Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00534-x
Cristhiana C. Albert, Shishir Mundra, Dario Ferreira Sanchez, Fabio E. Furcas, Ashish D. Rajyaguru, O. Burkan Isgor, Daniel Grolimund, Ueli M. Angst
We introduce an experimental setup to chemically image corrosion processes at metal-electrolyte interfaces under stagnant, confined conditions—relevant in a wide range of situations. The setup is based on a glass capillary, in which precipitation of corrosion products in the interfacial aqueous phase can be monitored over time with optical microscopy, and chemically and structurally characterized with microscopic synchrotron-based techniques (X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy). Moreover, quantification of precipitates through X-ray transmission measurements provides in-situ corrosion rates. We illustrate this setup for iron corrosion in a pH 8 electrolyte, revealing the critical role of O2 and iron diffusion in governing the precipitation of ferrihydrite and its transformation to goethite. Corrosion and coupled reactive transport processes can thus be monitored and fundamentally investigated at the metal-electrolyte interface, with micrometer-scale resolution. This capillary setup has potential applications for in-situ corrosion studies of various metals and environments.
我们介绍了一种实验装置，用于在停滞、密闭条件下对金属电解质界面的腐蚀过程进行化学成像，适用于多种情况。该装置以玻璃毛细管为基础，其中界面水相中腐蚀产物的沉淀可通过光学显微镜进行长期监测，并通过微观同步加速器技术（X 射线荧光、X 射线衍射和 X 射线吸收光谱）进行化学和结构表征。此外，通过 X 射线透射测量对沉淀物进行定量，可提供原位腐蚀率。我们以 pH 值为 8 的电解质中的铁腐蚀为例，说明了氧气和铁的扩散在控制铁水物的沉淀及其转化为高铁的过程中所起的关键作用。因此，可以在金属-电解质界面上以微米级的分辨率对腐蚀和耦合反应传输过程进行监测和基本研究。这种毛细管装置可用于各种金属和环境的原位腐蚀研究。
{"title":"Microscale chemical imaging to characterize and quantify corrosion processes at the metal-electrolyte interface","authors":"Cristhiana C. Albert, Shishir Mundra, Dario Ferreira Sanchez, Fabio E. Furcas, Ashish D. Rajyaguru, O. Burkan Isgor, Daniel Grolimund, Ueli M. Angst","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00534-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00534-x","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce an experimental setup to chemically image corrosion processes at metal-electrolyte interfaces under stagnant, confined conditions—relevant in a wide range of situations. The setup is based on a glass capillary, in which precipitation of corrosion products in the interfacial aqueous phase can be monitored over time with optical microscopy, and chemically and structurally characterized with microscopic synchrotron-based techniques (X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy). Moreover, quantification of precipitates through X-ray transmission measurements provides in-situ corrosion rates. We illustrate this setup for iron corrosion in a pH 8 electrolyte, revealing the critical role of O2 and iron diffusion in governing the precipitation of ferrihydrite and its transformation to goethite. Corrosion and coupled reactive transport processes can thus be monitored and fundamentally investigated at the metal-electrolyte interface, with micrometer-scale resolution. This capillary setup has potential applications for in-situ corrosion studies of various metals and environments.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11540903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142624507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00533-y
Karthikeyan Hariharan, Sannakaisa Virtanen
During structural alloy development, the initial microstructure design is mainly considered in the context of achieving a balance of mechanical properties, with corrosion resistance often considered much later in the process. This perspective uses illustrations from degradation mechanisms in 3D-printed alloys and in-service microstructure evolution-driven mechanisms to show the importance of microstructure design for corrosion resistance and mechanical properties simultaneously, to improve the reliability of critical infrastructure.
{"title":"Microstructure engineering for corrosion resistance in structural alloy design","authors":"Karthikeyan Hariharan, Sannakaisa Virtanen","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00533-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00533-y","url":null,"abstract":"During structural alloy development, the initial microstructure design is mainly considered in the context of achieving a balance of mechanical properties, with corrosion resistance often considered much later in the process. This perspective uses illustrations from degradation mechanisms in 3D-printed alloys and in-service microstructure evolution-driven mechanisms to show the importance of microstructure design for corrosion resistance and mechanical properties simultaneously, to improve the reliability of critical infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00533-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-02DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00531-0
Quanxiang Sun, Hongfei Yu, Yao Wang, Bo Zhang, Xiaole Han, Xingqi Wang, Dechuang Zhang, Jianguo Lin, Yange Yang, Fuhui Wang
This study investigated the corrosion and oxidation mechanism of the Cr-free Fe-40Ni-15Co superalloy with exposure to a tropical marine atmosphere for one year and a subsequent high temperature of 650 °C for 300 h. The degradation behavior of the samples was evaluated based on surface characterization and analysis. In the tropical marine atmospheres, the corrosion process of the Fe-40Ni-15Co superalloy presented an initial localized type after one month of exposure and gradually developed into uniform. The corrosion products were mainly comprised of Fe2O3 and NiO, suppressing the pitting process. During the high-temperature oxidation process, all samples presented super-parabolic oxidation kinetics. Except for the initial active oxidation due to salt deposits, the corrosion products after atmospheric exposure could significantly enhance the oxidation resistance at 650 °C. An explanation for the degradation mechanism of the Fe-40Ni-15Co superalloy was developed based on the synergistic effects of atmospheric corrosion and high-temperature oxidation.
{"title":"Insights into the degradation mechanism of Fe-40Ni-15Co superalloy exposed to marine atmospheric and high-temperature conditions","authors":"Quanxiang Sun, Hongfei Yu, Yao Wang, Bo Zhang, Xiaole Han, Xingqi Wang, Dechuang Zhang, Jianguo Lin, Yange Yang, Fuhui Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00531-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00531-0","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the corrosion and oxidation mechanism of the Cr-free Fe-40Ni-15Co superalloy with exposure to a tropical marine atmosphere for one year and a subsequent high temperature of 650 °C for 300 h. The degradation behavior of the samples was evaluated based on surface characterization and analysis. In the tropical marine atmospheres, the corrosion process of the Fe-40Ni-15Co superalloy presented an initial localized type after one month of exposure and gradually developed into uniform. The corrosion products were mainly comprised of Fe2O3 and NiO, suppressing the pitting process. During the high-temperature oxidation process, all samples presented super-parabolic oxidation kinetics. Except for the initial active oxidation due to salt deposits, the corrosion products after atmospheric exposure could significantly enhance the oxidation resistance at 650 °C. An explanation for the degradation mechanism of the Fe-40Ni-15Co superalloy was developed based on the synergistic effects of atmospheric corrosion and high-temperature oxidation.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00531-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142574233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-02DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00532-z
Fandi Meng, Yufan Chen, Jianning Chi, Huan Wang, Fuhui Wang, Li Liu
The rapid failure of organic coatings in deep-sea environments complicates accurate lifetime prediction. Given the rapid cracking characteristic on the coating surface in this environment, a comprehensive “performance-structure” failure model was established. Initially, a targeted image recognition approach containing convolutional neural network (CNN) and post-processing was constructed for the crack area detection. An overall precision of 82.81% demonstrated the network’s good accuracy. The length distribution and the statistical evolution of cracks were extracted from SEM images to obtain the kinetic equation of the cracks related to coating structure degradation. In addition, the kinetics of water diffusion and coating adhesion were examined, as they represent critical parameters of coating performance. Based on this achievement, a failure model incorporating three dominant factors was integrated by the gray relational analysis method. The average prediction error of the model was 2.60%, which lays the groundwork for developing image-based methods to predict coating life.
有机涂层在深海环境中的快速失效使得准确预测使用寿命变得复杂。鉴于涂层表面在这种环境下的快速开裂特征，建立了一个全面的 "性能-结构 "失效模型。首先，构建了一种包含卷积神经网络（CNN）和后处理的目标图像识别方法，用于裂纹区域检测。82.81% 的总体精度证明了该网络的良好准确性。从 SEM 图像中提取了裂纹的长度分布和统计演化，从而获得了与涂层结构退化相关的裂纹动力学方程。此外，还研究了水扩散动力学和涂层附着力，因为它们代表了涂层性能的关键参数。在此基础上，利用灰色关系分析方法整合了包含三个主导因素的失效模型。该模型的平均预测误差为 2.60%，为开发基于图像的涂层寿命预测方法奠定了基础。
{"title":"Lifetime prediction of epoxy coating using convolutional neural networks and post processing image recognition methods","authors":"Fandi Meng, Yufan Chen, Jianning Chi, Huan Wang, Fuhui Wang, Li Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00532-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00532-z","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid failure of organic coatings in deep-sea environments complicates accurate lifetime prediction. Given the rapid cracking characteristic on the coating surface in this environment, a comprehensive “performance-structure” failure model was established. Initially, a targeted image recognition approach containing convolutional neural network (CNN) and post-processing was constructed for the crack area detection. An overall precision of 82.81% demonstrated the network’s good accuracy. The length distribution and the statistical evolution of cracks were extracted from SEM images to obtain the kinetic equation of the cracks related to coating structure degradation. In addition, the kinetics of water diffusion and coating adhesion were examined, as they represent critical parameters of coating performance. Based on this achievement, a failure model incorporating three dominant factors was integrated by the gray relational analysis method. The average prediction error of the model was 2.60%, which lays the groundwork for developing image-based methods to predict coating life.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00532-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142574242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00530-1
Brandon Free, Gabriella C. Montiel, Gabriella A. Marino, Eric Schindelholz, Sarah Galyon Dorman, Jenifer S. Warner Locke
Corrosion fatigue (CF) crack growth is quantified as a function of relative humidity (RH) using AA7085-T7451 samples with NaCl deposited to understand the effect of deliquesced surface electrolyte droplets on CF performance when humidity varies. Fracture mechanics testing holding mechanical driving forces for cracking constant and incrementally increasing humidity show that crack growth rate (da/dN) more than doubles once RH moves above 78–80% RH. When decreasing RH, some amount of drying below the efflorescence RH (ERH) and/or a sufficient time is needed to pass in order for da/dN to return to that expected for a dry crack tip. All in all, this study establishes time of crack tip wetness as an important parameter for predicting fatigue lifetimes in atmospheric conditions, a parameter that cannot be solely predicted by RH, as accelerated cracking can continue for a limited amount of time even when RH is brought below the ERH.
{"title":"The effect of variable humidity on corrosion fatigue of AA7085-T7451 with surface salt deposits","authors":"Brandon Free, Gabriella C. Montiel, Gabriella A. Marino, Eric Schindelholz, Sarah Galyon Dorman, Jenifer S. Warner Locke","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00530-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00530-1","url":null,"abstract":"Corrosion fatigue (CF) crack growth is quantified as a function of relative humidity (RH) using AA7085-T7451 samples with NaCl deposited to understand the effect of deliquesced surface electrolyte droplets on CF performance when humidity varies. Fracture mechanics testing holding mechanical driving forces for cracking constant and incrementally increasing humidity show that crack growth rate (da/dN) more than doubles once RH moves above 78–80% RH. When decreasing RH, some amount of drying below the efflorescence RH (ERH) and/or a sufficient time is needed to pass in order for da/dN to return to that expected for a dry crack tip. All in all, this study establishes time of crack tip wetness as an important parameter for predicting fatigue lifetimes in atmospheric conditions, a parameter that cannot be solely predicted by RH, as accelerated cracking can continue for a limited amount of time even when RH is brought below the ERH.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00530-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142574273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00523-0
Deni Jero, Nicolas Caussé, Nadine Pébère
This review summarizes the use of film-forming amines (FFAs) for corrosion protection in water/steam industrial circuits, focusing on carbon steel. It discusses industrial feedback on FFAs’ benefits and challenges, alongside experimental methods for studying their inhibition and structural properties. Key research areas include FFAs’ corrosion inhibition mechanisms, adsorption kinetics, and layer structures. The review also identifies knowledge gaps and suggests future research directions to deepen the understanding of FFAs.
{"title":"Film-forming amines as corrosion inhibitors: a state-of-the-art review","authors":"Deni Jero, Nicolas Caussé, Nadine Pébère","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00523-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00523-0","url":null,"abstract":"This review summarizes the use of film-forming amines (FFAs) for corrosion protection in water/steam industrial circuits, focusing on carbon steel. It discusses industrial feedback on FFAs’ benefits and challenges, alongside experimental methods for studying their inhibition and structural properties. Key research areas include FFAs’ corrosion inhibition mechanisms, adsorption kinetics, and layer structures. The review also identifies knowledge gaps and suggests future research directions to deepen the understanding of FFAs.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00523-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142574246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research investigates a specific type of irregularly shaped inclusions in steel, which are typically considered detrimental. A comparative study of two steels, treated with different inclusion modification methods by oxide metallurgy technology, reveals that spherical inclusions with complex structures can provide beneficial multipoint trap sites for hydrogen, thereby reducing the risk of hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC). Notably, irregular stripe-shaped silicate-oxide inclusions with sharp tips, due to their hot-soft characteristics during the process of hot-rolling, do not exacerbate cracks but instead mitigate local stresses. Conversely, large single-phase hard inclusions are detrimental to HIC resistance. This investigation provides insights into the mechanisms behind why certain irregular inclusions do not trigger HIC crack after the NACE TM 0284-2016 standard test.
这项研究调查了钢中一种特殊的不规则夹杂物，这种夹杂物通常被认为是有害的。通过对采用氧化物冶金技术的不同夹杂物改性方法处理的两种钢材进行比较研究，发现具有复杂结构的球形夹杂物可以为氢提供有益的多点捕集点，从而降低氢致开裂（HIC）的风险。值得注意的是，具有尖锐尖端的不规则条纹状氧化硅夹杂物由于在热轧过程中具有热软特性，不仅不会加剧裂纹，反而会减轻局部应力。相反，大的单相硬夹杂物不利于抗 HIC 性能。这项调查有助于深入了解某些不规则夹杂物在经过 NACE TM 0284-2016 标准测试后不会引发 HIC 裂纹的机制。
{"title":"Unveiling the mechanism behind irregular inclusions triggering no HIC cracks in steels","authors":"Rongzhe Hu, Zhixian Peng, Shiqi Zhang, Liquan Ding, Feng Huang, Zhengliang Xue, Jing Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00525-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00525-y","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigates a specific type of irregularly shaped inclusions in steel, which are typically considered detrimental. A comparative study of two steels, treated with different inclusion modification methods by oxide metallurgy technology, reveals that spherical inclusions with complex structures can provide beneficial multipoint trap sites for hydrogen, thereby reducing the risk of hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC). Notably, irregular stripe-shaped silicate-oxide inclusions with sharp tips, due to their hot-soft characteristics during the process of hot-rolling, do not exacerbate cracks but instead mitigate local stresses. Conversely, large single-phase hard inclusions are detrimental to HIC resistance. This investigation provides insights into the mechanisms behind why certain irregular inclusions do not trigger HIC crack after the NACE TM 0284-2016 standard test.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00525-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142574201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00529-8
Yang Hu, Kai Wang, Robert Spatschek
We propose a data-driven strategy for parameter selection in phase field nucleation models using machine learning and apply it to oxide nucleation in Fe-Cr alloys. A grand potential-based phase field model, incorporating Langevin noise, is employed to simulate oxide nucleation and benchmarked against the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov model. Three independent parameters in the phase field simulations (Langevin noise strength, numerical grid discretization and critical nucleation radius) are identified as essential for accurately modeling the nucleation behavior. These parameters serve as input features for machine learning classification and regression models. The classification model categorizes nucleation behavior into three nucleation density regimes, preventing invalid nucleation attempts in simulations, while the regression model estimates the appropriate Langevin noise strength, significantly reducing the need for time-consuming trial-and-error simulations. This data-driven approach improves the efficiency of parameter selection in phase field models and provides a generalizable method for simulating nucleation-driven microstructural evolution processes in various materials.
{"title":"A data-driven strategy for phase field nucleation modeling","authors":"Yang Hu, Kai Wang, Robert Spatschek","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00529-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00529-8","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a data-driven strategy for parameter selection in phase field nucleation models using machine learning and apply it to oxide nucleation in Fe-Cr alloys. A grand potential-based phase field model, incorporating Langevin noise, is employed to simulate oxide nucleation and benchmarked against the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov model. Three independent parameters in the phase field simulations (Langevin noise strength, numerical grid discretization and critical nucleation radius) are identified as essential for accurately modeling the nucleation behavior. These parameters serve as input features for machine learning classification and regression models. The classification model categorizes nucleation behavior into three nucleation density regimes, preventing invalid nucleation attempts in simulations, while the regression model estimates the appropriate Langevin noise strength, significantly reducing the need for time-consuming trial-and-error simulations. This data-driven approach improves the efficiency of parameter selection in phase field models and provides a generalizable method for simulating nucleation-driven microstructural evolution processes in various materials.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00529-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142555537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-26DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00526-x
L. Brunswic, F. Angeli, S. Gin, E. D. van Hullebusch, M. Tarrago, L. Gautron, D. R. Neuville
Glass durability is one of the properties that can be affected by surface treatments such as coatings or chemical attacks. These treatments can be used to reduce the quantities of potentially toxic elements contained in glass that may be released in solution. Five surface treatments were selected: three different coatings (SnO2, TiO2, SiO2) and two acidic attacks (SO2 dealkalization and acid polishing). These treatments were performed on five glass compositions (soda-lime, borosilicate, barium silicate, opal, and lead crystal). Their effects on alteration rates and mechanisms were investigated through a single protocol (acetic acid 4%, 70 °C) simulating accelerated aging conditions for containers of beverages or food. The data collected over 1.3 years showed significant reduction of lead leaching with all treatments except acid polishing. The best reduction factor was obtained with SO2 dealkalization, which also demonstrated beneficial effects towards the retention of Ba by reducing the diffusion of alkalis.
{"title":"Surface treatments on commercial glasses: durable impact on the retention of lead, barium and boron","authors":"L. Brunswic, F. Angeli, S. Gin, E. D. van Hullebusch, M. Tarrago, L. Gautron, D. R. Neuville","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00526-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00526-x","url":null,"abstract":"Glass durability is one of the properties that can be affected by surface treatments such as coatings or chemical attacks. These treatments can be used to reduce the quantities of potentially toxic elements contained in glass that may be released in solution. Five surface treatments were selected: three different coatings (SnO2, TiO2, SiO2) and two acidic attacks (SO2 dealkalization and acid polishing). These treatments were performed on five glass compositions (soda-lime, borosilicate, barium silicate, opal, and lead crystal). Their effects on alteration rates and mechanisms were investigated through a single protocol (acetic acid 4%, 70 °C) simulating accelerated aging conditions for containers of beverages or food. The data collected over 1.3 years showed significant reduction of lead leaching with all treatments except acid polishing. The best reduction factor was obtained with SO2 dealkalization, which also demonstrated beneficial effects towards the retention of Ba by reducing the diffusion of alkalis.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00526-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142519205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-21DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00527-w
Long Jin, Kun Zhang, Ming-Liang Zhu, Fu-Zhen Xuan
The low alloy bainitic steel used in reactor pressure vessels deteriorates during thermal service while the macroscopic thermodynamic parameters that cause thermal aging remains unknown. In this work, a thermal aging restructuring scheme was proposed by step-up aging the steel from 350 °C to 490 °C, with a total duration of 7500 hours. Samples from varied thickness of the steel were characterized in terms of carbides evolution and Charpy impact toughness at 20 °C. The carbide size and its fraction were statistically analyzed showing partial coarsening and dissolution during aging, while the carbide fraction was found linearly correlated with the impact energy for the first time. The critical transition temperature parameter of the aging process was found to be 470 °C for the steel. The macroscopic thermodynamic parameters, including the thermal aging time and temperature, facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the material degradation mechanism and provide a basis for long-term safety of equipment.
反应堆压力容器中使用的低合金贝氏体钢在热使用过程中会发生劣化，而导致热老化的宏观热力学参数仍然未知。在这项工作中，提出了一种热老化重组方案，将钢材从 350 °C 逐步老化到 490 °C，总持续时间为 7500 小时。对不同厚度的钢材样品进行了碳化物演变和 20 °C 时夏比冲击韧性的表征。对碳化物尺寸及其组分进行了统计分析，结果表明碳化物在时效过程中发生了部分粗化和溶解，同时首次发现碳化物组分与冲击能量呈线性相关。发现该钢的时效过程临界转变温度参数为 470 ℃。包括热老化时间和温度在内的宏观热力学参数有助于全面了解材料的降解机理，为设备的长期安全提供依据。
{"title":"Evolution of carbides and Charpy toughness in a low alloy bainitic steel during step-up aging process","authors":"Long Jin, Kun Zhang, Ming-Liang Zhu, Fu-Zhen Xuan","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00527-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00527-w","url":null,"abstract":"The low alloy bainitic steel used in reactor pressure vessels deteriorates during thermal service while the macroscopic thermodynamic parameters that cause thermal aging remains unknown. In this work, a thermal aging restructuring scheme was proposed by step-up aging the steel from 350 °C to 490 °C, with a total duration of 7500 hours. Samples from varied thickness of the steel were characterized in terms of carbides evolution and Charpy impact toughness at 20 °C. The carbide size and its fraction were statistically analyzed showing partial coarsening and dissolution during aging, while the carbide fraction was found linearly correlated with the impact energy for the first time. The critical transition temperature parameter of the aging process was found to be 470 °C for the steel. The macroscopic thermodynamic parameters, including the thermal aging time and temperature, facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the material degradation mechanism and provide a basis for long-term safety of equipment.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00527-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142519183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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