Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00510-5
Salil Sainis, Dan Persson, Karin Törne, Johan Tidblad, Dominique Thierry
An approach involving the quantification of microstructure characterized by different techniques such as SEM, EDS, and SKPFM is statistically treated to provide a deeper insight into the influence of recycling AA6063 on localized corrosion susceptibility. Particularly, the intermetallic particles and the two forms of localized corrosion – pitting and intergranular corrosion are systematically documented, measured, and analyzed. Even trace amounts of Cu and Zn introduced into the alloy from recycling had a remarkable effect on the localized corrosion susceptibility. The study found that the initiation and early evolution of the two localized corrosions are in competition, and the predominance of one over the other is closely linked to the composition of the alloy, and microstructure. Recycled variants with higher trace Cu made the alloy more susceptible to pitting attack whereas higher trace Zn is linked with greater IGC susceptibility. The trace amount of higher Zn addition has a particularly beneficial effect on pitting susceptibility as it reduces the likelihood of pitting even in alloys with a higher trace Cu content. The SKPFM results obtained in this study provided a basis for the circumferential pitting susceptibility around intermetallic particles, as a higher volta potential difference (∆V) implied a higher driving force for corrosion. ∆V differences between the different variants were further explained based on trace recycled element distribution in the microstructure.
{"title":"The influence of recycling on the localized corrosion susceptibility of extruded AA6063 alloys","authors":"Salil Sainis, Dan Persson, Karin Törne, Johan Tidblad, Dominique Thierry","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00510-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00510-5","url":null,"abstract":"An approach involving the quantification of microstructure characterized by different techniques such as SEM, EDS, and SKPFM is statistically treated to provide a deeper insight into the influence of recycling AA6063 on localized corrosion susceptibility. Particularly, the intermetallic particles and the two forms of localized corrosion – pitting and intergranular corrosion are systematically documented, measured, and analyzed. Even trace amounts of Cu and Zn introduced into the alloy from recycling had a remarkable effect on the localized corrosion susceptibility. The study found that the initiation and early evolution of the two localized corrosions are in competition, and the predominance of one over the other is closely linked to the composition of the alloy, and microstructure. Recycled variants with higher trace Cu made the alloy more susceptible to pitting attack whereas higher trace Zn is linked with greater IGC susceptibility. The trace amount of higher Zn addition has a particularly beneficial effect on pitting susceptibility as it reduces the likelihood of pitting even in alloys with a higher trace Cu content. The SKPFM results obtained in this study provided a basis for the circumferential pitting susceptibility around intermetallic particles, as a higher volta potential difference (∆V) implied a higher driving force for corrosion. ∆V differences between the different variants were further explained based on trace recycled element distribution in the microstructure.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00510-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00446-w
Pavel Anatolyevich Nikolaychuk, Ernst Kozeschnik
Aluminum and magnesium are the lightest structural metals, and therefore, various alloys based on them are widely used in both, automotive and aerospace industries. However, aluminum and magnesium are very easily affected by atmospheric and aqueous corrosion, and, therefore, the alloying elements should enhance their corrosion stability. In this work, the thermodynamic analysis of phase and chemical equilibria involving aluminum and magnesium alloys doped with silicon in oxygen–containing air environments, as well as the analysis of chemical and electrochemical equilibria involving these alloys in aqueous environments is conducted. The phase and chemical equiliibria in the Al–Mg, Al–Si, Mg–Si, and Al–Mg–Si systems at 298 K are considered, and the thermodynamic activities of the components of common Al–Mg–Si system alloys are calculated. The invariant chemical equilibria in the systems Al–Mg–O, Al–Si–O, Mg–Si–O at 298 K are considered, the isothermal section of the state diagrams of these systems are plotted, and the oxidation scheme of the Al–Mg–Si system alloys in excess oxygen is proposed. The chemical and electrochemical equilibria in the Al–Mg–Si–H2O system at 298 K are considered and presented in form of the activity – pH and the potential – pH diagrams, and the oxidation of the Al–Mg–Si system alloys in aqueous environments is discussed.
铝和镁是最轻的结构金属，因此，以它们为基础的各种合金被广泛应用于汽车和航空航天工业。然而，铝和镁非常容易受到大气腐蚀和水腐蚀的影响，因此合金元素应增强其腐蚀稳定性。本研究对含氧空气环境中掺硅铝镁合金的相平衡和化学平衡进行了热力学分析，并对水环境中这些合金的化学平衡和电化学平衡进行了分析。研究考虑了 298 K 时 Al-Mg、Al-Si、Mg-Si 和 Al-Mg-Si 系统中的相平衡和化学平衡，并计算了常见 Al-Mg-Si 系统合金各组分的热力学活动。考虑了 298 K 下 Al-Mg-O、Al-Si-O、Mg-Si-O 体系的不变化学平衡，绘制了这些体系的等温段状态图，并提出了 Al-Mg-Si 体系合金在过量氧气中的氧化方案。考虑了 298 K 时 Al-Mg-Si-H2O 系统中的化学和电化学平衡，并以活度-pH 图和电位-pH 图的形式表示出来，还讨论了 Al-Mg-Si 系统合金在水环境中的氧化问题。
{"title":"Thermodynamic evaluation of the aerial and aqueous oxidation of Al – Mg, Al – Si and Al – Mg – Si system alloys at 298 K","authors":"Pavel Anatolyevich Nikolaychuk, Ernst Kozeschnik","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00446-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00446-w","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminum and magnesium are the lightest structural metals, and therefore, various alloys based on them are widely used in both, automotive and aerospace industries. However, aluminum and magnesium are very easily affected by atmospheric and aqueous corrosion, and, therefore, the alloying elements should enhance their corrosion stability. In this work, the thermodynamic analysis of phase and chemical equilibria involving aluminum and magnesium alloys doped with silicon in oxygen–containing air environments, as well as the analysis of chemical and electrochemical equilibria involving these alloys in aqueous environments is conducted. The phase and chemical equiliibria in the Al–Mg, Al–Si, Mg–Si, and Al–Mg–Si systems at 298 K are considered, and the thermodynamic activities of the components of common Al–Mg–Si system alloys are calculated. The invariant chemical equilibria in the systems Al–Mg–O, Al–Si–O, Mg–Si–O at 298 K are considered, the isothermal section of the state diagrams of these systems are plotted, and the oxidation scheme of the Al–Mg–Si system alloys in excess oxygen is proposed. The chemical and electrochemical equilibria in the Al–Mg–Si–H2O system at 298 K are considered and presented in form of the activity – pH and the potential – pH diagrams, and the oxidation of the Al–Mg–Si system alloys in aqueous environments is discussed.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00446-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142160333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00507-0
Meihui Sun, Xingyu Xiao, Xuexu Xu, Jiangwen Li, Tan Zhao, Li Gong, Cuiwei Du, Xiaogang Li
The influence of co-regulating Mo and Sn on the corrosion resistance of low alloy steel in tropical marine atmospheric was investigated. The combined addition of Mo and Sn has been found to significantly improve the corrosion resistance of low alloy steel, augmenting the protective capabilities of the rust layer. This combined addition promotes the formation of protective compounds like α-FeOOH and FeCr2O4 within the alloy rust layer. Furthermore, it facilitates the conversion of Cr, Ni and Cu into corrosion-resistant oxides such as Cr2O3, NiFe2O4 and CuO, thereby enhancing the density of the rust layer. Additionally, as corrosion progresses over time, higher levels of Sn addition lead to increased Sn content within the inner rust layer, consequently bolstering the protective qualities of the rust layer. This comprehensive understanding sheds light on the synergistic effects of Mo and Sn in fortifying the corrosion resistance of low alloy steel, offering insights for the development of advanced corrosion-resistant materials in marine environments.
研究了在热带海洋大气中共同调节 Mo 和 Sn 对低合金钢耐腐蚀性的影响。研究发现，Mo 和 Sn 的联合添加能显著提高低合金钢的耐腐蚀性，增强锈层的保护能力。这种联合添加可促进合金锈层中α-FeOOH 和 FeCr2O4 等保护性化合物的形成。此外，它还有助于将 Cr、Ni 和 Cu 转化为 Cr2O3、NiFe2O4 和 CuO 等耐腐蚀氧化物，从而提高锈层的密度。此外，随着腐蚀时间的推移，锡添加量的增加会导致内锈层中锡含量的增加，从而提高锈层的保护质量。这种全面的认识揭示了 Mo 和 Sn 在增强低合金钢耐腐蚀性方面的协同作用，为开发海洋环境中的先进耐腐蚀材料提供了启示。
{"title":"Effect of Mo and Sn co-regulation on low alloy steel corrosion in tropical marine atmosphere","authors":"Meihui Sun, Xingyu Xiao, Xuexu Xu, Jiangwen Li, Tan Zhao, Li Gong, Cuiwei Du, Xiaogang Li","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00507-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00507-0","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of co-regulating Mo and Sn on the corrosion resistance of low alloy steel in tropical marine atmospheric was investigated. The combined addition of Mo and Sn has been found to significantly improve the corrosion resistance of low alloy steel, augmenting the protective capabilities of the rust layer. This combined addition promotes the formation of protective compounds like α-FeOOH and FeCr2O4 within the alloy rust layer. Furthermore, it facilitates the conversion of Cr, Ni and Cu into corrosion-resistant oxides such as Cr2O3, NiFe2O4 and CuO, thereby enhancing the density of the rust layer. Additionally, as corrosion progresses over time, higher levels of Sn addition lead to increased Sn content within the inner rust layer, consequently bolstering the protective qualities of the rust layer. This comprehensive understanding sheds light on the synergistic effects of Mo and Sn in fortifying the corrosion resistance of low alloy steel, offering insights for the development of advanced corrosion-resistant materials in marine environments.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00507-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00503-4
Christina Margarita Charalampidou, Nicoleta Siskou, Dimitris Georgoulis, Stavros K. Kourkoulis, Mikhail Zheludkevich, Nikolaos D. Alexopoulos
The effect of artificial-ageing on corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloy (AA)2024-T3 was investigated. The natural ageing which takes place during the aircraft''s lifespan was simulated with isothermal heat-treatments at 190 °C. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were performed in different heat-treated specimens to examine the prevailing corrosion mechanisms. Additionally, pre-corroded tensile specimens from different heat-treatment conditions were mechanically tested to assess the corrosion-induced degradation. Different forms of corrosion were revealed in the investigated ageing tempers; intense localized attack was noticed in the initial (T3) and under-aged (UA) tempers. UA condition exhibited the highest susceptibility to corrosion propagation followed by T3, according to the charge transfer resistance RCT and degradation rate of tensile elongation at fracture Af ( ≈ 0.118) and ( ≈ 0.103), respectively. Corrosion-induced degradation rates for the peak-aged (PA) and over-aged (OA) tempers ( ≈ 0.042 and 0.054, respectively) were almost one third of UA, attributed to volume fraction and size of the precipitated second-phase particles.
研究了人工老化对铝合金 (AA)2024-T3 腐蚀性能的影响。通过 190 °C 等温热处理模拟了飞机寿命期间发生的自然老化。对不同的热处理试样进行了电化学阻抗光谱测量，以研究主要的腐蚀机制。此外，还对不同热处理条件下的预腐蚀拉伸试样进行了机械测试，以评估腐蚀引起的降解。在所研究的老化温度中发现了不同形式的腐蚀；在初始温度（T3）和欠老化温度（UA）中发现了强烈的局部侵蚀。根据电荷转移电阻 RCT 和断裂处拉伸伸长率 Af ( ≈ 0.118) 和 ( ≈ 0.103) 的降解率，UA 条件对腐蚀扩展的敏感性最高，其次是 T3。峰值老化（PA）和超老化（OA）温度下的腐蚀诱导降解率（分别≈ 0.042 和 0.054）几乎是 UA 的三分之一，这归因于析出的第二相颗粒的体积分数和大小。
{"title":"Corrosion of aluminium alloy AA2024-Τ3 specimens subjected to different artificial ageing heat treatments","authors":"Christina Margarita Charalampidou, Nicoleta Siskou, Dimitris Georgoulis, Stavros K. Kourkoulis, Mikhail Zheludkevich, Nikolaos D. Alexopoulos","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00503-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00503-4","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of artificial-ageing on corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloy (AA)2024-T3 was investigated. The natural ageing which takes place during the aircraft''s lifespan was simulated with isothermal heat-treatments at 190 °C. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were performed in different heat-treated specimens to examine the prevailing corrosion mechanisms. Additionally, pre-corroded tensile specimens from different heat-treatment conditions were mechanically tested to assess the corrosion-induced degradation. Different forms of corrosion were revealed in the investigated ageing tempers; intense localized attack was noticed in the initial (T3) and under-aged (UA) tempers. UA condition exhibited the highest susceptibility to corrosion propagation followed by T3, according to the charge transfer resistance RCT and degradation rate of tensile elongation at fracture Af ( ≈ 0.118) and ( ≈ 0.103), respectively. Corrosion-induced degradation rates for the peak-aged (PA) and over-aged (OA) tempers ( ≈ 0.042 and 0.054, respectively) were almost one third of UA, attributed to volume fraction and size of the precipitated second-phase particles.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00503-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00496-0
Pierre Frugier, Nicole Godon, Yves Minet
The MOS model (acronym coming from the French MOdèle Simplifié) was born from the desire to have a simple tool that can quantify the contribution of the diffusive reactive environment to the alteration of a vitrified nuclear waste package in deep geological disposal conditions. In the model, this environmental contribution consists partly of the ability of iron, metallic casing corrosion products, and argillite to consume silicon, and partly of the brake on diffusive transport provided by silicon through the successive layers of environmental material. It is a modeling tool serving as an intermediary between operational modeling for the calculation of the source term from the glass, mathematically more simple and giving higher upper margins, and models that use geochemistry and transport, giving greater accuracy for the interactions between glass and its environment. The goal of the MOS model is to calculate the possible impact of silicon reactive diffusion on the alteration rate within the different layers of material surrounding nuclear glass. This article lists the simplifying hypotheses on which the MOS is based, presents the digital resolution method for an environment consisting of several successive layers with different reactivity and transport properties, and explains the model’s implementation.
MOS 模型（缩写来自法文 MOdèle Simplifié）的诞生源于人们对一种简单工具的渴望，这种工具可以量化扩散反应环境对深地质处置条件下玻璃化核废料包的改变所起的作用。在该模型中，这种环境贡献部分包括铁、金属套管腐蚀产物和闪长岩消耗硅的能力，部分包括硅通过连续的环境材料层对扩散传输的抑制作用。它是一种建模工具，介于计算玻璃源项的操作建模和使用地球化学和迁移的模型之间，前者在数学上更简单，上限也更高，后者则能更精确地计算玻璃与其环境之间的相互作用。MOS 模型的目标是计算硅反应扩散对核玻璃周围不同物质层内的蚀变率可能产生的影响。本文列出了 MOS 所依据的简化假设，介绍了由具有不同反应性和传输特性的多个连续层组成的环境的数字解析方法，并解释了该模型的实施。
{"title":"Role of reactive transport in the alteration of vitrified waste packages: the MOS model","authors":"Pierre Frugier, Nicole Godon, Yves Minet","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00496-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00496-0","url":null,"abstract":"The MOS model (acronym coming from the French MOdèle Simplifié) was born from the desire to have a simple tool that can quantify the contribution of the diffusive reactive environment to the alteration of a vitrified nuclear waste package in deep geological disposal conditions. In the model, this environmental contribution consists partly of the ability of iron, metallic casing corrosion products, and argillite to consume silicon, and partly of the brake on diffusive transport provided by silicon through the successive layers of environmental material. It is a modeling tool serving as an intermediary between operational modeling for the calculation of the source term from the glass, mathematically more simple and giving higher upper margins, and models that use geochemistry and transport, giving greater accuracy for the interactions between glass and its environment. The goal of the MOS model is to calculate the possible impact of silicon reactive diffusion on the alteration rate within the different layers of material surrounding nuclear glass. This article lists the simplifying hypotheses on which the MOS is based, presents the digital resolution method for an environment consisting of several successive layers with different reactivity and transport properties, and explains the model’s implementation.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00496-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00499-x
Rajnikant V. Umretiya, Haozheng Qu, Liang Yin, Timothy B. Jurewicz, Vipul K. Gupta, Marija Drobnjak, Michael P. Knussman, Andrew K. Hoffman, Raul B. Rebak
Iron-Chromium-Aluminum (FeCrAl) alloys are candidate materials for the cladding of light water reactor (LWR) fuels. The FeCrAl alloys in general range in Cr composition from 12% (C26M) to 21% (APMT). In this work, the general corrosion behavior of Additively Manufactured (AM) C26M coupons was compared to the behavior of traditional Powder Metallurgy (PM) coupons. Immersion testing were conducted for 12 months at 288 °C and 330 °C in pure water containing either oxygen or hydrogen. Results show that the mass change of AM specimens in hydrogenated water was like the mass change of PM specimens. In oxygenated water, the mass change of AM coupons was higher and less reproducible than for the PM coupons. Porosity in the AM specimens makes their behavior less predictable in high-temperature water.
{"title":"Corrosion behavior of additively manufactured FeCrAl in out-of-pile light water reactor environments","authors":"Rajnikant V. Umretiya, Haozheng Qu, Liang Yin, Timothy B. Jurewicz, Vipul K. Gupta, Marija Drobnjak, Michael P. Knussman, Andrew K. Hoffman, Raul B. Rebak","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00499-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00499-x","url":null,"abstract":"Iron-Chromium-Aluminum (FeCrAl) alloys are candidate materials for the cladding of light water reactor (LWR) fuels. The FeCrAl alloys in general range in Cr composition from 12% (C26M) to 21% (APMT). In this work, the general corrosion behavior of Additively Manufactured (AM) C26M coupons was compared to the behavior of traditional Powder Metallurgy (PM) coupons. Immersion testing were conducted for 12 months at 288 °C and 330 °C in pure water containing either oxygen or hydrogen. Results show that the mass change of AM specimens in hydrogenated water was like the mass change of PM specimens. In oxygenated water, the mass change of AM coupons was higher and less reproducible than for the PM coupons. Porosity in the AM specimens makes their behavior less predictable in high-temperature water.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00499-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00506-1
Krishna C. Polavaram, Sai Kalyan Evani, Sean M. Drewry, Elena Tajuelo Rodriguez, Mohammed G. Alnaggar, Christopher J. Wetteland, Katharine Page, John S. Popovics, Kurt E. Sickafus, Yann Le Pape, Nishant Garg
Nuclear power plants are aging around the world, and a precise assessment of irradiation damage in their components is needed. One key component, concrete, and specifically the silicates in its aggregates, can undergo significant expansion upon neutron radiation, which can lead to cracking and, ultimately, structural failure. However, assessing and predicting the extent of damage via neutron radiation is challenging due to reasons such as residual radioactivity and, most importantly, the high time involved. Here, we evaluate whether ion radiation can be a viable surrogate. Specifically, by employing Si2+ ion radiations and a comprehensive multi-modal imaging protocol, we report mineral-specific responses for key silicates such as quartz, albite, anorthite, and microcline. We find that 10 MeV Si2+ ions result in mineral expansions that are remarkably comparable to neutron radiation equivalent expansions (R2 = 0.86, RMSE = 1.29%), opening up pathways towards rapid assessment of silicates subject to irradiation.
{"title":"Silicon ion radiation as a viable surrogate for emulating neutron radiation damage in silicates","authors":"Krishna C. Polavaram, Sai Kalyan Evani, Sean M. Drewry, Elena Tajuelo Rodriguez, Mohammed G. Alnaggar, Christopher J. Wetteland, Katharine Page, John S. Popovics, Kurt E. Sickafus, Yann Le Pape, Nishant Garg","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00506-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00506-1","url":null,"abstract":"Nuclear power plants are aging around the world, and a precise assessment of irradiation damage in their components is needed. One key component, concrete, and specifically the silicates in its aggregates, can undergo significant expansion upon neutron radiation, which can lead to cracking and, ultimately, structural failure. However, assessing and predicting the extent of damage via neutron radiation is challenging due to reasons such as residual radioactivity and, most importantly, the high time involved. Here, we evaluate whether ion radiation can be a viable surrogate. Specifically, by employing Si2+ ion radiations and a comprehensive multi-modal imaging protocol, we report mineral-specific responses for key silicates such as quartz, albite, anorthite, and microcline. We find that 10 MeV Si2+ ions result in mineral expansions that are remarkably comparable to neutron radiation equivalent expansions (R2 = 0.86, RMSE = 1.29%), opening up pathways towards rapid assessment of silicates subject to irradiation.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00506-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00508-z
Qiankun Wang, Hongfang Lu
Accurately assessing the residual strength of corroded oil and gas pipelines is crucial for ensuring their safe and stable operation. Machine learning techniques have shown promise in addressing this challenge due to their ability to handle complex, non-linear relationships in data. Unlike previous studies that primarily focused on enhancing prediction accuracy through the optimization of single models, this work shifts the emphasis to a different approach: stacking ensemble learning. This study applies a stacking model composed of seven base learners and three meta-learners to predict the residual strength of pipelines using a dataset of 453 instances. Automated hyperparameter tuning libraries are utilized to search for optimal hyperparameters. By evaluating various combinations of base learners and meta-learners, the optimal stacking configuration was determined. The results demonstrate that the stacking model, using k-nearest neighbors as the meta-learner alongside seven base learners, delivers the best predictive performance, with a coefficient of determination of 0.959. Compared to individual models, the stacking model also significantly improves generalization performance. However, the stacking model’s effectiveness on low-strength pipelines is limited due to the small sample size. Furthermore, incorporating original features into the second-layer model did not significantly enhance performance, likely because the first-layer model had already extracted most of the critical features. Given the marginal contribution of model optimization to prediction accuracy, this work offers a novel perspective for improving model performance. The findings have important practical implications for the integrity assessment of corroded pipelines.
准确评估腐蚀油气管道的残余强度对于确保其安全稳定运行至关重要。机器学习技术能够处理数据中复杂的非线性关系，因此有望解决这一难题。以往的研究主要侧重于通过优化单一模型来提高预测精度，而本研究则不同，它将重点转移到了另一种方法上：堆叠集合学习。本研究采用由七个基础学习器和三个元学习器组成的堆叠模型，使用 453 个实例的数据集预测管道的剩余强度。利用自动超参数调整库搜索最佳超参数。通过评估基础学习器和元学习器的各种组合，确定了最佳堆叠配置。结果表明，使用 k 近邻作为元学习器和七个基础学习器的堆叠模型具有最佳预测性能，决定系数为 0.959。与单个模型相比，堆叠模型还显著提高了泛化性能。不过，由于样本量较小，堆叠模型在低强度管道上的有效性受到了限制。此外，将原始特征纳入第二层模型并不能显著提高性能，这可能是因为第一层模型已经提取了大部分关键特征。鉴于模型优化对预测准确性的贡献微乎其微，这项工作为提高模型性能提供了一个新的视角。研究结果对腐蚀管道的完整性评估具有重要的现实意义。
{"title":"A novel stacking ensemble learner for predicting residual strength of corroded pipelines","authors":"Qiankun Wang, Hongfang Lu","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00508-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00508-z","url":null,"abstract":"Accurately assessing the residual strength of corroded oil and gas pipelines is crucial for ensuring their safe and stable operation. Machine learning techniques have shown promise in addressing this challenge due to their ability to handle complex, non-linear relationships in data. Unlike previous studies that primarily focused on enhancing prediction accuracy through the optimization of single models, this work shifts the emphasis to a different approach: stacking ensemble learning. This study applies a stacking model composed of seven base learners and three meta-learners to predict the residual strength of pipelines using a dataset of 453 instances. Automated hyperparameter tuning libraries are utilized to search for optimal hyperparameters. By evaluating various combinations of base learners and meta-learners, the optimal stacking configuration was determined. The results demonstrate that the stacking model, using k-nearest neighbors as the meta-learner alongside seven base learners, delivers the best predictive performance, with a coefficient of determination of 0.959. Compared to individual models, the stacking model also significantly improves generalization performance. However, the stacking model’s effectiveness on low-strength pipelines is limited due to the small sample size. Furthermore, incorporating original features into the second-layer model did not significantly enhance performance, likely because the first-layer model had already extracted most of the critical features. Given the marginal contribution of model optimization to prediction accuracy, this work offers a novel perspective for improving model performance. The findings have important practical implications for the integrity assessment of corroded pipelines.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00508-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00480-8
Berenika Syrek-Gerstenkorn, Shiladitya Paul
Offshore wind energy is pivotal for achieving global renewable energy targets. As of 2022, 12% of global electricity is derived from wind and solar power, with an imperative to reach 90% renewable energy by 2050. The offshore wind industry, constituting 7.1% of global wind power, plays a central role in meeting these goals. The Global Wind Energy Alliance envisions reaching 380 GW by 2030 and 2000 GW by 2050. This paper addresses corrosion challenges in the offshore environment, emphasising sacrificial coatings as an effective mitigation strategy. By critically evaluating the latest revisions of widely used international standards such as Norsok M-501, ISO 12944, and VGBE-S-021, the study focuses on zinc- and aluminium-rich coatings that form a galvanic couple with steel, providing cathodic protection. Liquid coatings, thermally sprayed coatings, and hot-dip galvanised coatings are examined for their applicability with discussion on the advantages and limitations of these systems. Considerations of cost, environmental impact, and testing methods are crucial in selecting corrosion mitigation strategies. The review alludes to these requirements and highlights the significance of durable solutions, such as sacrificial coatings, in ensuring the long-term integrity of offshore wind structures amid the sector’s rapid expansion. Further collaborative research, involving industry and academia, is recommended to refine testing regimes and explore innovative coating solutions.
{"title":"Metallic coatings in offshore wind sector—a mini review","authors":"Berenika Syrek-Gerstenkorn, Shiladitya Paul","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00480-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00480-8","url":null,"abstract":"Offshore wind energy is pivotal for achieving global renewable energy targets. As of 2022, 12% of global electricity is derived from wind and solar power, with an imperative to reach 90% renewable energy by 2050. The offshore wind industry, constituting 7.1% of global wind power, plays a central role in meeting these goals. The Global Wind Energy Alliance envisions reaching 380 GW by 2030 and 2000 GW by 2050. This paper addresses corrosion challenges in the offshore environment, emphasising sacrificial coatings as an effective mitigation strategy. By critically evaluating the latest revisions of widely used international standards such as Norsok M-501, ISO 12944, and VGBE-S-021, the study focuses on zinc- and aluminium-rich coatings that form a galvanic couple with steel, providing cathodic protection. Liquid coatings, thermally sprayed coatings, and hot-dip galvanised coatings are examined for their applicability with discussion on the advantages and limitations of these systems. Considerations of cost, environmental impact, and testing methods are crucial in selecting corrosion mitigation strategies. The review alludes to these requirements and highlights the significance of durable solutions, such as sacrificial coatings, in ensuring the long-term integrity of offshore wind structures amid the sector’s rapid expansion. Further collaborative research, involving industry and academia, is recommended to refine testing regimes and explore innovative coating solutions.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00480-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142021818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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