Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00489-z
Tiago L. P. Galvão, Inês Ferreira, Frederico Maia, José R. B. Gomes, João Tedim
The machine learning framework reported herein can greatly accelerate the development of more effective and sustainable corrosion inhibitors for aluminum alloys, which still rely mostly on the experience of corrosion scientists, and trial and error laboratory testing. It can be used to design inhibitors for specific applications, which can be immobilized into nanocontainers or included directly into coatings in the search for less hazardous corrosion protective technologies. Therefore, a machine learning (ML) classification model that allows to identify promising compounds ( > 70% inhibitor efficiency) among less promising ones, and an online application ( https://datacor.shinyapps.io/datacortech/ ) were developed for the virtual screen (simulation) of potential inhibitors for aluminum alloys, capable of considering the molecular structure and the influence of pH as an input.
{"title":"DATACORTECH: artificial intelligence platform for the virtual screen of aluminum corrosion inhibitors","authors":"Tiago L. P. Galvão, Inês Ferreira, Frederico Maia, José R. B. Gomes, João Tedim","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00489-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00489-z","url":null,"abstract":"The machine learning framework reported herein can greatly accelerate the development of more effective and sustainable corrosion inhibitors for aluminum alloys, which still rely mostly on the experience of corrosion scientists, and trial and error laboratory testing. It can be used to design inhibitors for specific applications, which can be immobilized into nanocontainers or included directly into coatings in the search for less hazardous corrosion protective technologies. Therefore, a machine learning (ML) classification model that allows to identify promising compounds ( > 70% inhibitor efficiency) among less promising ones, and an online application ( https://datacor.shinyapps.io/datacortech/ ) were developed for the virtual screen (simulation) of potential inhibitors for aluminum alloys, capable of considering the molecular structure and the influence of pH as an input.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00489-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141611813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00479-1
Jacek Wasik, Joseph Sutcliffe, Renaud Podor, Jarrod Lewis, James Edward Darnbrough, Sophie Rennie, Syed Akbar Hussain, Christopher Bell, Daniel Alexander Chaney, Gareth Griffiths, Lottie Mae Harding, Florence Legg, Eleanor Lawrence Bright, Rebecca Nicholls, Yadukrishnan Sasikumar, Angus Siberry, Philip Smith, Ross Springell
Although the principal physical behaviour of a material is inherently connected to its fundamental crystal structure, the behaviours observed in the real-world are often driven by the microstructure, which for many polycrystalline materials, equates to the size and shape of the constituent crystal grains. Here we highlight a cutting edge synthesis route to the controlled engineering of grain structures in thin films and the simplification of associated 3-dimensional problems to less complex 2D ones. This has been applied to the actinide ceramic, uranium dioxide, to replicate structures typical in nuclear fission fuel pellets, in order to investigate the oxidation and subsequent transformation of cubic UO2 to orthorhombic U3O8. This article shows how this synthesis approach could be utilised to investigate a range of phenomena, affected by grain morphology, and highlights some unusual results in the oxidation behaviour of UO2, regarding the phase transition to U3O8.
{"title":"Polyepitaxial grain matching to study the oxidation of uranium dioxide","authors":"Jacek Wasik, Joseph Sutcliffe, Renaud Podor, Jarrod Lewis, James Edward Darnbrough, Sophie Rennie, Syed Akbar Hussain, Christopher Bell, Daniel Alexander Chaney, Gareth Griffiths, Lottie Mae Harding, Florence Legg, Eleanor Lawrence Bright, Rebecca Nicholls, Yadukrishnan Sasikumar, Angus Siberry, Philip Smith, Ross Springell","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00479-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00479-1","url":null,"abstract":"Although the principal physical behaviour of a material is inherently connected to its fundamental crystal structure, the behaviours observed in the real-world are often driven by the microstructure, which for many polycrystalline materials, equates to the size and shape of the constituent crystal grains. Here we highlight a cutting edge synthesis route to the controlled engineering of grain structures in thin films and the simplification of associated 3-dimensional problems to less complex 2D ones. This has been applied to the actinide ceramic, uranium dioxide, to replicate structures typical in nuclear fission fuel pellets, in order to investigate the oxidation and subsequent transformation of cubic UO2 to orthorhombic U3O8. This article shows how this synthesis approach could be utilised to investigate a range of phenomena, affected by grain morphology, and highlights some unusual results in the oxidation behaviour of UO2, regarding the phase transition to U3O8.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00479-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141614794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00491-5
Margherita Gnemmi, Laura Fuster-Lòpez, Marion Mecklenburg, Alison Murray, Sarah Sands, Greg Watson, Francesca Caterina Izzo
{"title":"Author Correction: Ion migration mechanisms in the early stages of drying and degradation of oil paint films","authors":"Margherita Gnemmi, Laura Fuster-Lòpez, Marion Mecklenburg, Alison Murray, Sarah Sands, Greg Watson, Francesca Caterina Izzo","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00491-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00491-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00491-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141631262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-06DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00487-1
Hillary Mndlovu, Pradeep Kumar, Lisa C. du Toit, Yahya E. Choonara
The biological response to biomaterials plays a crucial role in selecting suitable materials for the formulation and development of tissue engineering platforms. Biodegradation is one of the properties that is considered in selecting appropriate biomaterials for biomedical applications. Biodegradation is the process of breaking down large molecules into smaller molecules with/without the aid of catalytic enzymes. The biodegradation process is crucial in the chemical absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) process of biomaterials and small molecules in the body. Degradation of biomaterials can be followed by assessing the physical, mechanical, and chemical attributes of biomaterials. There are several techniques/parameters that can be targeted when studying the degradation of biomaterials, with gravimetric analysis, surface erosion, and morphological changes being the largely employed techniques. However, the techniques present a few limitations, such as technical errors and material solubility being mistaken for degradation, and these techniques can infer but not confirm degradation as they do not provide the chemical composition of fragmenting/fragmented molecules. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) guidelines provide techniques and parameters for assessing biodegradation. However, the ASTM guidelines for degradation assessment approaches and techniques need to be updated to provide sufficient evidence to draw conclusive decisions regarding the degradation of biomaterials. In this review, the degradation assessment approaches and techniques are critically reviewed about their advantages and disadvantages, and to provide suggestions on how they can still play a role in assessing the degradation of biomaterials. This review could assist researchers employ cost-effective, efficient, and multiple degradation assessment techniques to evaluate and provide sufficient information about the degradation of biomaterials. Suggested future ASTM guidelines for assessing biodegradation should include measuring parameters (such as chemical, mechanical, or physical attributes of biomaterials) in real-time, employing non-invasive, continuous, and automated processes.
{"title":"A review of biomaterial degradation assessment approaches employed in the biomedical field","authors":"Hillary Mndlovu, Pradeep Kumar, Lisa C. du Toit, Yahya E. Choonara","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00487-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00487-1","url":null,"abstract":"The biological response to biomaterials plays a crucial role in selecting suitable materials for the formulation and development of tissue engineering platforms. Biodegradation is one of the properties that is considered in selecting appropriate biomaterials for biomedical applications. Biodegradation is the process of breaking down large molecules into smaller molecules with/without the aid of catalytic enzymes. The biodegradation process is crucial in the chemical absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) process of biomaterials and small molecules in the body. Degradation of biomaterials can be followed by assessing the physical, mechanical, and chemical attributes of biomaterials. There are several techniques/parameters that can be targeted when studying the degradation of biomaterials, with gravimetric analysis, surface erosion, and morphological changes being the largely employed techniques. However, the techniques present a few limitations, such as technical errors and material solubility being mistaken for degradation, and these techniques can infer but not confirm degradation as they do not provide the chemical composition of fragmenting/fragmented molecules. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) guidelines provide techniques and parameters for assessing biodegradation. However, the ASTM guidelines for degradation assessment approaches and techniques need to be updated to provide sufficient evidence to draw conclusive decisions regarding the degradation of biomaterials. In this review, the degradation assessment approaches and techniques are critically reviewed about their advantages and disadvantages, and to provide suggestions on how they can still play a role in assessing the degradation of biomaterials. This review could assist researchers employ cost-effective, efficient, and multiple degradation assessment techniques to evaluate and provide sufficient information about the degradation of biomaterials. Suggested future ASTM guidelines for assessing biodegradation should include measuring parameters (such as chemical, mechanical, or physical attributes of biomaterials) in real-time, employing non-invasive, continuous, and automated processes.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00487-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141561176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-18DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00485-3
Ana Kraš, Ingrid Milošev, Antoine Seyeux, Philippe Marcus
This study validates the proposed polymerised structure, including tetrameric polynuclear species, of solid amorphous oxyhydroxide zirconium conversion coatings on cold-rolled steel using ToF-SIMS. Tetramers are formed at pH near 4 (and possibly higher), with thickness increasing over extended conversion times. EIS in simulated acid rain further demonstrates that optimal coating formation requires a pH of at least 4 and a sufficient conversion time for adequate thickness, confirmed by the high-frequency EIS loop. Tetramer forms were not observed when the coatings were prepared at lower pH or shorter conversion time, proving that the polymerisation step is crucial for obtaining the coatings offering adequate corrosion protection.
本研究利用 ToF-SIMS 验证了所提出的冷轧钢固态无定形氢氧化锆转化涂层的聚合结构，包括四聚体多核物种。四聚物在 pH 值接近 4（也可能更高）时形成，厚度随着转化时间的延长而增加。在模拟酸雨中进行的 EIS 进一步证明，最佳涂层形成需要至少 4 的 pH 值和足够的转化时间才能达到足够的厚度，这一点已被高频 EIS 循环所证实。在较低的 pH 值或较短的转化时间下制备涂层时，没有观察到四聚体形式，这证明聚合步骤对于获得具有足够腐蚀保护能力的涂层至关重要。
{"title":"Polymerised forms in the zirconium conversion coatings on cold-rolled steel: proof of concept","authors":"Ana Kraš, Ingrid Milošev, Antoine Seyeux, Philippe Marcus","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00485-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00485-3","url":null,"abstract":"This study validates the proposed polymerised structure, including tetrameric polynuclear species, of solid amorphous oxyhydroxide zirconium conversion coatings on cold-rolled steel using ToF-SIMS. Tetramers are formed at pH near 4 (and possibly higher), with thickness increasing over extended conversion times. EIS in simulated acid rain further demonstrates that optimal coating formation requires a pH of at least 4 and a sufficient conversion time for adequate thickness, confirmed by the high-frequency EIS loop. Tetramer forms were not observed when the coatings were prepared at lower pH or shorter conversion time, proving that the polymerisation step is crucial for obtaining the coatings offering adequate corrosion protection.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00485-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141425149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The irradiation of glass by heavy ions induces structural damage, generally leading to a decrease in its chemical durability whose amplitude strongly depends on the glass chemical composition. Here, we investigate the effects of irradiation by 7 MeV Au ions (simulating the main ballistic effects induced by self-irradiation in nuclear glass) on the behavior of a 4-oxide borosilicate glass in both the initial and residual dissolution regimes. The comparison between irradiated and non-irradiated glasses provides insights into the predominant atomic mechanisms governing glass alteration processes. The most pronounced effect is observed on interdiffusion in acidic conditions, with the rate increased by more than an order of magnitude for the irradiated glass. We show that both the interdiffusion regime and the residual regime are controlled by the hydrolysis of the B—O—Si linkages, whereas under initial dissolution rate regime in basic conditions the rate-limiting step becomes the hydrolysis of Si—O—Si linkages. Overall, the observations suggest structural disorder due to external irradiation by Au ions primarily affects the kinetics of glass alteration without changing the fundamental nature of the limiting reactions.
{"title":"Effect of structural disorder induced by external irradiation with heavy ions on the alteration of a four oxide borosilicate glass","authors":"Stéphane Gin, Mélanie Taron, Hélène Arena, Jean-Marc Delaye","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00483-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00483-5","url":null,"abstract":"The irradiation of glass by heavy ions induces structural damage, generally leading to a decrease in its chemical durability whose amplitude strongly depends on the glass chemical composition. Here, we investigate the effects of irradiation by 7 MeV Au ions (simulating the main ballistic effects induced by self-irradiation in nuclear glass) on the behavior of a 4-oxide borosilicate glass in both the initial and residual dissolution regimes. The comparison between irradiated and non-irradiated glasses provides insights into the predominant atomic mechanisms governing glass alteration processes. The most pronounced effect is observed on interdiffusion in acidic conditions, with the rate increased by more than an order of magnitude for the irradiated glass. We show that both the interdiffusion regime and the residual regime are controlled by the hydrolysis of the B—O—Si linkages, whereas under initial dissolution rate regime in basic conditions the rate-limiting step becomes the hydrolysis of Si—O—Si linkages. Overall, the observations suggest structural disorder due to external irradiation by Au ions primarily affects the kinetics of glass alteration without changing the fundamental nature of the limiting reactions.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00483-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141425147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00482-6
Haruka Saito, Masashi Nishimoto, Izumi Muto
In Type 316 L stainless steel fabricated from gas-atomized powder via spark plasma sintering, lack-of-fusion pores and MnS inclusions were identified as possible pitting initiation sites. Through potentiodynamic polarization with different working electrode areas, the distribution density of the identified pit initiation sites was compared with that of sites found on wrought Type 316 L stainless steel. Surface observations of the sintered Type 316 L after polarization suggest that pitting corrosion was initiated at a location where both MnS and pores existed. By reducing the porosity and removing MnS, the roles of pores and MnS inclusions in the initiation of pitting corrosion were investigated.
在通过火花等离子烧结由气体原子化粉末制成的 316 L 型不锈钢中，发现了可能的点蚀起始点--熔融缺乏孔隙和 MnS 夹杂物。通过不同工作电极面积的电位极化，将已确定的点蚀起始点的分布密度与锻造的 316 L 型不锈钢上发现的点蚀起始点的分布密度进行了比较。极化后对烧结 316 L 型不锈钢的表面观察结果表明，点蚀是在同时存在 MnS 和孔隙的位置引发的。通过降低孔隙率和去除 MnS，研究了孔隙和 MnS 包裹体在引发点蚀中的作用。
{"title":"Pitting corrosion characteristics of sintered Type 316 L stainless steel: relationship between pores and MnS","authors":"Haruka Saito, Masashi Nishimoto, Izumi Muto","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00482-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00482-6","url":null,"abstract":"In Type 316 L stainless steel fabricated from gas-atomized powder via spark plasma sintering, lack-of-fusion pores and MnS inclusions were identified as possible pitting initiation sites. Through potentiodynamic polarization with different working electrode areas, the distribution density of the identified pit initiation sites was compared with that of sites found on wrought Type 316 L stainless steel. Surface observations of the sintered Type 316 L after polarization suggest that pitting corrosion was initiated at a location where both MnS and pores existed. By reducing the porosity and removing MnS, the roles of pores and MnS inclusions in the initiation of pitting corrosion were investigated.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00482-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141287015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00472-8
Margherita Gnemmi, Laura Fuster-Lòpez, Marion Mecklenburg, Alison Murray, Sarah Sands, Greg Watson, Francesca Caterina Izzo
The study of film-formation processes of oil paints has been extensively addressed over the last decade and the influence of metal ions in the drying and degradation stages of oil paints has been demonstrated. This research aimed to determine a suitable methodology for monitoring the early drying stages of selected commercial oil paint films and to gain an insight into the migration mechanisms of material degradation taking place between adjacent paint films, with special attention to the influence of the lead white. For this purpose, a hybrid approach was adopted to characterize the composition of the paint and highlight failure mechanisms in the paint films through a wide range of time. The methods included scribe tests, percentage weight variation (ΔW%), attenuated reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (ATR-FTIR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and thermal analysis with differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). The results show how metal ions interact with the oil binder and the pigment in the adjacent paint film: the transverse migration of lead white is shown to affect the reactivity of polyunsaturated triglycerides, increasing the rate of oxygen uptake and promoting the formation of radicals and bonds between polymer chains, depending on the pigment with which it interacts.
{"title":"Ion migration mechanisms in the early stages of drying and degradation of oil paint films","authors":"Margherita Gnemmi, Laura Fuster-Lòpez, Marion Mecklenburg, Alison Murray, Sarah Sands, Greg Watson, Francesca Caterina Izzo","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00472-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00472-8","url":null,"abstract":"The study of film-formation processes of oil paints has been extensively addressed over the last decade and the influence of metal ions in the drying and degradation stages of oil paints has been demonstrated. This research aimed to determine a suitable methodology for monitoring the early drying stages of selected commercial oil paint films and to gain an insight into the migration mechanisms of material degradation taking place between adjacent paint films, with special attention to the influence of the lead white. For this purpose, a hybrid approach was adopted to characterize the composition of the paint and highlight failure mechanisms in the paint films through a wide range of time. The methods included scribe tests, percentage weight variation (ΔW%), attenuated reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (ATR-FTIR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and thermal analysis with differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). The results show how metal ions interact with the oil binder and the pigment in the adjacent paint film: the transverse migration of lead white is shown to affect the reactivity of polyunsaturated triglycerides, increasing the rate of oxygen uptake and promoting the formation of radicals and bonds between polymer chains, depending on the pigment with which it interacts.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00472-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141294997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00481-7
Daniel A. Britton, David Penney, Amar D. Malla, Shahin Mehraban, James Sullivan, Mathew Goldsworthy, James McGettrick, Richard Johnston, Ria L. Mitchell, Clive Challinor
Microscopy, electrochemical techniques and mechanical testing are used to investigate the effect of varying antimony additions (0.45–1.8 wt%) on the microstructure and corrosion properties of zinc-magnesium-aluminium coating alloys. Samples were produced by splat casting to produce high cooling rates similar to those seen in a continuous galvanising line. X-Ray Microscopy reveals that the Sb additions produce disk-shaped Mg3Sb2 intermetallics, subsequently reducing or eliminating the MgZn2 eutectic. Electrochemical testing in 1 wt% NaCl shows that the Mg3Sb2 phase is cathodic with respect to the bulk alloy with slower oxygen reduction kinetics. The decrease in eutectic content leads to less intense anodic activity. The combined effect is anodic and cathodic deactivation, which leads to a 43% reduction in corrosion rate as measured through LPR compared to the base alloy. This work shows that quaternary additions to ZMA coating alloys can be a potential route to improved corrosion resistance for galvanic protection.
{"title":"Effect of antimony additions on the microstructure and performance of Zn–Mg–Al alloy coatings","authors":"Daniel A. Britton, David Penney, Amar D. Malla, Shahin Mehraban, James Sullivan, Mathew Goldsworthy, James McGettrick, Richard Johnston, Ria L. Mitchell, Clive Challinor","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00481-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00481-7","url":null,"abstract":"Microscopy, electrochemical techniques and mechanical testing are used to investigate the effect of varying antimony additions (0.45–1.8 wt%) on the microstructure and corrosion properties of zinc-magnesium-aluminium coating alloys. Samples were produced by splat casting to produce high cooling rates similar to those seen in a continuous galvanising line. X-Ray Microscopy reveals that the Sb additions produce disk-shaped Mg3Sb2 intermetallics, subsequently reducing or eliminating the MgZn2 eutectic. Electrochemical testing in 1 wt% NaCl shows that the Mg3Sb2 phase is cathodic with respect to the bulk alloy with slower oxygen reduction kinetics. The decrease in eutectic content leads to less intense anodic activity. The combined effect is anodic and cathodic deactivation, which leads to a 43% reduction in corrosion rate as measured through LPR compared to the base alloy. This work shows that quaternary additions to ZMA coating alloys can be a potential route to improved corrosion resistance for galvanic protection.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00481-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141287028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1038/s41529-024-00474-6
Hyun-Kyu Hwang, Seong-Jong Kim
In this investigation, electropolishing and plasma ion nitriding are applied to super austenitic stainless steel for the purpose of improving its corrosion and pitting resistance. Electrochemical experiments are conducted with washing water collected directly from the ship’s scrubber. After electropolishing, the surface roughness is improved by about 73.6% compared to mechanical polishing. After plasma ion nitriding, CrN (precipitate), Fe4N (compound), and γN (solid solution) are observed on the surface. The thickness of the layer formed on the surface is measured to be about 10 μm. A hysteresis loop is observed in the cyclic potentiodynamic polarization curves of mechanical polishing and electropolishing, and the areas are calculated as 23.33 mW cm−2 and 0.17 mW cm−2, respectively. The polarization curve of plasma ion nitriding presents perfect passivation characteristics. Accordingly, mechanical polishing and electropolishing reveal local corrosion, whereas plasma ion nitriding presents a tendency towards general corrosion. In the mechanical polishing, electropolishing, and plasma ion nitriding, the corrosion current densities are 0.665 μA cm−2, 0.093 μA cm−2, and 16.47 μA cm−2, respectively, and the maximum damage depth is observed to grow progressively smaller from plasma ion nitriding to electropolishing and then mechanical polishing.
{"title":"Electrochemical characteristics and damage mechanism in scrubber washing water of UNS N08367 with plasma ion nitriding and electropolishing","authors":"Hyun-Kyu Hwang, Seong-Jong Kim","doi":"10.1038/s41529-024-00474-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41529-024-00474-6","url":null,"abstract":"In this investigation, electropolishing and plasma ion nitriding are applied to super austenitic stainless steel for the purpose of improving its corrosion and pitting resistance. Electrochemical experiments are conducted with washing water collected directly from the ship’s scrubber. After electropolishing, the surface roughness is improved by about 73.6% compared to mechanical polishing. After plasma ion nitriding, CrN (precipitate), Fe4N (compound), and γN (solid solution) are observed on the surface. The thickness of the layer formed on the surface is measured to be about 10 μm. A hysteresis loop is observed in the cyclic potentiodynamic polarization curves of mechanical polishing and electropolishing, and the areas are calculated as 23.33 mW cm−2 and 0.17 mW cm−2, respectively. The polarization curve of plasma ion nitriding presents perfect passivation characteristics. Accordingly, mechanical polishing and electropolishing reveal local corrosion, whereas plasma ion nitriding presents a tendency towards general corrosion. In the mechanical polishing, electropolishing, and plasma ion nitriding, the corrosion current densities are 0.665 μA cm−2, 0.093 μA cm−2, and 16.47 μA cm−2, respectively, and the maximum damage depth is observed to grow progressively smaller from plasma ion nitriding to electropolishing and then mechanical polishing.","PeriodicalId":19270,"journal":{"name":"npj Materials Degradation","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41529-024-00474-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141187659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：