Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00470-w
Steffen Wackenrohr, Christof Johannes Jaime Torrent, Sebastian Herbst, Florian Nürnberger, Philipp Krooss, Johanna-Maria Frenck, Christoph Ebbert, Markus Voigt, Guido Grundmeier, Thomas Niendorf, Hans Jürgen Maier
Due to its excellent biocompatibility, pure iron is a very promising implant material, but often features corrosion rates that are too low. Using additive manufacturing and modified powders the microstructure and, thus, the material properties, e.g., the corrosion properties, can be tailored for specific applications. Within the scope of this study, pure iron powder was modified with different amounts of CeO2 or Fe2O3 nanoparticles and subsequently processed by Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-EB/M). The corrosion-fatigue behavior of CeO2 and Fe2O3 modified iron was investigated using rotation bending tests under the influence of simulated body fluid (m-SBF). While the modification using Fe2O3 showed reduced fatigue and corrosion-fatigue strengths, it could be demonstrated that the modification with CeO2 is characterized by improved fatigue properties. The superior fatigue properties in air are attributed to the positive impact of dispersion strengthening. Additionally, an increased degradation rate compared to pure iron could be observed, eventually promoting an earlier failure of the specimens in the corrosion fatigue tests.
{"title":"Corrosion fatigue behavior of nanoparticle modified iron processed by electron powder bed fusion","authors":"Steffen Wackenrohr, Christof Johannes Jaime Torrent, Sebastian Herbst, Florian Nürnberger, Philipp Krooss, Johanna-Maria Frenck, Christoph Ebbert, Markus Voigt, Guido Grundmeier, Thomas Niendorf, Hans Jürgen Maier","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00470-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00470-w","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its excellent biocompatibility, pure iron is a very promising implant material, but often features corrosion rates that are too low. Using additive manufacturing and modified powders the microstructure and, thus, the material properties, e.g., the corrosion properties, can be tailored for specific applications. Within the scope of this study, pure iron powder was modified with different amounts of CeO2 or Fe2O3 nanoparticles and subsequently processed by Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-EB/M). The corrosion-fatigue behavior of CeO2 and Fe2O3 modified iron was investigated using rotation bending tests under the influence of simulated body fluid (m-SBF). While the modification using Fe2O3 showed reduced fatigue and corrosion-fatigue strengths, it could be demonstrated that the modification with CeO2 is characterized by improved fatigue properties. The superior fatigue properties in air are attributed to the positive impact of dispersion strengthening. Additionally, an increased degradation rate compared to pure iron could be observed, eventually promoting an earlier failure of the specimens in the corrosion fatigue tests.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00470-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140881230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-04DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00459-5
Clara Linder, Bharat Mehta, Salil Sainis, Johan B. Lindén, Caterina Zanella, Lars Nyborg
Additive manufacturing opens new possibilities for designing light-weight structures using aluminium alloys. The microstructure of two Al alloys and their corrosion resistance in NaCl and natural seawater environments were investigated. The newly designed Al-Mn-Cr-Zr based alloy showed a higher corrosion resistance than reference AlSi10Mg alloy in both environments in as printed and heat-treated conditions. The corrosion initiated in the Al matrix along the precipitates in the alloys where the Volta potential difference was found the highest. The coarser microstructure and precipitate composition of the new Al-alloy led to the formation of a resistant passive film which extended the passivity region of the Al-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy compared to the AlSi10Mg alloy. The effect of heat treatment could be seen in the microstructure as more precipitates were found in between the melt pool boundaries, which affected the corrosion initiation and slightly the pitting resistance. Overall, this study shows that a newly designed Al-alloy for additive manufacturing has a suitable corrosion resistance for applications in marine environments.
{"title":"Corrosion resistance of additively manufactured aluminium alloys for marine applications","authors":"Clara Linder, Bharat Mehta, Salil Sainis, Johan B. Lindén, Caterina Zanella, Lars Nyborg","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00459-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00459-5","url":null,"abstract":"Additive manufacturing opens new possibilities for designing light-weight structures using aluminium alloys. The microstructure of two Al alloys and their corrosion resistance in NaCl and natural seawater environments were investigated. The newly designed Al-Mn-Cr-Zr based alloy showed a higher corrosion resistance than reference AlSi10Mg alloy in both environments in as printed and heat-treated conditions. The corrosion initiated in the Al matrix along the precipitates in the alloys where the Volta potential difference was found the highest. The coarser microstructure and precipitate composition of the new Al-alloy led to the formation of a resistant passive film which extended the passivity region of the Al-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy compared to the AlSi10Mg alloy. The effect of heat treatment could be seen in the microstructure as more precipitates were found in between the melt pool boundaries, which affected the corrosion initiation and slightly the pitting resistance. Overall, this study shows that a newly designed Al-alloy for additive manufacturing has a suitable corrosion resistance for applications in marine environments.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00459-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140834038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-04DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00469-3
Shuyu Li, Hao Li, Yan Zhang, Wei Yang, Peng Guo, Xiaowei Li, Kazuhito Nishimura, Peiling Ke, Aiying Wang
The corrosion failure of amorphous carbon (a-C) coatings is commonly ascribed to the existence of growth microdefects, which serve as pathways for corrosive fluids to permeate the substrate. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is renowned for its ability to augment the corrosion resistance of metallic materials. Graphite-like carbon (GLC) is one of the amorphous carbon materials dominated by hybridized sp2-C bonds. In this study, an ALD-deposited Al2O3 layer is specially introduced on the Cr/GLC multilayer coating to solve the aforementioned corrosion risk of a-C by taking the sealing conception for defects. Compared to the as-deposited Cr/GLC coating, the coating encapsulated with Al2O3 layer depicts the reduction of corrosion current density over two orders of magnitude under a wide pressure range of 0.1 ~ 15 MPa. Particularly, the presence of released Crn+ and Fen+ in the corrosion solution is significantly diminished, accompanying with a small quantity of Aln+ generated in sealed coating during corrosion. Microstructural analysis and electrochemical results identified that both the dense Al2O3 layer offered strong safeguard for Cr elements released from multilayers, whilst amorphous carbon network inhibited the likelihood chloride penetration induced by partially infiltrated Al2O3, which made the synergistic contributions to the enhancement of corrosion resistance for Cr/GLC coating for deep-sea applications.
{"title":"Dense Al2O3 sealing inhibited high hydrostatic pressure corrosion of Cr/GLC coating","authors":"Shuyu Li, Hao Li, Yan Zhang, Wei Yang, Peng Guo, Xiaowei Li, Kazuhito Nishimura, Peiling Ke, Aiying Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00469-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00469-3","url":null,"abstract":"The corrosion failure of amorphous carbon (a-C) coatings is commonly ascribed to the existence of growth microdefects, which serve as pathways for corrosive fluids to permeate the substrate. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is renowned for its ability to augment the corrosion resistance of metallic materials. Graphite-like carbon (GLC) is one of the amorphous carbon materials dominated by hybridized sp2-C bonds. In this study, an ALD-deposited Al2O3 layer is specially introduced on the Cr/GLC multilayer coating to solve the aforementioned corrosion risk of a-C by taking the sealing conception for defects. Compared to the as-deposited Cr/GLC coating, the coating encapsulated with Al2O3 layer depicts the reduction of corrosion current density over two orders of magnitude under a wide pressure range of 0.1 ~ 15 MPa. Particularly, the presence of released Crn+ and Fen+ in the corrosion solution is significantly diminished, accompanying with a small quantity of Aln+ generated in sealed coating during corrosion. Microstructural analysis and electrochemical results identified that both the dense Al2O3 layer offered strong safeguard for Cr elements released from multilayers, whilst amorphous carbon network inhibited the likelihood chloride penetration induced by partially infiltrated Al2O3, which made the synergistic contributions to the enhancement of corrosion resistance for Cr/GLC coating for deep-sea applications.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00469-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140833874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-04DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00460-y
Dong-Ho Shin, Seong-Jong Kim
Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating is a surface coating technology with excellent hydrogen permeation resistance and wear resistance. However, it is difficult to completely prevent hydrogen permeation, and when hydrogen penetrates into the coating layer, the DLC coating is adversely affected. Therefore, we investigated the effect of hydrogen embrittlement on the adhesion strength and wear resistance of the DLC coating layer. As the results of the research, the surface roughness of the DLC coating was increased by a maximum of 3.8 times with hydrogen charging, and the delamination ratio of the DLC coating reached about 58%. In addition, the Lc3, which refers to the adhesion strength corresponding to the complete delamination of the DLC coating, was decreased by a maximum of 2.0 N due to hydrogen permeation. In addition, the wear resistance decreased due to hydrogen permeation, and the exposed width of the substrate due to wear increased by more than 4 times. It was also determined that hydrogen blistering or hydrogen-induced cracking occurred at the interface between the DLC coating and the chromium buffer layer due to hydrogen permeation, which decreased the durability of the DLC coating.
{"title":"Effect of hydrogen embrittlement on mechanical characteristics of DLC-coating for hydrogen valves of FCEVs","authors":"Dong-Ho Shin, Seong-Jong Kim","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00460-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00460-y","url":null,"abstract":"Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating is a surface coating technology with excellent hydrogen permeation resistance and wear resistance. However, it is difficult to completely prevent hydrogen permeation, and when hydrogen penetrates into the coating layer, the DLC coating is adversely affected. Therefore, we investigated the effect of hydrogen embrittlement on the adhesion strength and wear resistance of the DLC coating layer. As the results of the research, the surface roughness of the DLC coating was increased by a maximum of 3.8 times with hydrogen charging, and the delamination ratio of the DLC coating reached about 58%. In addition, the Lc3, which refers to the adhesion strength corresponding to the complete delamination of the DLC coating, was decreased by a maximum of 2.0 N due to hydrogen permeation. In addition, the wear resistance decreased due to hydrogen permeation, and the exposed width of the substrate due to wear increased by more than 4 times. It was also determined that hydrogen blistering or hydrogen-induced cracking occurred at the interface between the DLC coating and the chromium buffer layer due to hydrogen permeation, which decreased the durability of the DLC coating.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00460-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140834161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-30DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00464-8
Evan DelVecchio, Tiffany Liu, Yen-Ting Chang, Yuheng Nie, Maryam Eslami, Marie A. Charpagne
The rapid solidification associated with additive manufacturing (AM) leads to complex microstructures with peculiar features amongst which cellular solidification structures are the most remarkable. These metastable structures possess a clear segregation pattern dictated by the solidification pathway of the alloy and are bounded by dislocation walls. While they confer exceptional strength and ductility to AM 316L stainless steel, their effect on localized corrosion in chloride environments remains to be established. Here, we employ correlative electron microscopy to reveal coupled chemical, electrochemical, and crystallographic effects on localized corrosion attack and its development. We show that the Cr and Mo-depleted interior of the cellular solidification structures dissolves selectively, giving rise to an intricate damage morphology, that is directly related to the underlying crystallographic orientation. Whereas surface observations only reveal apparently shallow micrometer-size cavities, 3D tomography via focused ion beam serial-sectioning shows a high degree of connectivity between these features underneath the surface. We reveal this intricate morphology, propose a formation mechanism, and discuss alloy design guidelines to mitigate this phenomenon.
与增材制造（AM）相关的快速凝固会导致具有特殊特征的复杂微结构，其中蜂窝状凝固结构最为显著。这些可转移结构具有由合金凝固路径决定的明显偏析模式，并以位错壁为界。虽然它们赋予了 AM 316L 不锈钢优异的强度和延展性，但它们对氯化物环境中局部腐蚀的影响仍有待确定。在这里，我们利用相关电子显微镜揭示了化学、电化学和晶体学对局部腐蚀及其发展的耦合影响。我们的研究表明，细胞凝固结构内部的缺铬和缺钼结构会选择性溶解，从而产生错综复杂的损伤形态，这与底层晶体学取向直接相关。表面观察只能发现明显的浅层微米级空洞，而通过聚焦离子束序列切片进行的三维断层扫描则显示出表面下这些特征之间的高度连通性。我们揭示了这种错综复杂的形态，提出了一种形成机制，并讨论了减轻这种现象的合金设计指南。
{"title":"Metastable cellular structures govern localized corrosion damage development in additive manufactured stainless steel","authors":"Evan DelVecchio, Tiffany Liu, Yen-Ting Chang, Yuheng Nie, Maryam Eslami, Marie A. Charpagne","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00464-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00464-8","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid solidification associated with additive manufacturing (AM) leads to complex microstructures with peculiar features amongst which cellular solidification structures are the most remarkable. These metastable structures possess a clear segregation pattern dictated by the solidification pathway of the alloy and are bounded by dislocation walls. While they confer exceptional strength and ductility to AM 316L stainless steel, their effect on localized corrosion in chloride environments remains to be established. Here, we employ correlative electron microscopy to reveal coupled chemical, electrochemical, and crystallographic effects on localized corrosion attack and its development. We show that the Cr and Mo-depleted interior of the cellular solidification structures dissolves selectively, giving rise to an intricate damage morphology, that is directly related to the underlying crystallographic orientation. Whereas surface observations only reveal apparently shallow micrometer-size cavities, 3D tomography via focused ion beam serial-sectioning shows a high degree of connectivity between these features underneath the surface. We reveal this intricate morphology, propose a formation mechanism, and discuss alloy design guidelines to mitigate this phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00464-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140817301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-25DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00462-w
Rakesh Bhaskaran Nair, Dermot Brabazon
Calcia-Magnesia-Alumino Silicate (CMAS) is a form of molten siliceous residue generated at elevated temperatures within aeroengines. CMAS adheres to the surface of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) and has the potential to cause significant damage to engine components, resulting in TBC failures. The aviation industry has long recognized CMAS as a substantial threat to aircraft engines, and this threat persists today. A substantial amount of research has been carried out, primarily focusing on gaining a fundamental understanding of the degradation mechanism of traditional TBCs manufactured using air plasma spraying (APS) and electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) technologies after CMAS attack. A thorough understanding of why CMAS forms, its role in causing severe spallation, and how to prevent it is of significant concern both academically and industrially. This review article provides a detailed examination of the chemistry of CMAS and the resulting degradation mechanisms that the TBC may encounter throughout the aeroengine service life. This article also explores recent research, incorporating case studies, on the impact of CMAS attack on the resulting chemical and structural modifications of the ceramic topcoats. Current strategies designed to mitigate CMAS infiltration and perspectives for enhanced mitigation are discussed.
{"title":"Calcia magnesia alumino silicate (CMAS) corrosion attack on thermally sprayed thermal barrier coatings: a comprehensive review","authors":"Rakesh Bhaskaran Nair, Dermot Brabazon","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00462-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00462-w","url":null,"abstract":"Calcia-Magnesia-Alumino Silicate (CMAS) is a form of molten siliceous residue generated at elevated temperatures within aeroengines. CMAS adheres to the surface of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) and has the potential to cause significant damage to engine components, resulting in TBC failures. The aviation industry has long recognized CMAS as a substantial threat to aircraft engines, and this threat persists today. A substantial amount of research has been carried out, primarily focusing on gaining a fundamental understanding of the degradation mechanism of traditional TBCs manufactured using air plasma spraying (APS) and electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) technologies after CMAS attack. A thorough understanding of why CMAS forms, its role in causing severe spallation, and how to prevent it is of significant concern both academically and industrially. This review article provides a detailed examination of the chemistry of CMAS and the resulting degradation mechanisms that the TBC may encounter throughout the aeroengine service life. This article also explores recent research, incorporating case studies, on the impact of CMAS attack on the resulting chemical and structural modifications of the ceramic topcoats. Current strategies designed to mitigate CMAS infiltration and perspectives for enhanced mitigation are discussed.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00462-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140648268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
State-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries inevitably suffer from electrode corrosion over long-term operation, such as corrosion of Al current collectors. However, the understanding of Al corrosion and its impacts on the battery performances have not been evaluated in detail. The passivation, its breakdown, and corrosion of the Al resulted in the deterioration of the solid/solid interface and electrode integrity. Additionally, localized diffusion of F−/Al3+ brought the irreversible current detrimental to the Coulomb efficiency (1.14% loss). Eventually, the behavior led to extensive capacity damage (>20%) to battery performance until lifespan. During the battery cycling, the passivation layer greater than 20 nm was generated near the median voltage. When the charging voltage rose, the passivation layer was squeezed and deformed by the newly generated Al-F-O particles, resulting in stress corrosion cracks. The passivation layer peeled off, and the nano-passivation layer material was re-generated as the voltage continued to rise. The above results were repeated, and the Al matrix was continuously consumed. The passivity breakdown with localized corrosion was derived from ethylene carbonate adsorption, which was highly correlated to the charge voltages, especially at 4.4 V and 4.8 V. The results will serve as a benchmark for electrode corrosion of other advanced energy storage materials, which is crucial for electrode engineering and performance modulation using interfacial design.
最先进的锂离子电池在长期运行过程中不可避免地会受到电极腐蚀的影响，如铝集流体的腐蚀。然而，人们对铝腐蚀及其对电池性能影响的了解还不够详细。铝的钝化、破坏和腐蚀导致固/固界面和电极完整性恶化。此外，F-/Al3+ 的局部扩散带来了不可逆电流，损害了库仑效率（损失 1.14%）。最终，这种行为导致电池容量大面积受损（20%），影响电池性能直至使用寿命。在电池循环过程中，中值电压附近会产生大于 20 nm 的钝化层。当充电电压升高时，钝化层受到新生成的 Al-F-O 颗粒的挤压并发生变形，从而产生应力腐蚀裂纹。随着电压继续升高，钝化层脱落，纳米钝化层材料重新生成。重复上述结果，铝基体不断被消耗。局部腐蚀导致的钝性击穿源于碳酸乙烯的吸附，这与电荷电压高度相关，尤其是在 4.4 V 和 4.8 V 时。研究结果将作为其他先进储能材料电极腐蚀的基准，这对利用界面设计进行电极工程和性能调节至关重要。
{"title":"Passivation and corrosion of Al current collectors in lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Pin Du, Jiale Wan, Jiakang Qu, Hongwei Xie, Dihua Wang, Huayi Yin","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00453-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00453-x","url":null,"abstract":"State-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries inevitably suffer from electrode corrosion over long-term operation, such as corrosion of Al current collectors. However, the understanding of Al corrosion and its impacts on the battery performances have not been evaluated in detail. The passivation, its breakdown, and corrosion of the Al resulted in the deterioration of the solid/solid interface and electrode integrity. Additionally, localized diffusion of F−/Al3+ brought the irreversible current detrimental to the Coulomb efficiency (1.14% loss). Eventually, the behavior led to extensive capacity damage (>20%) to battery performance until lifespan. During the battery cycling, the passivation layer greater than 20 nm was generated near the median voltage. When the charging voltage rose, the passivation layer was squeezed and deformed by the newly generated Al-F-O particles, resulting in stress corrosion cracks. The passivation layer peeled off, and the nano-passivation layer material was re-generated as the voltage continued to rise. The above results were repeated, and the Al matrix was continuously consumed. The passivity breakdown with localized corrosion was derived from ethylene carbonate adsorption, which was highly correlated to the charge voltages, especially at 4.4 V and 4.8 V. The results will serve as a benchmark for electrode corrosion of other advanced energy storage materials, which is crucial for electrode engineering and performance modulation using interfacial design.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00453-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140642039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00451-z
Yixuan Shi, Wei Xu, Haodong Che, Shangyan Zhao, Weiwei Chang, Xuan Li, Yuchen Lu, Chenran Xue, Dawei Zhang, Lu-Ning Wang, Yageng Li
The advent of additively manufactured biodegradable porous metals presents a transformative opportunity to meet the criteria of ideal bone substitutes. Precisely tailoring their degradation behavior constitutes a pivotal aspect of this endeavor. In this study, we investigated the effects of topological designs on the degradation profile of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) Zn scaffolds under dynamic in vitro immersion tests. Specifically, four types of Zn-0.4Mn-0.2Mg scaffolds (beam-based: diamond, face center cubic; surface-based: gyroid, schwarz-P) were designed and fabricated. The degradation mechanism of the scaffolds was comprehensively evaluated using both experimental and simulation methods. The results illuminate the profound impact of structural design on the degradation properties of the Zn alloy scaffolds. The beam-based diamond and face center cubic scaffolds exhibited a degradation rate of 0.08–0.12 mm per year with a relatively uniform degradation mode under dynamic immersion. On the contrary, the surface-based gyroid and Schwarz-P scaffolds demonstrated a notably reduced degradation rate due to lower permeability. This restricted the diffusion of medium ions within the pores, culminating in the accumulation of degradation products and more severe localized degradation. This study underscores the potential of topological design as a compelling strategy for tailoring the degradation profile of additively manufactured biodegradable scaffolds, thereby advancing their suitability as bone substitutes.
{"title":"The effect of topological design on the degradation behavior of additively manufactured porous zinc alloy","authors":"Yixuan Shi, Wei Xu, Haodong Che, Shangyan Zhao, Weiwei Chang, Xuan Li, Yuchen Lu, Chenran Xue, Dawei Zhang, Lu-Ning Wang, Yageng Li","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00451-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00451-z","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of additively manufactured biodegradable porous metals presents a transformative opportunity to meet the criteria of ideal bone substitutes. Precisely tailoring their degradation behavior constitutes a pivotal aspect of this endeavor. In this study, we investigated the effects of topological designs on the degradation profile of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) Zn scaffolds under dynamic in vitro immersion tests. Specifically, four types of Zn-0.4Mn-0.2Mg scaffolds (beam-based: diamond, face center cubic; surface-based: gyroid, schwarz-P) were designed and fabricated. The degradation mechanism of the scaffolds was comprehensively evaluated using both experimental and simulation methods. The results illuminate the profound impact of structural design on the degradation properties of the Zn alloy scaffolds. The beam-based diamond and face center cubic scaffolds exhibited a degradation rate of 0.08–0.12 mm per year with a relatively uniform degradation mode under dynamic immersion. On the contrary, the surface-based gyroid and Schwarz-P scaffolds demonstrated a notably reduced degradation rate due to lower permeability. This restricted the diffusion of medium ions within the pores, culminating in the accumulation of degradation products and more severe localized degradation. This study underscores the potential of topological design as a compelling strategy for tailoring the degradation profile of additively manufactured biodegradable scaffolds, thereby advancing their suitability as bone substitutes.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00451-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140642058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-20DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00456-8
Charlotte Cui, Fereshteh Falah Chamasemani, Priya Paulachan, Rahulkumar Sinojiya, Jördis Rosc, Michael Reisinger, Peter Imrich, Walter Hartner, Roland Brunner
Reliable connections of electrical components embody a crucial topic in the microelectronics and power semiconductor industry. This study utilises 3D non-destructive X-ray tomography and specifically developed machine learning (ML-) algorithms to statistically investigate crack initiation and propagation in SAC305-Bi solder balls upon thermal cycling on board (TCoB). We quantitatively segment fatigue cracks and flux pores from 3D X-ray tomography data utilising a multi-level ML-workflow incorporating a 3D U-Net model. The data reveals that intergranular fatigue cracking is the predominant failure mechanism during TCoB and that dynamic recrystallisation precedes crack initiation. Moreover, we find that fatigue cracks are initiated at surface notches, flux pores and printed circuit board-metallisation intrusions. The work provides important insights regarding the underlying microstructural and mechanical mechanisms for recrystallisation and cracking, uniting the aspects of big-data analysis with ML-algorithms and in-depth understanding about the underlying materials science.
电气元件的可靠连接是微电子和功率半导体行业的一个重要课题。本研究利用三维无损 X 射线断层扫描和专门开发的机器学习 (ML) 算法，对 SAC305-Bi 焊球在板上热循环 (TCoB) 时的裂纹起始和扩展进行了统计研究。我们利用结合了三维 U-Net 模型的多层次 ML 工作流程，从三维 X 射线断层扫描数据中定量分割疲劳裂纹和焊剂孔隙。数据显示，晶间疲劳裂纹是热转印过程中的主要失效机制，而动态再结晶则先于裂纹的产生。此外，我们还发现疲劳裂纹是在表面缺口、焊剂孔隙和印刷电路板金属化侵入处产生的。这项工作结合了大数据分析、ML 算法和对底层材料科学的深入理解，为再结晶和开裂的底层微结构和机械机制提供了重要见解。
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