Pub Date : 2024-03-19DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00447-9
Hong Qin, Jin Liu, Qianxi Shao, Xiqing Zhang, Yingxue Teng, Shuweng Chen, Dazhen Zhang, Shuo Bao
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to discuss the corrosion loss and morphology of the pit and rust layer of carbon steel. It was found that the corrosion process is largely influenced by the cyclic shedding of surface corrosion products, in addition to being controlled by the mechanism of oxide film shedding and pit evolution. A corrosion mechanism (the mechanism of rust layer shedding) is proposed. As a result, in this paper, the corrosion process of the test steel is simulated by the cellular automata. It was set up that the mechanism of oxide film shedding, the mechanism of pit evolution, and the mechanism of rust layer shedding in Cellular Automata Simulation. The optimal time ratio and simulation parameters were found, and a predictable cellular automata corrosion simulation model was built, providing a solution for carbon steel’s service life prediction.
使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和 X 射线衍射（XRD）讨论了碳钢的腐蚀损耗及凹坑和锈层的形态。研究发现，腐蚀过程除了受氧化膜脱落和凹坑演变机理的控制外，在很大程度上还受表面腐蚀产物循环脱落的影响。本文提出了一种腐蚀机理（锈层脱落机理）。因此，本文用单元自动机模拟了试验钢材的腐蚀过程。在细胞自动机模拟中设定了氧化膜脱落机理、凹坑演变机理和锈层脱落机理。找到了最佳时间比和模拟参数，建立了可预测的细胞自动机腐蚀模拟模型，为碳钢的使用寿命预测提供了解决方案。
{"title":"Corrosion behavior and cellular automata simulation of carbon steel in salt-spray environment","authors":"Hong Qin, Jin Liu, Qianxi Shao, Xiqing Zhang, Yingxue Teng, Shuweng Chen, Dazhen Zhang, Shuo Bao","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00447-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00447-9","url":null,"abstract":"Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to discuss the corrosion loss and morphology of the pit and rust layer of carbon steel. It was found that the corrosion process is largely influenced by the cyclic shedding of surface corrosion products, in addition to being controlled by the mechanism of oxide film shedding and pit evolution. A corrosion mechanism (the mechanism of rust layer shedding) is proposed. As a result, in this paper, the corrosion process of the test steel is simulated by the cellular automata. It was set up that the mechanism of oxide film shedding, the mechanism of pit evolution, and the mechanism of rust layer shedding in Cellular Automata Simulation. The optimal time ratio and simulation parameters were found, and a predictable cellular automata corrosion simulation model was built, providing a solution for carbon steel’s service life prediction.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00447-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140164512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-16DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00449-7
Z. G. Qi, Q. Chen, Z. X. Wang, Z. Q. Song, K. B. Kim, J. Pang, X. H. Zhang, W. M. Wang
The Fe80PxC20-x ingots and amorphous ribbons (4.5 ≤ x ≤ 6.5) are arc melted and melt spun respectively. The Rhodamine B degradation performance of as spun and annealed ribbons are investigated with various methods. In present alloys, increasing P content (cP) can inhibit the precipitation of primary α-Fe and graphite phases, and promote the formation of eutectic α-Fe + Fe3C + Fe3P phases in ingots and annealed ribbons. With increasing annealing temperature (Tan), the primary α-Fe grain size of the ribbons with cP = 4.5 at.% increases gradually and that of the ribbons with cP = 6.5 at.% increases firstly and then decreases. The degradation performance and reusability of the ribbons show a similar Tan-dependent behavior, which can be explained by the size effect of the galvanic cells. Meanwhile, the saturation magnetisation Bs and coercivity Hc of the ribbons with cP = 4.5 and 6.5 at.% increase with increasing Tan, showing a near-linear change of the reaction rate constant k against ln (Bs·Hc). This work not only studies the mechanism of improving degradation performance for FePC amorphous alloys by annealing treatment, but also reveals a correlation between degradation performance and magnetization performance of FePC alloys.
分别采用电弧熔化和熔融纺丝的方法制备了 Fe80PxC20-x 晶锭和非晶带（4.5 ≤ x ≤ 6.5）。通过各种方法研究了纺丝和退火带的罗丹明 B 降解性能。在目前的合金中，增加 P 含量（cP）可抑制原生 α-Fe 和石墨相的析出，促进铸锭和退火带中共晶 α-Fe + Fe3C + Fe3P 相的形成。随着退火温度（Tan）的升高，cP = 4.5 at.%的带材的主α-Fe晶粒尺寸逐渐增大，cP = 6.5 at.%的带材的主α-Fe晶粒尺寸先增大后减小。带材的降解性能和可重复使用性表现出类似的谭氏依赖性，这可以用电化电池的尺寸效应来解释。同时，随着 Tan 值的增加，cP = 4.5 和 6.5 at.% 的带材的饱和磁化率 Bs 和矫顽力 Hc 也在增加，反应速率常数 k 与 ln（Bs-Hc）呈近似线性变化。这项工作不仅研究了退火处理改善 FePC 非晶合金降解性能的机制，还揭示了 FePC 合金降解性能与磁化性能之间的相关性。
{"title":"Improving the degradation and magnetization performance of FePC amorphous alloys by annealing treatment","authors":"Z. G. Qi, Q. Chen, Z. X. Wang, Z. Q. Song, K. B. Kim, J. Pang, X. H. Zhang, W. M. Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00449-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00449-7","url":null,"abstract":"The Fe80PxC20-x ingots and amorphous ribbons (4.5 ≤ x ≤ 6.5) are arc melted and melt spun respectively. The Rhodamine B degradation performance of as spun and annealed ribbons are investigated with various methods. In present alloys, increasing P content (cP) can inhibit the precipitation of primary α-Fe and graphite phases, and promote the formation of eutectic α-Fe + Fe3C + Fe3P phases in ingots and annealed ribbons. With increasing annealing temperature (Tan), the primary α-Fe grain size of the ribbons with cP = 4.5 at.% increases gradually and that of the ribbons with cP = 6.5 at.% increases firstly and then decreases. The degradation performance and reusability of the ribbons show a similar Tan-dependent behavior, which can be explained by the size effect of the galvanic cells. Meanwhile, the saturation magnetisation Bs and coercivity Hc of the ribbons with cP = 4.5 and 6.5 at.% increase with increasing Tan, showing a near-linear change of the reaction rate constant k against ln (Bs·Hc). This work not only studies the mechanism of improving degradation performance for FePC amorphous alloys by annealing treatment, but also reveals a correlation between degradation performance and magnetization performance of FePC alloys.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00449-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140139300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00445-x
Meili Liu, Luis Ruiz Pestana
The dissolution of silicate glasses has implications in diverse fields ranging from the immobilization of radioactive waste to the development of sustainable alternatives to Portland cement. Here, we used ab initio molecular dynamics simulations biased with well-tempered metadynamics to study Si-O-T bridge dissociation in calcium aluminosilicate glasses, crucial for understanding their dissolution. In a departure from the conventional Michalske-Freiman model, our findings reveal a nucleophilic substitution reaction mechanism characterized by a short-lived, 5-fold coordinated Si intermediate or transition state, depending on the Si bridge coordination, with a near-trigonal bipyramidal geometry. We find that the reorganization required for reaching this state causes the activation energy barriers to be dependent on the Si bridge coordination, with Si Q3 species serving as the rate-limiting step in the dissolution reaction. Our findings not only challenge long-standing theoretical models but also pave the way for more accurate and comprehensive frameworks for understanding the dissolution of silicate glasses in various applications.
硅酸盐玻璃的溶解涉及多个领域，从固定放射性废物到开发波特兰水泥的可持续替代品。在这里，我们利用偏重于良好温差元动力学的 ab initio 分子动力学模拟来研究钙铝硅酸盐玻璃中的 Si-O-T 桥解离，这对理解它们的溶解至关重要。与传统的 Michalske-Freiman 模型不同的是，我们的研究结果揭示了一种亲核置换反应机制，其特点是根据硅桥配位的不同，存在一种寿命短、5 倍配位的硅中间态或过渡态，其几何形状接近三棱双锥体。我们发现，达到这种状态所需的重组导致活化能垒取决于硅桥配位，而 Si Q3 物种是溶解反应的限速步骤。我们的发现不仅挑战了长期存在的理论模型，而且为更准确、更全面地理解各种应用中硅酸盐玻璃的溶解框架铺平了道路。
{"title":"Mechanisms and energetics of calcium aluminosilicate glass dissolution through ab initio molecular dynamics-metadynamics simulations","authors":"Meili Liu, Luis Ruiz Pestana","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00445-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00445-x","url":null,"abstract":"The dissolution of silicate glasses has implications in diverse fields ranging from the immobilization of radioactive waste to the development of sustainable alternatives to Portland cement. Here, we used ab initio molecular dynamics simulations biased with well-tempered metadynamics to study Si-O-T bridge dissociation in calcium aluminosilicate glasses, crucial for understanding their dissolution. In a departure from the conventional Michalske-Freiman model, our findings reveal a nucleophilic substitution reaction mechanism characterized by a short-lived, 5-fold coordinated Si intermediate or transition state, depending on the Si bridge coordination, with a near-trigonal bipyramidal geometry. We find that the reorganization required for reaching this state causes the activation energy barriers to be dependent on the Si bridge coordination, with Si Q3 species serving as the rate-limiting step in the dissolution reaction. Our findings not only challenge long-standing theoretical models but also pave the way for more accurate and comprehensive frameworks for understanding the dissolution of silicate glasses in various applications.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00445-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140135538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The emergent secondary phases and surface altered layer (SAL) during the aqueous corrosion of borosilicate glass have a great impact on its chemical durability. However, the formation and evolution of these structures are still unclear. Here, by studying the borosilicate glass altered at 90 °C in pore water, the water in pore space between glass powders, the formation of secondary phases could follow two ways: 1. the consumption of aqueous ions forms analcime, zeolite, calcium silicate and barite at the surface of glass; 2. the reorganization of silica aggregates leads to smectite within the SAL. Small-angle X-ray scattering and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy results show that the release of soluble elements and the formation of smectite within the SAL significantly increase the porosity of SAL. Furthermore, the layer containing smectite reorganizes inwardly and the crystallinity of smectite is gradually increased over time. The observations of transmission electron microscopy reveal that the dissolution of glass potentially goes through an interface-coupled dissolution-reprecipitation process.
硼硅玻璃在水腐蚀过程中产生的次生相和表面改质层（SAL）对其化学耐久性有很大影响。然而，这些结构的形成和演变仍不清楚。在此，通过研究硼硅玻璃在 90 °C 时孔隙水（玻璃粉之间孔隙中的水分）的变化，次生相的形成可能有两种途径：1.水离子的消耗在玻璃表面形成安石灰、沸石、硅酸钙和重晶石；2.二氧化硅聚集体的重组导致在 SAL 内部形成闪长岩。小角 X 射线散射和横截面扫描电子显微镜研究结果表明，可溶性元素的释放和 SAL 中烟晶石的形成显著增加了 SAL 的孔隙率。此外，随着时间的推移，含有闪长岩的层向内重组，闪长岩的结晶度逐渐增加。透射电子显微镜的观察结果表明，玻璃的溶解可能经历了一个界面耦合的溶解-再沉淀过程。
{"title":"Formation and evolution of secondary phases and surface altered layers during borosilicate glass corrosion in pore water","authors":"Kaifeng Wang, Yang Chen, Nathaniel Findling, Frederic Charlot, Laurent Charlet, Jiliang Liu, Zhentao Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00444-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00444-y","url":null,"abstract":"The emergent secondary phases and surface altered layer (SAL) during the aqueous corrosion of borosilicate glass have a great impact on its chemical durability. However, the formation and evolution of these structures are still unclear. Here, by studying the borosilicate glass altered at 90 °C in pore water, the water in pore space between glass powders, the formation of secondary phases could follow two ways: 1. the consumption of aqueous ions forms analcime, zeolite, calcium silicate and barite at the surface of glass; 2. the reorganization of silica aggregates leads to smectite within the SAL. Small-angle X-ray scattering and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy results show that the release of soluble elements and the formation of smectite within the SAL significantly increase the porosity of SAL. Furthermore, the layer containing smectite reorganizes inwardly and the crystallinity of smectite is gradually increased over time. The observations of transmission electron microscopy reveal that the dissolution of glass potentially goes through an interface-coupled dissolution-reprecipitation process.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00444-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140123831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00442-0
K. Kruska, M. J. Olszta, J. Wang, D. K. Schreiber
High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography are used to characterize the initial passivation and subsequent intergranular corrosion of degraded grain boundaries in a model Ni-30Cr alloy exposed to 360 °C hydrogenated water. Upon initial exposure for 1000 h, the alloy surface directly above the grain boundary forms a thin passivating film of Cr2O3, protecting the underlying grain boundary from intergranular corrosion. However, the metal grain boundary experiences severe Cr depletion and grain boundary migration during this initial exposure. To understand how Cr depletion affects further corrosion, the local protective film was sputtered away using a glancing angle focused ion beam. Upon further exposure, the surface fails to repassivate, and intergranular corrosion is observed through the Cr-depleted region. Through this combination of high-resolution microscopy and localized passive film removal, we show that, although high-Cr alloys are resistant to intergranular attack and stress corrosion cracking, degradation-induced changes in the underlying metal at grain boundaries make the material more susceptible once the initial passive film is breached.
利用高分辨率透射电子显微镜和原子探针层析成像技术对暴露在 360 °C 加氢水中的模型镍-30Cr 合金中退化晶界的初始钝化和随后的晶间腐蚀进行了表征。初始暴露 1000 小时后，晶界正上方的合金表面形成一层薄薄的 Cr2O3 钝化膜，保护下层晶界免受晶间腐蚀。然而，在初始暴露期间，金属晶界经历了严重的铬耗竭和晶界迁移。为了解铬耗竭对进一步腐蚀的影响，使用闪烁角聚焦离子束溅射掉了局部保护膜。进一步暴露后，表面无法再钝化，通过铬贫化区域观察到晶间腐蚀。通过这种高分辨率显微镜和局部被动膜去除相结合的方法，我们表明，虽然高铬合金具有抗晶间腐蚀和应力腐蚀开裂的能力，但一旦最初的被动膜被破坏，晶界处底层金属的降解诱导变化会使材料更容易受到影响。
{"title":"Intergranular corrosion of Ni-30Cr in high-temperature hydrogenated water after removing surface passivating film","authors":"K. Kruska, M. J. Olszta, J. Wang, D. K. Schreiber","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00442-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00442-0","url":null,"abstract":"High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography are used to characterize the initial passivation and subsequent intergranular corrosion of degraded grain boundaries in a model Ni-30Cr alloy exposed to 360 °C hydrogenated water. Upon initial exposure for 1000 h, the alloy surface directly above the grain boundary forms a thin passivating film of Cr2O3, protecting the underlying grain boundary from intergranular corrosion. However, the metal grain boundary experiences severe Cr depletion and grain boundary migration during this initial exposure. To understand how Cr depletion affects further corrosion, the local protective film was sputtered away using a glancing angle focused ion beam. Upon further exposure, the surface fails to repassivate, and intergranular corrosion is observed through the Cr-depleted region. Through this combination of high-resolution microscopy and localized passive film removal, we show that, although high-Cr alloys are resistant to intergranular attack and stress corrosion cracking, degradation-induced changes in the underlying metal at grain boundaries make the material more susceptible once the initial passive film is breached.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00442-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140123811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00440-2
Shiyao Du, Feng Li, Flemming Bjerg Grumsen, Rajan Ambat, Ao Tang, Ying Li
Dendrite formation induced by electrochemical migration (ECM) is a common reliability problem occurring on printed circuit boards (PCBs), which significantly threatens the long-term safe operations of current implantable electronic devices (IEDs). Although several factors (i.e., contaminations, humidity, temperature) are proved to be the parameters closely related to ECM susceptibility of capacitors on a PCB under climate environments, further targeted research under other environments still needs to be conducted as ECM is highly environmental-dependent. Herein, the effects of bias potential and pitch dimension on ECM sensitivity are systematically studied using various sizes of capacitors on a test PCB under a human implantation environment. The finite element method first proves that a DC voltage pattern could be regarded as an accelerated test compared to other waveforms. Subsequent chronoamperometry tests using the DC potential further indicate that dendrite formation is closely related to pitch dimension under low bias potential, while under high bias potential electric field is also the dominating factor of dendrite formation for capacitors on a PCB. Benefiting from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique, the capacitor reliability under different corrosion states is also evaluated in a detailed manner. This work offers great value both in electronic corrosion mechanisms and future rational design for reliable IEDs.
{"title":"Effect of bias potential and dimension on electrochemical migration of capacitors for implantable devices","authors":"Shiyao Du, Feng Li, Flemming Bjerg Grumsen, Rajan Ambat, Ao Tang, Ying Li","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00440-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00440-2","url":null,"abstract":"Dendrite formation induced by electrochemical migration (ECM) is a common reliability problem occurring on printed circuit boards (PCBs), which significantly threatens the long-term safe operations of current implantable electronic devices (IEDs). Although several factors (i.e., contaminations, humidity, temperature) are proved to be the parameters closely related to ECM susceptibility of capacitors on a PCB under climate environments, further targeted research under other environments still needs to be conducted as ECM is highly environmental-dependent. Herein, the effects of bias potential and pitch dimension on ECM sensitivity are systematically studied using various sizes of capacitors on a test PCB under a human implantation environment. The finite element method first proves that a DC voltage pattern could be regarded as an accelerated test compared to other waveforms. Subsequent chronoamperometry tests using the DC potential further indicate that dendrite formation is closely related to pitch dimension under low bias potential, while under high bias potential electric field is also the dominating factor of dendrite formation for capacitors on a PCB. Benefiting from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique, the capacitor reliability under different corrosion states is also evaluated in a detailed manner. This work offers great value both in electronic corrosion mechanisms and future rational design for reliable IEDs.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00440-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140024843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the application of plasma treatment as a means to enhance biodegradation and modify the structural characteristics of fibrous composites. The methodological component of the study includes the selection of the research object; production of composites; low-temperature plasma treatment, and treatment of biodegradability and mechanical strength of samples. The strengthening of fibers with cellulose leads to a significant improvement in mechanical strength. Such an indicator as mechanical strength increases from 18 to 21 MPa. Treatment of natural fibers with low-temperature plasma led to an increase in mechanical strength from 18 to 25 MPa. Treating reinforced fibers with low-temperature plasma currently results in an even greater enhancement in mechanical strength, increasing from 18 to 29 MPa.The electron microscopy of samples reveals some differences in cell wall microfibrils between plasma-treated and non-treated samples. The non-treated fibres are found to have chips and voids. Meantime, the plasma-treated fibres show structural changes in certain regions which resemble wood charring. Through a comprehensive analysis, this research underscores the substantial impact of plasma treatment on the degradation kinetics and morphological features of cellulose-based composites. The results reveal distinct alterations in the composition and behavior of plasma-treated fibres, signifying a shift towards enhanced biodegradability. The natural fibres examined in this study contained 28–30% lignin, whereas the composites exhibited a lower lignin content of 21–23%. These findings corroborate the inference that plasma treatment induces significant changes in fibre structure, accelerating the biodegradation process by 7 days.
{"title":"Effects of plasma treatment on biodegradation of natural and synthetic fibers","authors":"Marzhan Nyssanbek, Natalya Kuzina, Valery Kondrashchenko, Abdugani Azimov","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00437-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00437-x","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the application of plasma treatment as a means to enhance biodegradation and modify the structural characteristics of fibrous composites. The methodological component of the study includes the selection of the research object; production of composites; low-temperature plasma treatment, and treatment of biodegradability and mechanical strength of samples. The strengthening of fibers with cellulose leads to a significant improvement in mechanical strength. Such an indicator as mechanical strength increases from 18 to 21 MPa. Treatment of natural fibers with low-temperature plasma led to an increase in mechanical strength from 18 to 25 MPa. Treating reinforced fibers with low-temperature plasma currently results in an even greater enhancement in mechanical strength, increasing from 18 to 29 MPa.The electron microscopy of samples reveals some differences in cell wall microfibrils between plasma-treated and non-treated samples. The non-treated fibres are found to have chips and voids. Meantime, the plasma-treated fibres show structural changes in certain regions which resemble wood charring. Through a comprehensive analysis, this research underscores the substantial impact of plasma treatment on the degradation kinetics and morphological features of cellulose-based composites. The results reveal distinct alterations in the composition and behavior of plasma-treated fibres, signifying a shift towards enhanced biodegradability. The natural fibres examined in this study contained 28–30% lignin, whereas the composites exhibited a lower lignin content of 21–23%. These findings corroborate the inference that plasma treatment induces significant changes in fibre structure, accelerating the biodegradation process by 7 days.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00437-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140016469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-27DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00443-z
Teng Xu, Qian-Yu Wang, Jin-Tao Zhang, Ji-Ming Hu
The poor dispersibility of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) is considered to be the main drawback limiting their application in anti-corrosive coatings. In this work, the problem is solved by combining LDHs with graphene (Gr). A facile electrochemically assisted deposition technique (EAT) is developed to prepare Gr/LDH micro/nano-containers. The high-barrier Gr and LDHs synergistically build a ‘labyrinth effect’ to lengthen the diffusion path of corrosive mediums. Moreover, corrosion inhibitors can be released from the interlayer galleries of LDHs and impede corrosion of metal substrate by substituting the aggressive ions. Therefore, the polyvinyl butyral (PVB) coatings doped with Gr/LDH micro/nano-containers pre-loaded with inhibitors 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) have both passive and active corrosion protection properties and provide excellent protection to copper substrate.
{"title":"Electrodeposited graphene/layered double hydroxides micro/nanocontainers for both passive and active corrosion protection","authors":"Teng Xu, Qian-Yu Wang, Jin-Tao Zhang, Ji-Ming Hu","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00443-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00443-z","url":null,"abstract":"The poor dispersibility of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) is considered to be the main drawback limiting their application in anti-corrosive coatings. In this work, the problem is solved by combining LDHs with graphene (Gr). A facile electrochemically assisted deposition technique (EAT) is developed to prepare Gr/LDH micro/nano-containers. The high-barrier Gr and LDHs synergistically build a ‘labyrinth effect’ to lengthen the diffusion path of corrosive mediums. Moreover, corrosion inhibitors can be released from the interlayer galleries of LDHs and impede corrosion of metal substrate by substituting the aggressive ions. Therefore, the polyvinyl butyral (PVB) coatings doped with Gr/LDH micro/nano-containers pre-loaded with inhibitors 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) have both passive and active corrosion protection properties and provide excellent protection to copper substrate.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00443-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139988285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00435-z
Can Özkan, Lisa Sahlmann, Christian Feiler, Mikhail Zheludkevich, Sviatlana Lamaka, Parth Sewlikar, Agnieszka Kooijman, Peyman Taheri, Arjan Mol
Creating durable, eco-friendly coatings for long-term corrosion protection requires innovative strategies to streamline design and development processes, conserve resources, and decrease maintenance costs. In this pursuit, machine learning emerges as a promising catalyst, despite the challenges presented by the scarcity of high-quality datasets in the field of corrosion inhibition research. To address this obstacle, we have created an extensive electrochemical library of around 80 inhibitor candidates. The electrochemical behaviour of inhibitor-exposed AA2024-T3 substrates was captured using linear polarisation resistance, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarisation techniques at different exposure times to obtain the most comprehensive electrochemical picture of the corrosion inhibition over a 24-h period. The experimental results yield target parameters and additional input features that can be combined with computational descriptors to develop quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) models augmented by mechanistic input features.
{"title":"Laying the experimental foundation for corrosion inhibitor discovery through machine learning","authors":"Can Özkan, Lisa Sahlmann, Christian Feiler, Mikhail Zheludkevich, Sviatlana Lamaka, Parth Sewlikar, Agnieszka Kooijman, Peyman Taheri, Arjan Mol","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00435-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00435-z","url":null,"abstract":"Creating durable, eco-friendly coatings for long-term corrosion protection requires innovative strategies to streamline design and development processes, conserve resources, and decrease maintenance costs. In this pursuit, machine learning emerges as a promising catalyst, despite the challenges presented by the scarcity of high-quality datasets in the field of corrosion inhibition research. To address this obstacle, we have created an extensive electrochemical library of around 80 inhibitor candidates. The electrochemical behaviour of inhibitor-exposed AA2024-T3 substrates was captured using linear polarisation resistance, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarisation techniques at different exposure times to obtain the most comprehensive electrochemical picture of the corrosion inhibition over a 24-h period. The experimental results yield target parameters and additional input features that can be combined with computational descriptors to develop quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) models augmented by mechanistic input features.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00435-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139915800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-16DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00441-1
Zushi Tian, Chuanqing Fu, Hailong Ye
Considering the complex coupling of steel corrosion in partially saturated concrete filled with water, the quantitative description of control mechanisms is still under debate. This work provides new experimental evidence supporting that diffusion control (relative diffusion coefficient) is the dominant mechanism in controlling corrosion rate by limiting the ferrous ion migration in unsaturated concrete. Furthermore, a new mechanism-based kinetic model is developed to predict the corrosion rate in different cementitious materials and corrosion conditions. In addition, the proposed kinetic model can quantify the variation of critical [Cl−]/[OH−] with degree of saturation, classify corrosive conditions, and predict the electrical resistivity and corrosion rate relationships.
{"title":"Mechanisms and kinetic model for steel corrosion in unsaturated cementitious materials","authors":"Zushi Tian, Chuanqing Fu, Hailong Ye","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00441-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00441-1","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the complex coupling of steel corrosion in partially saturated concrete filled with water, the quantitative description of control mechanisms is still under debate. This work provides new experimental evidence supporting that diffusion control (relative diffusion coefficient) is the dominant mechanism in controlling corrosion rate by limiting the ferrous ion migration in unsaturated concrete. Furthermore, a new mechanism-based kinetic model is developed to predict the corrosion rate in different cementitious materials and corrosion conditions. In addition, the proposed kinetic model can quantify the variation of critical [Cl−]/[OH−] with degree of saturation, classify corrosive conditions, and predict the electrical resistivity and corrosion rate relationships.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00441-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139745131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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