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Cryptosporiopsis citri sp. nov.; cause of a citrus leaf spot in the Pacific Islands. 柑桔隐孢子虫;导致太平洋岛屿上的柑橘叶斑病。
Pub Date : 1988-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/03015521.1988.10425632
P. Johnston, R. A. Fullerton
Abstract A fungus causing a leaf-spotting disease and leaf drop of Citrus spp. in the Pacific Islands is described as Cryptosporiopsis citri sp. nov. Previously, this fungus was recorded as Guigndrdia citricarpa Kiely. C. citri differs from G. citricarpa in morphology, cultural characteristics, and disease symptoms.
摘要一种在太平洋岛屿引起柑橘斑叶病和落叶的真菌被称为柑橘隐孢子虫(Cryptosporiopsis citri sp. nov.),此前该真菌被记录为Guigndrdia citricarpa Kiely。柑桔在形态、文化特征和疾病症状上与柑桔不同。
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引用次数: 6
Field evaluation of pelletised calcined and insoluble residue of Christmas Island ‘C’ phosphates 圣诞岛' C '磷酸盐颗粒煅烧和不溶性残留物的现场评价
Pub Date : 1988-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/03015521.1988.10425636
R. Longhurst, M. O'connor, H. Rothbaum
Abstract Two pelletised fertilisers, calcined and the alkali insoluble residues of Christmas Island ‘C’ phosphate (CICP), were compared with powdered materials in a pasture mowing trial. The pelletising process used 10% non-swelling New Zealand bentonite clay to bind the ground materials. The pelletised materials performed well under field conditions. Over 2 years the general trend was for pelletised materials to produce slightly more pasture and to raise Olsen P soil levels compared with the corresponding powdered products.
摘要以圣诞岛‘C’磷酸盐(CICP)烧成颗粒和碱不溶性残留物两种颗粒肥料与粉末状肥料进行了刈割试验。制粒过程使用10%不膨胀的新西兰膨润土粘土来粘结地面材料。球团材料在现场条件下表现良好。在2年的时间里,总的趋势是,与相应的粉状产品相比,颗粒材料生产的牧草略多,土壤中奥尔森磷含量也有所提高。
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引用次数: 1
Field performance and fruit quality of a range of strawberry cultivars grown in mid Canterbury 在坎特伯雷中部种植的一系列草莓品种的田间性能和果实品质
Pub Date : 1988-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/03015521.1988.10425626
K. Carter, R. Haynes, R. Stoker
Abstract The field performance of five University of California strawberry cultivars: ‘Aiko’, ‘Brighton’, ‘Cruz’, and ‘Pajaro’; and four cultivars currently grown in New Zealand: ‘Sequoia’, ‘Ostara’, ‘Tioga’, and ‘Redgauntlet’, were evaluated in mid Canterbury in a 3-year field trial. Yield, fruit size, the chemical properties relating to fruit quality, and leaf nutrient concentrations were measured and compared. Of the Californian cultivars, ‘Aiko’ and ‘Brighton’ produced the highest total yields over the 3-year period. Their yields were similar to those of ‘Tioga’ and ‘Sequoia’ and higher than those of ‘Ostara’ and ‘Redgauntlet’. ‘Aiko’, however, produced a low yield in the first season. ‘Brighton’, like ‘Ostara’, produced its crop over a prolonged period whereas ‘Aiko’, like ‘Redgauntlet’, produced a second crop in late summer. Accordingly in Canterbury, ‘Brighton’, with its large fruit, is becoming popular for the gate sales market whereas ‘Aiko’ is replacing ‘Redgauntlet’ as a processing and fresh ex...
研究了加州大学5个草莓品种‘Aiko’、‘Brighton’、‘Cruz’和‘Pajaro’的田间表现;目前在新西兰种植的四个品种:‘Sequoia’、‘Ostara’、‘Tioga’和‘Redgauntlet’在坎特伯雷中部进行了为期3年的田间试验。测量和比较了产量、果实大小、与果实品质有关的化学性质和叶片营养物质浓度。在加利福尼亚品种中,“爱子”和“布莱顿”在3年内的总产量最高。它们的产量与‘Tioga’和‘Sequoia’相似,高于‘Ostara’和‘Redgauntlet’。然而,“爱子”在第一季的产量很低。“布莱顿”和“奥斯塔”一样,在很长一段时间内生产了一季作物,而“爱子”和“Redgauntlet”一样,在夏末生产了第二季作物。因此,在坎特伯雷,“布赖顿”因其大水果而成为大门销售市场的热门,而“Aiko”正在取代“Redgauntlet”,成为加工和新鲜的水果。
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引用次数: 4
Performance of six timothy (Phleum pratense L.) lines in pure swards under grazing 放牧条件下6个蒂莫西系在纯草地上的表现
Pub Date : 1988-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/03015521.1988.10425624
J. Caradus
Abstract The long-term persistence of timothy grass (Phleum pratense L.) in grazed pastures is generally regarded as inadequate. A selection of cultivars were compared in a small plot trial which was managed at contrasting grazing frequencies for 2 years and in which yield, height, and tiller numbers were measured. The whole trial was grazed regularly during the next 5 years and persistence determined as the proportion of timothy in the herbage harvested 6 and 7 years after sowing. The pasture type was more prostate and tillered than ‘Grasslands Kahu’. However, Kahu and the selection within Kahu were the highest yielding and Kahu was the most persistant. The low persistence of the prostrate type is discussed and partly attributed to its poor adaptation to New Zealand conditions.
摘要:人们普遍认为,在放牧草场中,蒂莫西草(Phleum pratense L.)的长期持久性不足。在2年不同放牧频率的小块试验中,对所选品种进行了比较,测定了产量、高度和分蘖数。整个试验在接下来的5年里定期放牧,持久性以播种后6年和7年收获的牧草中提摩西草的比例确定。牧场类型比“卡湖草原”更有前列腺和分蘖。而卡胡和卡胡内选育的产量最高,且卡胡的持久性最强。讨论了匍匐型的低持久性,部分归因于其对新西兰条件的适应能力差。
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引用次数: 6
Species composition and management of winter sports fields 冬季运动场的物种组成与管理
Pub Date : 1988-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/03015521.1988.10425625
P. Evans
Abstract Results are presented from trials investigating the effects of species and management on winter sports fields. Perennial ryegrass was the species most resistant to artificial wear. A number of turf cultivars of ryegrass were, on average, as resistant as the coarser and taller-growing pasture types, with the advantage for management purposes of being easier to mow. Species in mixed swards reacted to wear as was expected from the pure sward results. Changes in the composition of mixed swards with time indicated that, in the absence of wear, browntop would dominate ryegrass. Wear is therefore an important factor in maintaining a high level of ryegrass in a turf. No effect of soil water content was obtained at the levels of wear investigated; this is contrary to general experience. Regular close mowing (19 mm) produced a denser and more wear-resistant turf than infrequent lax mowing (150/38 mm). Grass length at time of treatment had an effect on damage and recovery under lax mowing.
摘要:本文介绍了对冬季运动场物种和管理影响的试验结果。多年生黑麦草对人工磨损的抗性最强。平均而言,一些黑麦草的草坪品种与粗壮和高大的牧草类型一样具有抗性,在管理目的上具有更容易修剪的优势。混合草地中的物种对磨损的反应与纯草地的结果一致。混合草的组成随时间的变化表明,在没有磨损的情况下,褐顶草以黑麦草为主。因此,磨损是保持草皮中黑麦草高水平的重要因素。在所调查的磨损水平上,土壤含水量没有影响;这与一般经验相反。定期的紧密修剪(19毫米)比不经常的松散修剪(150/38毫米)产生更密集和更耐磨的草坪。刈割不严格时,处理时间的草长对损伤和恢复有影响。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of growth retardant soil residues on succeeding agricultural crops 生长阻残土对继代农作物的影响
Pub Date : 1988-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/03015521.1988.10425634
J. Hampton
Abstract The growth retardants paclobutrazol, flurprimidol, and chlormequat chloride may be used to increase perennial ryegrass seed yield. However, the former two retardants are soil-active and residues may affect succeeding crops. A trial at Palmerston North examined possible soil residual effects of all three retardants on succeeding crops of wheat, rape, turnip, Italian ryegrass, and field bean, sown 200 days after retardant application to the previous crop. Chlormequat chloride exhibited no soil residual activity. Paclobutrazol and flurprimidol reduced the stem length or plant height of all five species tested. Retardation of plant growth increased as the original retardant application rate increased. Paclobutrazol residues reduced total dry matter (DM) in field bean only. Reductions in stem length of wheat and Italian ryegrass were compensated by increased tillering and for turnip and rape by increased stem width. Flurprimidol residues, particularly at an original application rate of 2.0 kg a.i./ha,...
摘要/ Abstract摘要:多效唑、氟咪唑和氯咪唑可以提高多年生黑麦草种子产量。然而,前两种缓凝剂具有土壤活性,残留可能影响后续作物。在北帕默斯顿进行的一项试验中,研究了在对前一种作物施用阻燃剂200天后,所有三种阻燃剂对小麦、油菜、萝卜、意大利黑麦草和大田豆的后续作物可能产生的土壤残留影响。氯草枯无土壤残留活性。多效唑和氟吡咪多减少了所有5种植物的茎长或株高。随着原阻燃剂施用量的增加,植物生长迟缓程度增加。多效唑残留仅降低大田大豆的总干物质(DM)。小麦和意大利黑麦草茎长减少可通过增加分蘖得到补偿,萝卜和油菜茎宽减少可通过增加分蘖得到补偿。氟咪唑的残留,特别是在最初2.0 kg a.i./ha的施用量下,…
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引用次数: 14
A comparative field evaluation of some potential sulphur fertiliser materials 几种潜在的含硫肥料材料的田间比较评价
Pub Date : 1988-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/03015521.1988.10425637
B. Swanney, C. C. Boswell, P. Enright, A. G. Sinclair
Abstract The escalating cost of superphosphate, the traditional phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) fertiliser in New Zealand, has led to increased awareness of high analysis P and S fertilisers. With S, interest has centred on elemental S (S°), but to be effective, S°fertilisers must be readily oxidised to supply sulphate-S (SO4-S) at a rate which satisfies plant requirements. This rate is largely dependent on particle size. Experimental batches of alternative S°fertilisers, with future commercial possibilities for New Zealand pastures, were assessed over three seasons, from 1982 to 1985, in a cool temperate environment. These products included granulated ground S°;mixtures of molten S° and sodium (Na) bentonite; a mixture of S° and anhydrous calcium sulphate; imported sulphur prills; imported ground gypsum; and S° particles in five size ranges. Their effectiveness was compared by reference to a nil S control treatment and to five rates of S applied as molten mixed sulphur superphosphate (MMSS). The prime ind...
在新西兰,传统的磷(P)和硫(S)肥料过磷酸钙的成本不断上升,导致人们对高分析磷和硫肥料的认识增加。对于S,人们的兴趣集中在元素S (S°)上,但为了有效,S°肥料必须易于氧化以满足植物需求的速率提供硫酸盐S (SO4-S)。这个速率很大程度上取决于颗粒的大小。从1982年到1985年,在一个凉爽的温带环境中,对具有未来商业可能性的可替代S°肥料的试验批次进行了评估。这些产品包括颗粒状S°,熔融S°和钠(Na)膨润土的混合物;S°和无水硫酸钙的混合物;进口硫磺丸;进口磨粉石膏;和S°颗粒在五个尺寸范围。通过对照零硫处理和五种速率的硫作为熔融混合过磷酸硫(MMSS)的效果进行了比较。质数…
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引用次数: 4
Evaluation of row spacings and support systems for autumn-fruiting raspberries 秋果树莓行间距和支撑系统的评价
Pub Date : 1988-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/03015521.1988.10425629
F. Tabley, P. Rhodes, R. Haynes
Abstract The effects of three inter-row spacings (3 m, 1.5 m, and 0.75 m), and two support systems (training vertically or on a V-shaped trellis) on total yield, yield components, and ease of hand picking of autumn rasperries (Rubus idaeus L. ‘Heritage’) was investigated in a 3-year field trial in Canterbury. In the first year, number of fruiting canes/m2 and yields/ha were both increased as row spacings were reduced from 3 to 0.75 m. However, in the second and third seasons, although these parameters were increased as spacings were reduced from 3 to 1.5 m, a further reduction in spacing to 0.75 m had no effect. Neither the number of berries per fruiting cane nor yield per fruiting cane were significantly affected by row spacings, although there was a tendency for mean berry weight to increase as row spacing was reduced. Reducing row spacing from 1.5 to 0.75 m made access to rows difficult and reduced picking rate. Training canes on a V trellis had no significant effect on any of the measured parameters a...
摘要在坎特伯雷进行了为期3年的田间试验,研究了3种行距(3 m、1.5 m和0.75 m)和2种支撑系统(垂直或v型棚架)对秋莓(Rubus idaeus L. ' Heritage ')总产量、产量组成部分和手采便利性的影响。第1年,行距由3 ~ 0.75 m减少到3 ~ 0.75 m,亩产量均有提高。然而,在第二和第三季,虽然这些参数随着间距从3减小到1.5 m而增加,但间距进一步减小到0.75 m没有影响。行距对单株果实数和单株果实产量均无显著影响,但平均果实重有随行距减小而增加的趋势。将行距从1.5 m减少到0.75 m使获取行变得困难,并降低了采摘率。在V型网格上训练手杖对任何测量参数都没有显著影响。
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引用次数: 0
‘Tekau’—A new late main-crop potato cultivar 马铃薯晚熟主粮新品种Tekau
Pub Date : 1988-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/03015521.1988.10425627
R. Genet
Abstract ‘Tekau’ is a late maturing cultivar of potato (Solarium tuberosum L.) which is suitable for both fresh market and processing. The plant is characterised by the purple anthocyanin pigmentation of the stems. The tubers are smooth skinned and flat oval in cross-section. ‘Tekau’ has good levels of disease resistance and high yield potential. Its high tuber set means that few oversize tubers are produced but, unless growing conditions are favourable, many small tubers can result.
摘要Tekau是马铃薯(Solarium tuberosum L.)的晚熟品种,既适合生鲜市场,也适合加工。该植物的特点是茎部的紫色花青素色素沉着。块茎表皮光滑,横截面扁平椭圆形。Tekau具有良好的抗病性和高产潜力。它的高块茎集意味着很少生产超大块茎,但除非生长条件有利,否则可以产生许多小块茎。
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引用次数: 3
Fungi causing storage rots on fruit of Cucurbita spp. 引起瓜类果实贮藏腐烂的真菌。
Pub Date : 1988-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/03015521.1988.10425631
B. T. Hawthorne
Abstract Fungal storage rots were surveyed in cultivars of Cucurbita maxima and C. moschata during 1973 and 1974. Fourteen fungi were identified as pathogens of the fruit. The major pathogens were Fusarium culmorum, F. solani, and Didymella bryoniae; minor pathogens included Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum coccodes, F. acuminatum, F. equiseti, F. lateritium, F. sulphureum, Phoma exigua, P. herbarum, Phytophthora citricola, P. cryptogea, and Septoria cucurbitacearum.
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引用次数: 24
期刊
New Zealand journal of experimental agriculture
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