethnoracial group were noted for bill payment, taxes, meal preparation, and game engagement, suggesting that demographic intersections (e.g., younger vs. older Latinxs) meaningfully predict whether a given ADL was applicable to an individual participant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Neuropsychology is predicated on accurate assessments of both cognition and daily functioning and, in an increasingly diverse aging population, there should be careful consideration of demographic factors, their interactions, and historical contexts that drive day-to-day demands. This study establishes limitations of existing measures and paths forward for creating fair measures of functioning in older adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140945392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}