Neuroscience Letters最新文献_第6页

Hippocampal iron overload and spatial reference memory impairment: Insights from a rat model 海马铁超载与空间参照记忆障碍：大鼠模型的启示

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience Letters

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.138014

Yihao Sun , Bin Tian , Jiali Liang , Meiru Bu , Xi Deng , Kemei Deng , Muliang Jiang , Bihong T. Chen

Background

Brain iron overload may induce neuronal death and lead to cognitive impairment. The hippocampus is a critical limbic structure involved in memory. This study aimed to investigate iron overload and its role in hippocampal damage and memory impairment using a rat model.

Methods

Young rats (2 weeks old) received intraperitoneal injections of high-dose iron solution (Group H, n = 10), low-dose iron solution (Group L, n = 10) and normal saline as control (Group D, n = 5). The Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed on all rats to evaluate their spatial reference memory by assessing their escape latency time and number of platform crossing. The iron content and neuronal damage in hippocampal tissue sections of the rats were assessed semi-quantitatively using diaminobenzidine (DAB)-enhanced Perl’s Prussian blue (PPB) staining, and their correlation with spatial reference memory performance was evaluated.

Results

The escape latency in Group H was significantly longer compared to Groups L and D (P < 0.05). The number of platform crossings was significantly lower in Group H than in Group L or D (P < 0.001). The neuronal cells in Group H had more brown iron deposits than those of Groups L and D. There were significant correlations between the severity of structural damage in the hippocampal tissue and the number of platform crossings (P₁ = 0.001 for Group H; P₂ = 0.043 for Group L).

Conclusion

This study showed an association between hippocampal iron-induced structural damage and spatial reference memory impairment in a rat model. This work should advance our understanding of hippocampal iron overload on cognitive functioning.

背景：大脑铁超载可能诱发神经元死亡并导致认知障碍。海马是参与记忆的重要边缘结构。本研究旨在利用大鼠模型研究铁超载及其在海马损伤和记忆障碍中的作用：幼鼠（2 周大）腹腔注射高剂量铁溶液（H 组，n = 10）、低剂量铁溶液（L 组，n = 10）和生理盐水作为对照（D 组，n = 5）。对所有大鼠进行莫里斯水迷宫（MWM）测试，通过评估其逃逸潜伏时间和穿越平台的次数来评价其空间参照记忆。采用二氨基联苯胺（DAB）增强珀尔普鲁士蓝（PPB）染色法对大鼠海马组织切片中的铁含量和神经元损伤进行半定量评估，并评价其与空间参照记忆表现的相关性：结果：与 L 组和 D 组相比，H 组的逃避潜伏期明显更长（H 组 P1 = 0.001；L 组 P2 = 0.043）：结论：这项研究表明，在大鼠模型中，海马铁诱导的结构损伤与空间参照记忆损伤之间存在关联。结论：这项研究表明，在大鼠模型中，海马铁诱导的结构性损伤与空间参照记忆损伤之间存在关联。这项工作将促进我们对海马铁超载对认知功能影响的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Serotonin-2B receptor (5-HT2BR) expression and binding in the brain of APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice and in Alzheimer’s disease brain tissue APPswe/PS1dE9转基因小鼠大脑和阿尔茨海默氏症脑组织中羟色胺-2B受体（5-HT2BR）的表达和结合。

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience Letters

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.138013

Marco Anzalone , Sarmad A. Karam , Sanne R.R. Briting , Sussanne Petersen , Majken B. Thomsen , Alicia A. Babcock , Anne M. Landau , Bente Finsen , Athanasios Metaxas

Despite well-documented dysregulation in central serotonergic signaling in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), knowledge about the potential involvement of the serotonin-2B receptor (5-HT_2BR) subtype remains sparse. Here, we assessed the levels of 5-HT_2BRs in brain tissue from APP_swe/PS1_dE9 transgenic (TG) mice, AD patients, and adult microglial cells. 5-HT_2BR mRNA was measured by RT-qPCR in ageing TG and wild-type (WT) mice, in samples from the middle frontal gyrus of female, AD and control subjects, and in microglia from the cerebral cortex of WT mice. The density of 5-HT_2BRs was measured by autoradiography using [³H]RS 127445. Both mouse and human brains had low levels of 5-HT_2BR mRNA. In whole-brain mouse samples, mRNA expression was significantly lower in TG mice compared to WT at > 18 months of age. In the Aβ-plaque-burdened neocortex and hippocampus of old TG mice, however, levels of 5-HT_2BR mRNA were two-fold higher over control, with similar elevations observed in the Aβ-plaque-burdened frontal cortex of human AD patients. 5-HT_2BR mRNA expression varied widely in adult microglia and was higher compared to other cortical cell subtypes. In mice, specific [³H]RS-127445 binding in the cortex was first detected after 3 months of age. The density of 5-HT_2BRs was low and overall reduced in TG, compared to WT mice. Binding was detectable but too low to be reliably quantified in the human cortex. Our results document Aβ-associated increases in 5-HT_2BR mRNA expression and suggest reduced receptor binding in the context of AD. Studies investigating the functional involvement of microglial 5-HT_2BRs in AD are considered relevant.

尽管阿尔茨海默病（AD）的中枢5-羟色胺能信号传导失调已得到充分证实，但有关5-羟色胺-2B受体（5-HT2BR）亚型可能参与其中的知识仍然很少。在这里，我们评估了 APPswe/PS1dE9 转基因（TG）小鼠、AD 患者和成人小胶质细胞脑组织中 5-HT2BR 的水平。通过 RT-qPCR 法测量了老龄 TG 和野生型（WT）小鼠、雌性、AD 和对照组受试者额叶中回样本以及 WT 小鼠大脑皮层小胶质细胞中的 5-HT2BR mRNA。使用[3H]RS 127445通过自显影测量了5-HT2BRs的密度。小鼠和人脑中的 5-HT2BR mRNA 水平都很低。在小鼠全脑样本中，18 个月以上的 TG 小鼠的 mRNA 表达量明显低于 WT 小鼠。然而，在老年 TG 小鼠的 Aβ-plaque 负担的新皮层和海马中，5-HT2BR mRNA 水平比对照组高出两倍，在人类 AD 患者的 Aβ-plaque 负担的额叶皮层中也观察到类似的升高。5-HT2BR mRNA在成人小胶质细胞中的表达差异很大，与其他皮质细胞亚型相比更高。在小鼠中，3月龄后首次检测到皮质中的特异性[3H]RS-127445结合。与 WT 小鼠相比，TG 小鼠的 5-HT2BRs 密度较低，且总体上有所降低。在人类大脑皮层中可检测到结合，但结合率太低，无法进行可靠的量化。我们的研究结果表明，与 Aβ 相关的 5-HT2BR mRNA 表达增加，并表明在 AD 的情况下受体结合减少。对小胶质细胞 5-HT2BR 在 AD 中的功能参与进行调查研究被认为是有意义的。

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引用次数: 0

Association of plasma neurofilament light chain and Lipoprotein-related phospholipase A2 with motor subtypes of Parkinson’s disease 血浆神经丝轻链和脂蛋白相关磷脂酶 A2 与帕金森病运动亚型的关系

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience Letters

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.138011

Jinghui Zhang , Mengmeng Dong , Zhen Li, Zhuo Li, Rui Zhang, Meili Deng, Yanlin Wang, Tingyu Cao, Qingqing Shi, Pengcheng Huang, Tinglan Huang, Huiran Wang, Wei Liu, Wei Zhang, Qi Li, Tao Yan , Xiaodong Zhu

Neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels were reliable biomarkers of neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Lipoprotein-related Phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2) levels have also been increasingly studied in PD. We aimed to explore the association of plasma NfL and Lp-PLA2 with the diagnosis, motor subtypes and disease severity of PD. Plasma NfL and Lp-PLA2 were assayed separately in 106 participants (74 PD and 32 healthy controls, HC). The motor subtypes of PD were classified according to the MDS-UPDRS components, and motor and non-motor manifestations of patients were also evaluated. Subsequently, correlation analyses were performed. The plasma NfL levels were higher in the PD than HC, and were positively correlated with age, UPDRS II, UPDRS III and the modified Hoehn and Yahr staging scale (H&Y stage) in the PD. Moreover, plasma Lp-PLA2 levels were lower in the PD than HC, and were positively correlated with Parkinson’s Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQ-39) in the PD. For further distinguishing tremor-dominant (TD) from postural instability and gait difficulty-dominant (PIGD), plasma Lp-PLA2 levels were higher in the TD than PIGD, but there was no significant difference in NfL. plasma Lp-PLA2 levels were positively correlated with UPDRS I, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) and PDQ-39 in the TD. These results suggest that NfL and Lp-PLA2 may be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of PD. We first demonstrated the potential utility of plasma Lp-PLA2 in differentiating motor subtypes. These findings deserve further evidence in larger PD cohorts.

神经丝蛋白轻链（NfL）水平是帕金森病（PD）神经变性的可靠生物标志物。脂蛋白相关磷脂酶 A2（Lp-PLA2）水平在帕金森病中的研究也日益增多。我们的目的是探讨血浆NfL和Lp-PLA2与帕金森病的诊断、运动亚型和疾病严重程度的关系。我们分别检测了106名参与者（74名帕金森病患者和32名健康对照者）的血浆NfL和Lp-PLA2。根据 MDS-UPDRS 成分对帕金森病的运动亚型进行了分类，并对患者的运动和非运动表现进行了评估。随后进行了相关性分析。PD患者的血浆NfL水平高于HC患者，且与PD患者的年龄、UPDRS II、UPDRS III和改良的Hoehn和Yahr分期量表（H&Y分期）呈正相关。此外，帕金森病患者的血浆脂蛋白磷酸二酯（Lp-PLA2）水平低于帕金森病患者，且与帕金森病患者生活质量问卷（PDQ-39）呈正相关。为进一步区分震颤为主型（TD）和姿势不稳和步态困难为主型（PIGD），TD患者的血浆脂蛋白磷酸二酯水平高于PIGD患者，但NfL无显著差异。这些结果表明，NfL 和 Lp-PLA2 可能是诊断 PD 的潜在生物标志物。我们首次证明了血浆 Lp-PLA2 在区分运动亚型方面的潜在作用。这些发现值得在更大规模的PD队列中进一步证实。

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引用次数: 0

Alcohol exposure induces cortical activity change during quiescent state 酒精暴露会诱发静息状态下的大脑皮层活动变化。

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience Letters

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.138012

Chang Che , Tong Zhou , Shi-Yu Peng , Yan-Min Peng

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a significant global mental health issue that impacts both the central and peripheral systems, leading to widespread cognitive and motor dysfunctions. The primary motor cortex (M1) plays a critical role in motor planning, control, and execution, yet the effects of chronic alcohol exposure on M1 remain underexplored, particularly during quiescent states. This study investigates the functional changes in M1 due to chronic alcohol exposure using high-resolution Neuropixels electrode recordings in a mouse model. Our findings reveal alterations in neuronal firing mode, particularly in layer V, highlighting disruptions in the excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance. Despite similar overall firing rates, changes in firing interval distributions suggest altered temporal dynamics of neuronal activity due to alcohol exposure. These results align with existing literature on cortical disruptions caused by alcohol and provide new insights into the specific neuronal dynamics within M1, especially in quiescent states.

酒精使用障碍（AUD）是一个重要的全球性精神健康问题，它影响中枢和外周系统，导致广泛的认知和运动功能障碍。初级运动皮层（M1）在运动规划、控制和执行中起着至关重要的作用，但长期暴露于酒精对 M1 的影响仍未得到充分探索，尤其是在静息状态下。本研究通过在小鼠模型中使用高分辨率 Neuropixels 电极记录，研究了慢性酒精暴露导致的 M1 功能变化。我们的发现揭示了神经元发射模式的改变，尤其是在第五层，突出了兴奋/抑制（E/I）平衡的破坏。尽管总体发射率相似，但发射间隔分布的变化表明酒精暴露改变了神经元活动的时间动态。这些结果与有关酒精导致皮层破坏的现有文献相一致，并为了解 M1 内神经元的特定动态（尤其是静息状态）提供了新的视角。

引用次数: 0

Glycyrrhizic acid promote remyelination after peripheral nerve injury by reducing NF-κB activation 甘草酸通过减少 NF-κB 激活促进周围神经损伤后的再髓鞘化。

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience Letters

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.138009

Yuan Yue , Jing Wang , Jun Tian

Background

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) causes motor and sensory defects, has strong impact on life quality and still has no effective therapy. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is one of the most widely used in traditional Chinese prescriptions and as a flavoring additive in the food industry; the aims of the study were to investigate the effects of GA during sciatic nerve regeneration in a mouse model of sciatic nerve crush injury.

Methods

We established peripheral nerve crush model and investigated the effects of GA. We further studied the potential mechanism of action of GA by Western blotting, fluorescence immunohistochemistry, and PCR analysis.

Results

GA improves the sensory and motor functions of crushed nerve by preventing Schwann cell loss, axonal loss and promoting remyelination of sciatic nerve. Affected by GA, the inflammatory response in the distal part of the sciatic nerve was reduced. Finally, the neuroprotective properties of GA may be regulated by the nuclear factor (NF)‐κB pathway.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that GA can effectively alleviate PNI, and the mechanism involves mediating inflammatory response by suppressing NF-κB pathway activation. Thus, GA may represent a potential therapeutic intervention for nerve crush injury.

背景：周围神经损伤（PNI）会导致运动和感觉缺陷，对生活质量有很大影响，目前仍没有有效的治疗方法。本研究旨在探讨甘草酸在坐骨神经挤压伤小鼠模型中对坐骨神经再生的影响：方法：我们建立了坐骨神经挤压伤小鼠模型，并研究了 GA 的作用。结果：GA能改善小鼠坐骨神经的感觉和运动功能：结果：GA 通过防止许旺细胞丢失、轴突丢失和促进坐骨神经再髓鞘化，改善了粉碎神经的感觉和运动功能。受 GA 影响，坐骨神经远端部分的炎症反应有所减轻。最后，GA的神经保护特性可能受核因子（NF）-κB通路调控：我们的数据表明，GA 能有效缓解 PNI，其机制包括通过抑制 NF-κB 通路的激活来调解炎症反应。因此，GA 可能是治疗神经挤压伤的一种潜在干预措施。

{"title":"Glycyrrhizic acid promote remyelination after peripheral nerve injury by reducing NF-κB activation","authors":"Yuan Yue , Jing Wang , Jun Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.neulet.2024.138009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neulet.2024.138009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) causes motor and sensory defects, has strong impact on life quality and still has no effective therapy. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is one of the most widely used in traditional Chinese prescriptions and as a flavoring additive in the food industry; the aims of the study were to investigate the effects of GA during sciatic nerve regeneration in a mouse model of sciatic nerve crush injury.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We established peripheral nerve crush model and investigated the effects of GA. We further studied the potential mechanism of action of GA by Western blotting, fluorescence immunohistochemistry, and PCR analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>GA improves the sensory and motor functions of crushed nerve by preventing Schwann cell loss, axonal loss and promoting remyelination of sciatic nerve. Affected by GA, the inflammatory response in the distal part of the sciatic nerve was reduced. Finally, the neuroprotective properties of GA may be regulated by the nuclear factor (NF)‐κB pathway.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our data suggest that GA can effectively alleviate PNI, and the mechanism involves mediating inflammatory response by suppressing NF-κB pathway activation. Thus, GA may represent a potential therapeutic intervention for nerve crush injury.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19290,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Letters","volume":"843 ","pages":"Article 138009"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142471064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of different visual feedback interfaces of music training games on speech rehabilitation in hearing-impaired children: An fNIRS study 不同视觉反馈界面的音乐训练游戏对听障儿童语言康复的影响：一项 fNIRS 研究。

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience Letters

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.138010

Song Hao, Qiaoran Wang, Yuhan Zhang, Yibei Miao, Yuxin Shan

Singing plays a critical role in enhancing musicality, sound discrimination, and attention, and proves advantageous for speech rehabilitation in children with hearing impairments. Computer-based training games are well-suited to the learning behaviors of children, with substantial evidence suggesting that music training augments speech training capabilities in this demographic. Despite this, there is a lack of detailed exploration into the design of interactive online music training interfaces tailored for these needs. This study investigates brain activation changes using two visual feedback singing games, analyzed through functional near-infrared spectroscopy: a serious game (SG) and an entertainment game (EG) with visually enhanced feedback. It also assesses the efficacy of home-based music training software for speech rehabilitation.

Methods involved recording oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (Delta [HbO]) signals from the prefrontal cortex, motor cortex, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe in 21 children (average age: 9.3 ± 1.9 years) during two singing interface experiments. Subjects also completed the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) questionnaire post-experiment.

Main results showed that brain regions, particularly the temporal lobe, exhibited stronger and more pronounced activation signals with the SG interface compared to the EG, suggesting that SG is more effective for speech system rehabilitation. The Intrinsic Motivation Scale results revealed higher acceptability for SG than for EG. This study provides insights into designing online speech rehabilitation products for children with hearing impairment, advocating for better interactive training methods from a neuroscience perspective.

唱歌在提高乐感、声音辨别力和注意力方面起着至关重要的作用，并被证明有利于听障儿童的语言康复。基于计算机的训练游戏非常适合儿童的学习行为，大量证据表明，音乐训练能增强这一人群的语言训练能力。尽管如此，目前还缺乏针对这些需求设计互动式在线音乐训练界面的详细探索。本研究通过功能性近红外光谱分析研究了两款视觉反馈歌唱游戏的大脑激活变化：一款严肃游戏（SG）和一款带有视觉增强反馈的娱乐游戏（EG）。研究还评估了家庭音乐训练软件在语言康复方面的功效。研究方法包括在两次歌唱界面实验中记录 21 名儿童（平均年龄：9.3 ± 1.9 岁）的前额叶皮层、运动皮层、枕叶和颞叶的氧合血红蛋白浓度（Delta [HbO]）信号。受试者还在实验后填写了内在动机量表（IMI）问卷。主要结果显示，与 EG 相比，SG 界面的脑区（尤其是颞叶）表现出更强更明显的激活信号，这表明 SG 对语音系统康复更有效。内在动机量表结果显示，SG 的可接受性高于 EG。这项研究为设计听障儿童在线言语康复产品提供了启示，从神经科学的角度倡导了更好的交互式训练方法。

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引用次数: 0

Long-range cross-correlations between center of pressure velocity and colored noises provided during quiet standing 压力中心速度与安静站立时发出的彩色噪音之间的远距离交叉相关性。

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience Letters

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.138008

Momoko Yamagata , Ken Kiyono , Tetsuya Kimura

Unperceivable electrical noise stimulation has been applied to improve postural control through the enhancement of somatosensory feedback. It has been observed that stimulation with a pink noise (1/f) structure is more effective than stimulation with other noise structures. In addition, the 1/f structure embedded in the postural control system may have a superior effect on postural control stabilization. However, the direct relationship between the long-range correlations of the pink-noise signal applied to somatosensory receptors and those of the postural control system has not been elucidated. Thus, we aimed to explore a common long-range correlation factor shared in the time series of the provided noise and foot center of pressure (CoP) during quiet standing. Sixteen young adults stood quietly on the force platform for 65 s. Four noise conditions (no stimulation and stimulation of knee joints with white-, pink-, and red-noise-like signals) were employed during the standing trials. The detrending moving-average cross-correlation analysis revealed that in each of the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions, the CoP velocity time series displayed significant long-range cross-correlations with the white and pink noise signals provided at that time, whereas such an effect was not observed in the red noise signal. This result indicates that pink and white noise signals would alter the temporal behavior of the CoP during quiet standing, although the mechanism remains to be elucidated.

不可感知的电噪声刺激已被用于通过增强体感反馈来改善姿势控制。据观察，粉红噪声（1/f）结构的刺激比其他噪声结构的刺激更有效。此外，嵌入姿势控制系统中的 1/f 结构可能对姿势控制的稳定有更好的效果。然而，应用于体感受体的粉红噪声信号的长程相关性与姿势控制系统的长程相关性之间的直接关系尚未阐明。因此，我们的目的是探索在安静站立时，所提供的噪声和足部压力中心（CoP）的时间序列中是否存在共同的长程相关因子。16 名年轻人在受力平台上安静站立了 65 秒。在站立试验中采用了四种噪音条件（无刺激和用白色、粉色和红色类似噪音的信号刺激膝关节）。去趋势移动平均交叉相关分析表明，在前胸和内外侧方向上，CoP 速度时间序列与当时提供的白色和粉色噪声信号显示出明显的长程交叉相关，而在红色噪声信号中则没有观察到这种效应。这一结果表明，粉红和白噪声信号会改变安静站立时 CoP 的时间行为，但其机制仍有待阐明。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of Apelin-13 on auditory system in STZ-induced diabetic rats Apelin-13 对 STZ 诱导的糖尿病大鼠听觉系统的影响

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience Letters

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137996

Sevtap Kılınç , Rukiye Ölçüoğlu , Ayşe Arzu Yiğit , Özgecan Güneşer , Berfin Eylül Aydemir

Aim

Damage to the auditory pathways is one of the complications of diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of apelin-13 in the auditory pathways of rats with experimentally induced diabetes by examining its effect on auditory brainstem responses, cochlear oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines.

Methods

Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: sham control, diabetes, apelin and diabetes + apelin. A single dose of 45 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) was administered to induce diabetes. The apelin group received 50 µg/kg apelin-13 for seven days intraperitoneally (ip). At the end of the apelin and STZ applications auditory brainstem responses (ABR) was recorded. At the end of the experiment, cochlea was removed and biochemical analyzes were performed.

Results

In ABR recordings, the latencies of wave V in diabetic group were observed to be longer than those of the control, with the apelin treatment exhibiting a partial reversal of this situation, particularly at specific frequencies and intensity levels. Apelin treatment leads to a significant increase in total antioxidant status (TAS) and a reduction in total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) in cochlea compared to diabetic groups. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1 beta) in cochlear tissue were found to be significantly reduced in the apelin-treated group compared to the diabetic group.

Conclusion

Apelin-13 may have a protective effect on the auditory system and may be proposed as a potential new therapeutic strategy for the management diabetic auditory impairment.

目的：听觉通路受损是糖尿病并发症之一。本研究旨在通过研究凋亡素-13对听觉脑干反应、耳蜗氧化应激和炎症细胞因子的影响，探讨其对实验性糖尿病大鼠听觉通路的潜在治疗作用：将 32 只雄性 Wistar 白化大鼠分为四组：假对照组、糖尿病组、apelin 组和糖尿病 + apelin 组。给大鼠注射单剂量 45 毫克/千克链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱发糖尿病。阿佩林组腹腔注射50微克/千克阿佩林-13，连续七天（ip）。凋亡素和 STZ 应用结束后，记录听性脑干反应（ABR）。实验结束后，取出耳蜗并进行生化分析：结果：在 ABR 记录中，观察到糖尿病组 V 波的潜伏期比对照组长，阿佩林治疗可部分逆转这种情况，特别是在特定频率和强度水平。与糖尿病组相比，杏仁蛋白治疗可显著提高耳蜗的总抗氧化状态（TAS），降低总氧化状态（TOS）和氧化应激指数（OSI）。与糖尿病组相比，杏仁蛋白治疗组耳蜗组织中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素 1-β（IL-1β）的水平显著降低：Apelin-13可能对听觉系统有保护作用，可作为治疗糖尿病听觉损伤的一种潜在的新治疗策略。

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引用次数: 0

Association between alterations in sleep spindles and cognitive decline in persons with Parkinson’s disease 帕金森病患者睡眠棘波的改变与认知能力下降之间的关系。

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience Letters

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.138006

Christopher I. Villamar-Flores , Mayela Rodríguez-Violante , Arturo Abundes-Corona , Vanessa Alatriste-Booth , Matilde Valencia-Flores , Yaneth Rodríguez-Agudelo , Amín Cervantes-Arriaga , Rodolfo Solís-Vivanco

Background

Sleep macro and microstructural features have a relevant role for cognition. Although alterations in sleep macrostructure have been reported in persons with neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), it is unknown whether there is a relationship between alterations in microstructure (sleep spindles) and global cognitive deficits in this disease.

Objective

To explore the association between the macro and microstructure of sleep (sleep spindles) and the general cognitive state in persons with PD.

Methods

Thirty-three patients with idiopathic PD underwent a one-night polysomnography (PSG) and a global cognitive assessment using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. PSG-based macrostructural sleep values and quantification and spectral estimation of sleep spindles were obtained.

Results

We found increases in total sleep time, latency to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and percentage of N1 stage, as well as a decrease in percentage of REM sleep and sleep efficiency compared to values reported in healthy adults. Compared to expected values, a decrease in the number of sleep spindles was found at frontal regions. Participants with cognitive impairment showed an even lower count of sleep spindles, as well as an increase in the amplitude of underlying sigma (12–16 Hz) waves (fast spindles). When exploring MoCA subdomains, we found a consistent relationship between the number and amplitude of sleep spindles and attention capacity.

Conclusions

Decreased number and increased amplitude of sleep spindles are linked to cognitive impairment in persons with PD, especially in attention capacity. Therefore, sleep spindles characteristics could serve as prognostic indicators of cognitive deterioration in PD.

背景：睡眠的宏观和微观结构特征对认知具有相关作用。尽管有报道称包括帕金森病（PD）在内的神经退行性疾病患者的睡眠宏观结构发生了改变，但微观结构（睡眠棘波）的改变与这种疾病的整体认知障碍之间是否存在关系尚不清楚：探讨睡眠的宏观和微观结构（睡眠棘波）与帕金森病患者总体认知状态之间的关系：33名特发性帕金森病患者接受了一晚多导睡眠图（PSG）检查和蒙特利尔认知评估（MoCA）测试的总体认知评估。我们获得了基于 PSG 的宏观睡眠结构值以及睡眠棘波的量化和频谱估计值：结果：我们发现，与健康成人报告的数值相比，总睡眠时间、快速眼动（REM）睡眠潜伏期和 N1 阶段百分比均有所增加，而快速眼动睡眠百分比和睡眠效率则有所下降。与预期值相比，额叶区域的睡眠轴数量有所减少。认知障碍患者的睡眠棘波数量更少，而潜在的西格玛波（12-16 赫兹）（快速棘波）的振幅却有所增加。在探究MoCA子域时，我们发现睡眠棘波的数量和振幅与注意力能力之间存在一致的关系：结论：睡眠棘波的数量减少和振幅增加与帕金森病患者的认知障碍有关，尤其是在注意力能力方面。因此，睡眠棘波的特征可作为认知功能退化的预后指标。

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引用次数: 0

Phytol exerts sedative-like effects and modulates the diazepam and flumazenil’s action, possibly through the GABAA receptor interaction pathway 植物醇具有类似镇静剂的作用，可调节地西泮和氟马西尼的作用，可能是通过 GABAA 受体相互作用途径。

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience Letters

Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.138007

Md. Torequl Islam , Jannatul Ferdous , Md. Sakib Al Hasan , Abu Hashem , Mehedi Hasan Bappi , Siddique Akber Ansari , Md. Amirul Islam , Md. Saifuzzaman

This study aimed at the evaluation of the sedative effect of phytol (PHY) with possible molecular mechanisms through in vivo and in silico studies. For this, adult male mice were randomly divided into six individual groups, namely control (vehicle), two standards (DZP: diazepam at 2 m/kg, FLU: flumazenil at 0.1 mg/kg), three test groups (PHY at 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg), and three combined groups with the DZP-2 and/or FLU-0.1 with PHY-75 mg/kg. After thirty minutes, each animal was treated with thiopental sodium (TS) at 40 mg/kg to produce sedation and observed for latency and duration of sleep up to 4 h. In silico studies were performed with the 6X3X protein of the GABA_A receptor α1 and β2 subunits. The results demonstrate that PHY dose-dependently enhanced sleep duration in animals. However, it produced an insignificant sleep duration compared to the control and standard groups. It also significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the latency and increased the duration of sleep with DZP-2, while reducing these parameters with FLU-0.1. In in silico studies, DZP and FLU exhibited binding affinities with 6X3X by −6.8 and −6.9 kcal/mol, respectively, while PHY exhibited −6.9 kcal/mol. Taken together, PHY may exert a sedative-like effect in TS-induced sleeping mice and modulate the effects of DZP and FLU, possibly through interacting with the 6X3X protein of the GABA_A receptor. PHY may be one of the good candidates for the management of sleep disturbances, such as insomnia.

本研究旨在通过体内和硅学研究评估植物醇（PHY）的镇静作用和可能的分子机制。为此，将成年雄性小鼠随机分为六个独立的组，即对照组（载体）、两个标准组（DZP：地西泮，2 毫克/千克；FLU：氟马西尼，0.1 毫克/千克）、三个试验组（PHY，25、50 和 75 毫克/千克）以及三个 DZP-2 和/或 FLU-0.1 与 PHY-75 毫克/千克的混合组。30 分钟后，对每只动物注射 40 毫克/千克的硫喷妥钠（TS）以产生镇静作用，并观察其睡眠潜伏期和持续时间长达 4 小时。对 GABAA 受体 α1 和 β2 亚基的 6X3X 蛋白进行了硅学研究。研究结果表明，PHY 可剂量依赖性地延长动物的睡眠时间。然而，与对照组和标准组相比，它产生的睡眠时间并不显著。此外，PHY 还能明显（p A 受体）延长动物的睡眠时间。PHY 可能是治疗失眠等睡眠障碍的良好候选药物之一。

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