NeuroImage最新文献_第9页

Excess iron in deep gray matter is associated with cognitive and functional decline: The mediating role of white matter myelin 深灰质中过量的铁与功能衰退有关：白质髓磷脂的中介作用。

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING

NeuroImage

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121730

Jonghyun Bae , Angelique De Rouen , Zhaoyuan Gong , Nathan Zhang , Noam Y. Fox , Murat Bilgel , Christopher M. Bergeron , Luigi Ferrucci , Mustapha Bouhrara

BACKGROUND

Cerebral iron accumulation is a hallmark of aging and age-related neurodegenerative conditions. This study explored whether higher iron levels in deep gray matter (DGM) structures contribute to motor and cognitive decline and whether this association is mediated by demyelination in white matter (WM) tracts connecting the DGM to the cortex.

METHOD

We used quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) to quantify brain iron and multi-component relaxometry to estimate myelin content in 86 cognitively unimpaired adults (ages 22–94) who underwent longitudinal assessments of cognitive and motor function. We analyzed age-related differences in DGM iron levels, examined their association with cognitive and functional decline, and conducted mediation analyses to evaluate the role of WM myelination.

RESULTS

Higher iron levels in the putamen and caudate nucleus were significantly correlated with older age. Higher putamen iron level was negatively associated with usual and rapid gait speed. In longitudinal analyses, higher iron levels in DGM were associated with a steeper decline in verbal fluency, processing speed, and motor function. Myelin content revealed a significant indirect mediated effect on the relationship between high iron content and motor function in the superior corona radiata, a WM tract connecting the putamen to the cortex.

CONCLUSION

These findings suggest that excessive iron is linked to cognitive and functional decline in aging, with motor deterioration specifically mediated by demyelination of white matter pathways connecting the deep gray matter to the cortex. Together, iron and myelin metrics may serve as early biomarkers of age-related clinical decline and represent promising therapeutic targets for preserving motor function in older adults.

背景：脑铁积累是衰老和与年龄相关的神经退行性疾病的标志。本研究探讨了深部灰质（DGM）结构中的高铁水平是否会导致运动和认知能力下降，以及这种关联是否由连接DGM和皮层的白质束脱髓鞘介导。方法：我们使用定量易感性制图（QSM）来量化脑铁和多组分松弛法来估计86名认知功能未受损的成年人（22-94岁）的髓磷脂含量，他们接受了认知和运动功能的纵向评估。我们分析了DGM铁水平的年龄相关差异，研究了它们与功能衰退的关系，并进行了中介分析来评估WM髓鞘形成的作用。结果：壳核和尾状核铁水平与年龄显著相关。较高的壳核铁与正常和快速的步态速度负相关。在纵向分析中，DGM中较高的铁含量与语言流畅性、处理速度和运动功能的急剧下降有关。髓磷脂含量在高铁含量与上辐射冠（连接壳核和皮层的WM束）运动功能之间的关系中显示了显著的间接介导作用。结论：这些发现表明，过量的铁与衰老的功能下降有关，特别是由连接深灰质和皮层的白质通路脱髓鞘介导的运动退化。总之，铁和髓磷脂指标可以作为与年龄相关的运动衰退的早期生物标志物，代表了保留老年人运动功能的有希望的治疗靶点。

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引用次数: 0

Atypical mechanisms of visual statistical learning in children with developmental language disorder: An fMRI study 发展性语言障碍儿童视觉统计学习的非典型机制：一项功能磁共振研究。

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING

NeuroImage

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121725

Martyna Bryłka , Jakub Wojciechowski , Tomasz Wolak , Hanna B. Cygan

Symptoms of developmental language disorder (DLD) may in part result from an underlying deficit in statistical learning (SL). This learning deficit may be related to the ability to extract probabilistic properties of events in the environment, which is linked to the functions of cortical and subcortical brain regions underlying SL. Using a behavioral SL task and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we tested sequential SL ability in the visual domain and its neural correlates in children with DLD and their typically developing (TD) peers. During fMRI, children performed SL tasks involving sequences of two types of stimuli: difficult-to-name (DN) and easy-to-name (EN) objects. The children underwent a pre-training fMRI, one week of behavioral training and a post-training fMRI. Similar task performance was observed in both groups during the experimental sessions, with an improvement in performance following training in the SL tasks involving both DN and EN objects. FMRI results revealed that for DN objects, after training, the DLD group presented greater involvement of the parietal and precuneus regions in the SL task performance. In turn, for EN objects, after training, the DLD group presented greater involvement of the frontal cortex and temporal pole. Furthermore, in the TD group, the left putamen, globus pallidus and thalamus were involved in the early stages of sequential SL with EN stimuli, whereas in the DLD group, these areas were involved in SL after training. Our results suggest that children with DLD depending on stimulus characteristics may employ different cognitive processes in SL than TD children, possibly as a supportive effort or a compensatory mechanism.

发展性语言障碍（DLD）的症状可能部分源于统计学习（SL）的潜在缺陷。这种学习缺陷可能与提取环境中事件的概率特性的能力有关，而这种能力与SL背后的皮层和皮层下脑区域的功能有关。利用行为SL任务和功能磁共振成像（fMRI），我们测试了DLD儿童及其典型发育（TD）同龄人在视觉领域的顺序SL能力及其神经相关性。在fMRI期间，儿童执行涉及两种刺激序列的SL任务：难以命名（DN）和易命名（EN）的物体。孩子们接受了训练前的功能磁共振成像，一周的行为训练和训练后的功能磁共振成像。在实验期间，两组的任务表现相似，在涉及DN和EN对象的SL任务训练后，表现有所改善。FMRI结果显示，对于DN对象，训练后，DLD组在SL任务表现中表现出更大的顶叶和楔前叶区域参与。反过来，对于EN对象，训练后，DLD组表现出更大的额叶皮层和颞极的参与。此外，在TD组中，左壳核、苍白球和丘脑参与了EN刺激下的顺序语用的早期阶段，而在DLD组中，这些区域参与了训练后的语用。我们的研究结果表明，根据刺激特征，DLD儿童在SL中使用的认知过程可能与TD儿童不同，这可能是一种支持性努力或代偿机制。

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引用次数: 0

Four-dimensional neural space for moral inference 用于道德推理的四维神经空间。

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING

NeuroImage

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121724

Jinglu Chen , Severi Santavirta , Vesa Putkinen , Paulo Sérgio Boggio , Lauri Nummenmaa

Intuitive moral inference enables us to evaluate moral situations and judge their rightness or wrongness. Although Moral Foundations Theory provides a framework for understanding moral inference, its underlying neural basis remains unclear. To capture spontaneous neural activity during moral inference, participants were instructed to watch a film rich in moral content without making explicit judgments while undergoing fMRI scanning. Independent participants evaluated the moment-to-moment presence of twenty moral dimensions in the film. Correlation and consensus cluster analyses revealed four independent main moral dimensions: virtue, vice, hierarchy, and rebellion. While each dimension exhibited unique neural activation patterns, the temporoparietal junction and inferior parietal lobe were activated across all types of moral inference. These findings establish the low-dimensional nature for the neural basis of intuitive moral inference in everyday settings.

直观的道德推理使我们能够评估道德状况并判断其对或错。尽管道德基础理论为理解道德推理提供了一个框架，但其潜在的神经基础尚不清楚。为了捕捉道德推理过程中的自发神经活动，研究人员要求参与者在不做明确判断的情况下观看一部富含道德内容的电影，同时接受功能磁共振成像扫描。独立参与者评估了电影中20个道德维度的即时存在。相关和共识聚类分析揭示了四个独立的主要道德维度：美德、恶习、等级和反叛。虽然每个维度都表现出独特的神经激活模式，但在所有类型的道德推理中，颞顶叶交界处和下顶叶都被激活。这些发现为日常环境中直观道德推理的神经基础建立了低维性质。

引用次数: 0

Brain activity inhibition during Short Video Viewing: neurochemical insights 观看短视频时大脑活动的抑制：神经化学的见解。

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING

NeuroImage

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121722

Tiantian Hong , Conghui Su , Hui Zhou , Fengji Geng , Yuzheng Hu

Cognitive control enables individuals to adapt to the ever-changing environmental demands. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) are key regions of the cognitive control network, activated during cognitively demanding tasks. In contrast, the entertaining and habitual nature of short-video consumption for leisure shifts neural processing toward emotional engagement and immediate gratification, contributing to excessive use and diminished self-control in some individuals. This raises a critical question: Does short-video viewing suppress cognitive control regions, and what neurochemical factors may underlie individual differences in this process? To address this question, this preregistered study used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) to measure glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations in the dACC at rest, and employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine dACC and dlPFC activity during free viewing of short videos in 56 young adults. We found that both the dACC and the dlPFC exhibited significant deactivation in response to preferred videos that were watched to completion, compared to less-preferred videos that were terminated early. Moreover, resting-state glutamate levels in the dACC were associated with the magnitude of this deactivation, with higher glutamate concentrations associated with less suppression of both dACC and dlPFC activity. Additionally, functional connectivity between the dACC and dlPFC increased during video viewing, particularly for preferred videos. By integrating fMRI with ¹H-MRS, our study provides novel evidence that immersive viewing of preferred short videos deactivates the cognitive control network and that individual differences in this deactivation are linked to glutamate metabolism. These findings enhance our understanding of how digital media consumption interacts with neurochemical processes to influence self-regulation. Our study offers new insights into the neural mechanisms underlying short-video engagement and has implications for understanding excessive digital media use.

认知控制使个体能够适应不断变化的环境需求。背侧前扣带皮层（dACC）和背外侧前额叶皮层（dlPFC）是认知控制网络的关键区域，在认知要求高的任务中被激活。相反，休闲短视频消费的娱乐性和习惯性将神经处理转向情感参与和即时满足，导致一些人过度使用短视频并降低自我控制能力。这就提出了一个关键的问题：观看短视频是否会抑制认知控制区域，哪些神经化学因素可能导致这一过程中的个体差异？为了解决这个问题，本预先注册的研究使用质子磁共振波谱（1H-MRS）测量休息时dACC中的谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）浓度，并使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）检测56名年轻人在自由观看短视频时dACC和dlPFC的活性。我们发现，与较不喜欢的、提前结束的视频相比，观看完喜欢的视频后，dACC和dlPFC都表现出明显的失活。此外，静息状态下dACC中的谷氨酸水平与这种失活的程度有关，谷氨酸浓度越高，dACC和dlPFC活性的抑制越少。此外，在观看视频时，dACC和dlPFC之间的功能连通性增加，尤其是在观看首选视频时。通过将功能磁共振成像与1H-MRS相结合，我们的研究提供了新的证据，证明沉浸式观看首选短视频会使认知控制网络失活，这种失活的个体差异与谷氨酸代谢有关。这些发现增强了我们对数字媒体消费如何与神经化学过程相互作用以影响自我调节的理解。我们的研究为短视频参与的神经机制提供了新的见解，并对理解过度使用数字媒体具有启示意义。

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引用次数: 0

Cortical encoding of acoustic and linguistic rhythms reflects L2 narrative comprehension 听觉和语言节奏的皮层编码反映了二语的叙事理解。

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING

NeuroImage

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121716

Jiaying Zhang , Junying Liang , Yiguang Liu , Cheng Luo

Speech comprehension is a multistage process involving both acoustic encoding and linguistic processing. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that low-frequency cortical activity can track perceived linguistic units (e.g., words) on top of basic acoustic features (e.g., speech envelope). However, it remains unclear how the neural tracking of acoustic and linguistic information relates to second language (L2) speech comprehension in narrative contexts. Here, we investigate neural tracking of narrative speech for L2 listeners using electroencephalography (EEG). Notably, we introduce amplitude modulation (AM) cues aligned with word rhythm onto the basic envelope of speech and employ a frequency-tagging paradigm to measure neural responses to word and AM rhythm separately. When narrative speech was presented to L2 listeners during a speech comprehension task, reliable neural tracking of word and AM rhythm was observed in low-frequency cortical activity. While the introduction of AM cues enhances both comprehension performance and word-tracking responses, listeners with high versus low comprehension performance exhibit differences in their word-tracking responses rather than AM-tracking responses. Furthermore, the power and phase associated with word-tracking responses jointly reflect individual comprehension performance of L2 listeners. Our results indicate that bottom-up acoustic cues and top-down linguistic knowledge predominantly modulate the low-frequency neural tracking of linguistic units, which contributes to speech comprehension in a nonnative language.

语音理解是一个包括声音编码和语言处理的多阶段过程。越来越多的证据表明，低频皮层活动可以在基本声学特征（如语音包络）之上跟踪感知到的语言单位（如单词）。然而，在叙事语境中，声学和语言信息的神经跟踪与第二语言理解的关系尚不清楚。在这里，我们使用脑电图（EEG）来研究二语听者叙事性言语的神经跟踪。值得注意的是，我们将与单词节奏一致的调幅（AM）线索引入到语音的基本包络中，并采用频率标记范式分别测量对单词和AM节奏的神经反应。当在言语理解任务中向二语听者呈现叙事性言语时，在低频皮层活动中观察到对单词和AM节奏的可靠神经跟踪。虽然调幅提示的引入提高了理解能力和单词跟踪反应，但高理解能力和低理解能力的听者在单词跟踪反应上表现出差异，而不是调幅跟踪反应。此外，单词追踪反应的功率和相位共同反映了二语听者的个人理解表现。我们的研究结果表明，自下而上的声音线索和自上而下的语言知识主要调节语言单元的低频神经跟踪，这有助于非母语语言的语音理解。

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引用次数: 0

The neural correlates of pedagogy: An fNIRS hyperscanning study of constructivist and instructivist approaches in teacher-child dyads 教育学的神经关联：建构主义和教学主义在教师-儿童组合中的超扫描研究。

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING

NeuroImage

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121719

Hui Li , John Chi-Kin Lee , Dandan Wu , Keya Ding

A foundational debate in education contrasts constructivist and instructivist pedagogies, yet their neurocognitive underpinnings remain largely unknown. This study provides a pioneering direct neural comparison of these pedagogical paradigms. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning, we simultaneously recorded prefrontal cortex activity from 54 teacher-child dyads (children aged 4–7 years) during a collaborative LEGO-building task in a Chinese context. Dyads were randomly assigned to either a constructivist (facilitator-led) or an instructivist (expert-led) approach. We analyzed intra-brain (within-person) and inter-brain (between-person) synchrony using wavelet transform coherence.

Results revealed distinct neural signatures for each approach. Both teachers and children exhibited unique patterns of intra-brain connectivity reflecting the different cognitive demands of each role. Critically, dyads in the constructivist approach displayed significantly higher inter-brain synchrony in right prefrontal regions (implicated in social cognition and mentalizing) compared to dyads in the instructivist condition. These findings suggest that constructivism fosters a neurally coupled, collaborative state between teacher and child, potentially reflecting a shared cognitive space. In contrast, instructivist teaching appears to impose a higher, more independent cognitive load on the teacher with less dyadic neural alignment. This work provides the first neurobiological evidence differentiating these cornerstone teaching frameworks and offers a new avenue for a neurally-informed science of learning.

在教育的基础辩论对比建构主义和教学主义教学法，但他们的神经认知基础仍然很大程度上未知。这项研究为这些教学范式提供了一种开创性的直接神经比较。使用功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）超扫描，我们同时记录了54对教师-儿童（4-7岁的儿童）在中国背景下合作构建乐高积木任务中的前额叶皮层活动。二人组被随机分配到建构主义组（引导者引导）和指导主义组（专家引导）。我们利用小波变换相干性分析了脑内（人内）和脑间（人之间）的同步。结果显示每种方法的神经特征不同。教师和儿童都表现出独特的脑内连接模式，反映了每个角色的不同认知需求。重要的是，与教学主义组相比，建构主义组的双组在右前额叶区域（涉及社会认知和心理化）表现出显著更高的脑间同步。这些发现表明，建构主义在教师和儿童之间培养了一种神经耦合的合作状态，潜在地反映了一个共享的认知空间。相比之下，指导性教学似乎对教师施加了更高、更独立的认知负荷，而双进神经排列较少。这项工作提供了区分这些基础教学框架的第一个神经生物学证据，并为神经信息学习科学提供了新的途径。

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引用次数: 0

CT-free attenuation and scatter correction of [11C]CFT brain PET using a Bi-directional matching network 双向匹配网络对[11C]CFT脑PET的无ct衰减与散射校正

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING

NeuroImage

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121721

Wenxiang Ding , Xiaolin Sun , Qiaoqiao Ding , Xiaoyue Tan , Qing Zhang , Shanzhen He , Peiyong Li , Qiu Huang , Xiaoqun Zhang , Lei Jiang

Quantitative PET imaging requires accurate attenuation and scatter correction (ASC), but the standard CT-based method introduces additional radiation exposure—a significant concern for neurological studies involving repeated scans. Here we applied and extended a CT-free deep learning framework for [¹¹C]CFT brain PET that achieves diagnostic-comparable dopamine transporter (DAT) quantification while avoiding CT-associated radiation. A Bi-directional Discrete Process Matching (Bi-DPM) network was adapted to establish reversible transformations between non-corrected (NASC-PET) and fully corrected (ASC-PET) images through discrete consistency constraints, eliminating the need for pseudo-CT generation or anatomical priors. Evaluated on 90 Parkinsonian syndrome patients, Bi-DPM demonstrated superior performance to Cycle-Consistent Generative Adversarial Networks (CycleGAN), Pix2Pix, and Rectified Flow (RF) across quantitative metrics (lower MAE, higher PSNR/SSIM). For standardized uptake value mean (SUVmean) measurements, Bi-DPM showed excellent agreement with CT-ASC reference (CCC > 0.98, PCC > 0.98). Voxel-wise analysis of DAT-positive/-negative (DAT+/DAT−) groups confirmed Bi-DPM's clinical validity, with statistical significance maps closely aligned to CT-ASC (Dice = 0.953 vs. 0.938 for RF, 0.948 for Pix2Pix and 0.618 for CycleGAN). This approach reduces unnecessary radiation exposure by omitting CT scans while maintaining PET quantification accuracy.

定量PET成像需要精确的衰减和散射校正（ASC），但标准的基于ct的方法引入了额外的辐射暴露，这是涉及重复扫描的神经学研究的一个重要问题。在这里，我们应用并扩展了一种无需ct的深度学习框架，用于[11C]CFT脑PET，该框架在避免ct相关辐射的同时实现了诊断可比的多巴胺转运体（DAT）量化。采用双向离散过程匹配（Bi-DPM）网络，通过离散一致性约束在未校正（NASC-PET）和完全校正（ASC-PET）图像之间建立可逆转换，从而消除了伪ct生成或解剖先验的需要。在90名帕金森综合征患者的评估中，Bi-DPM在定量指标（更低的MAE，更高的PSNR/SSIM）上表现出优于循环一致生成对抗网络（CycleGAN）、Pix2Pix和纠偏流（RF）。对于标准化摄取值平均值（SUVmean）测量，Bi-DPM与CT-ASC参考值非常吻合（CCC > 0.98, PCC > 0.98）。DAT阳性/阴性（DAT+/DAT−）组的体素分析证实了Bi-DPM的临床有效性，其统计显著性图与CT-ASC密切相关（RF = 0.953， Pix2Pix为0.948，CycleGAN为0.618）。这种方法通过省略CT扫描减少不必要的辐射暴露，同时保持PET量化的准确性。

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引用次数: 0

Frontotemporal bursting supports human working memory 额颞叶爆发支持人类工作记忆。

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING

NeuroImage

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121718

Vladimir Omelyusik , Tyler S. Davis , Satish S. Nair , Behrad Noudoost , Patrick D. Hackett , Elliot H. Smith , Shervin Rahimpour , John D. Rolston , Bornali Kundu

Cortical neural activity varies dynamically during memory periods, when relevant information is not present in the environment. But how those dynamics are related to a code defining working memory (WM) performance is not known. Recent data shows brief bursts of activity in the high gamma (70-140 Hz) and beta (12-30 Hz) band within non-human primate lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) is associated with WM processing. However, WM may be related to activity within a network of frontal executive and posterior sensory areas involved in stimulus perception. Here we tested whether gamma and beta bursting exist in lateral PFC and multisensory lateral temporal areas in humans during visual WM, and whether these areas are coupled via a phase-burst code. We used intracranial macroelectrode recordings from the middle frontal gyrus (MFG), which includes dorsolateral PFC, and from the middle temporal gyrus (MTG), an area important for visual processing. High gamma bursting increased in human left PFC during encoding and delay periods while beta bursting decreased. Interestingly, beta bursting increased in multisensory areas during encoding and remained high during the delay period, more so on the right. These effects varied with WM performance. Finally, we quantify the degree to which delay-period gamma bursting is locked to beta phase within and between regions of this network using a proposed metric termed ‘phase-burst coupling’ (PBC). We find evidence that delay-period gamma bursting in temporal areas is locked to beta phase in PFC. Our findings suggest that WM may use bursting to support memory maintenance until readout.

当相关信息不存在于环境中时，大脑皮层神经活动在记忆期间是动态变化的。但是这些动态是如何与定义工作记忆（WM）性能的代码相关的还不清楚。最近的数据显示，非人灵长类动物侧前额叶皮层（PFC）的高γ（70-140赫兹）和β（12-30赫兹）波段的短暂活动爆发与WM处理有关。然而，WM可能与参与刺激知觉的额部执行区和后部感觉区网络内的活动有关。在这里，我们测试了在视觉WM期间，人类的侧PFC和多感觉侧颞区是否存在伽马和β爆发，以及这些区域是否通过相位爆发编码耦合。我们使用了来自额叶中回（MFG）的颅内大电极记录，其中包括背外侧PFC，以及颞叶中回（MTG），这是一个对视觉处理很重要的区域。在编码期和延迟期，人类左前额皮质高伽马爆发增加，而β爆发减少。有趣的是，在编码期间，多感觉区域的β爆发增加，并在延迟期间保持高水平，在右侧更为明显。这些影响随WM性能的不同而不同。最后，我们使用一种被称为“相位突发耦合”（PBC）的拟议度量来量化延迟周期伽马爆发在该网络区域内和区域之间被锁定到β相位的程度。我们发现有证据表明，pfc的颞区延迟期伽马爆发被锁定在β阶段。我们的研究结果表明，WM可能使用爆发来支持记忆维持，直到读出。

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引用次数: 0

An intracranial insight into (the timing of) the action observation network 对动作观察网络（时间）的颅内洞察。

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING

NeuroImage

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121714

Maria Del Vecchio , Fausto Caruana , Flavia Maria Zauli , Veronica Pelliccia , Ivana Sartori , Piergiorgio d’Orio , Francesca Talami , Simone Del Sorbo , Davide Albertini , Giacomo Rizzolatti , Pietro Avanzini

The Action Observation Network (AON) is a large-scale brain network that supports the perceptual encoding and recognition of actions performed by others. The identification of the nodes of the human AON has been clarified over the past 30 years thanks to the high spatial resolution of neuroimaging techniques. The temporal dynamics underpinning their activations is in contrast still unsettled, because of methodological constraints. Here we investigate the timing of the AON components by intracranially recording gamma-band oscillations from 23 drug-resistant epileptic patients during the observation, and execution, of naturalistic, complex actions (including reaching, grasping, and object manipulation). Our analysis enabled us to decompose the AON into 10 distinct spatio-temporal clusters, five of which are composed of multiple cortical territories that are synergistically activated. The resulting four-dimensional representation of the AON, examined alongside its counterpart during the execution of the same action, highlights the specific functions fulfilled by each territory, distinguishing regions that process lower-order visual aspects from those that mirror specific aspects of the action. These include two spatio-temporal clusters located in dorsal and ventral fronto-parieto-temporal territories, specifically encoding the reaching phase (dorsal) and the object-contact phase (ventral). A third cluster, confined to the posterior perisylvian region, is associated with object manipulation. Overall, our work brings out the overlooked temporal details of the AON in humans and assesses their relationship with the execution of a real-time full-fledged action, spotlighting the importance of a fourth dimension in investigating the motor system.

动作观察网络（AON）是一个支持感知编码和识别他人行为的大规模大脑网络。在过去的30年里，由于神经成像技术的高空间分辨率，人类AON节点的识别已经得到了澄清。相比之下，由于方法上的限制，支撑它们激活的时间动态仍然不确定。在这里，我们通过记录23例耐药癫痫患者在观察和执行自然的复杂动作（包括伸手、抓握和物体操作）时的颅内伽马波段振荡来研究AON成分的时间。我们的分析使我们能够将AON分解为10个不同的时空簇，其中5个由多个协同激活的皮质区域组成。在执行同一动作时，将AON的四维表示与对应的AON一起检查，突出了每个区域所完成的特定功能，将处理低阶视觉方面的区域与反映动作特定方面的区域区分开来。其中包括位于背侧和腹侧额顶颞区域的两个时空集群，具体编码到达阶段（背侧）和物体接触阶段（腹侧）。第三个集群，局限于后骨盆区，与物体操作有关。总的来说，我们的工作揭示了人类AON被忽视的时间细节，并评估了它们与实时全面行动执行的关系，突出了第四个维度在研究运动系统中的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

BTS-Net: Barlow twins-based superresolution for 7T human brain MRI BTS-Net：基于Barlow双胞胎的7T人脑MRI超分辨率

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING

NeuroImage

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121717

Youho Myong , Dan Yoon , Young Gyun Kim , Yongsik Sim , Jee-Hyun Cho , Youngkyu Song , Minwoo Cho , Byung-Mo Oh , Sungwan Kim

This study aimed to develop and validate a Barlow Twins-based superresolution diffusion network (BTS-Net) for 7T human brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) superresolution (SR). A paired 3T-7T human brain MRI database was constructed from 50 healthy adult participants (26 females; 52.0%; age range: 27–68 years; median age: 38 years), with anonymized scans. To develop BTS-Net, we employed Barlow Twins, a self-supervised learning (SSL) method, in a latent diffusion model (LDM) to enhance feature representation learning for SR from 3T MRI to 7T-like (BTS-7T) MRI. The image quality of the 3T, 7T, LDM-7T, and BTS-7T MRI was evaluated using the peak signal-to-noise ratio, structural similarity index measure, and normalized root mean squared error. The paired t-test was used to evaluate the mean difference between each imaging group. The three-dimensional structural fidelity was evaluated in 14 anatomical regions (the bilateral thalamus, caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, hippocampus, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens) using voxel-based morphometry. An external dataset consisting of 10 healthy participants was used to validate BTS-Net by performing identical SR, image quality, and volumetric analyses. In both the in-house and external validation datasets, BTS-7T MRI exhibited superior image quality across all three metrics compared to 3T MRI. Ground-truth-based error maps showed that BTS-7T images displayed qualitatively improved anatomical fidelity compared to 3T images. There were no statistically significant differences in volumetry between 10 (in-house) and 11 (validation) of the 14 anatomical regions. The right hippocampus, putamen, and amygdala volumes showed significantly higher agreement in BTS-7T images of the in-house dataset; whereas the bilateral putamen, right thalamus and amygdala volumes showed significantly higher agreement in the validation dataset. This study highlights the potential of BTS-Net to enhance both qualitative visualization and quantitative analysis of 3T brain MRI, with possible applicability to early neurodegenerative conditions characterized by subtle morphological changes. Therefore, additional research using larger patient datasets could aid the possible adoption of this technology in clinical settings.

本研究旨在开发和验证基于Barlow twins的7T人脑磁共振成像（MRI）超分辨率扩散网络（BTS-Net）。对50名健康成人（女性26名，占52.0%，年龄27-68岁，中位年龄38岁）进行匿名扫描，构建配对3T-7T人脑MRI数据库。为了开发BTS-Net，我们在潜在扩散模型（LDM）中采用Barlow Twins（一种自监督学习（SSL）方法）来增强SR从3T MRI到7t (BTS-7T) MRI的特征表示学习。采用峰值信噪比、结构相似度指标和归一化均方根误差对3T、7T、LDM-7T和BTS-7T MRI的图像质量进行评价。采用配对t检验评价各成像组间的平均差异。使用基于体素的形态测量技术评估了14个解剖区域（双侧丘脑、尾状核、壳核、苍白球、海马、杏仁核和伏隔核）的三维结构保真度。使用由10名健康参与者组成的外部数据集，通过执行相同的SR、图像质量和体积分析来验证BTS-Net。在内部和外部验证数据集中，与3T MRI相比，BTS-7T MRI在所有三个指标上都表现出优越的图像质量。基于地面真实的误差图显示，与3T图像相比，BTS-7T图像的解剖保真度在质量上有所提高。在14个解剖区域中，10个（内部）和11个（验证）在体积测量上没有统计学上的显著差异。内部数据集的BTS-7T图像显示，右侧海马体、壳核和杏仁核体积的一致性显著提高；而在验证数据集中，双侧壳核、右丘脑和杏仁核的体积显示出更高的一致性。本研究强调了BTS-Net在增强3T脑MRI定性可视化和定量分析方面的潜力，可能适用于以细微形态变化为特征的早期神经退行性疾病。因此，使用更大的患者数据集的额外研究可能有助于在临床环境中采用该技术。

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