NeuroImage最新文献_第7页

Neuro-immune communication at the core of craving-associated brain structural network reconfiguration in methamphetamine users 神经免疫交流是甲基苯丙胺吸食者渴求相关脑结构网络重组的核心。

IF 4.7 2区医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING

NeuroImage

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120883

Yanyao Du , Jiaqi Zhang , Dan Cao , Wenhan Yang , Jin Li , Deying Li , Ming Song , Zhengyi Yang , Jun Zhang , Tianzi Jiang , Jun Liu

Methamphetamine (MA) use disorder is a chronic neurotoxic brain disease characterized by a high risk of relapse driven by intense cravings. However, the neurobiological signatures of cravings remain unclear, limiting the effectiveness of various treatment methods. Diffusion MRI (dMRI) scans from 62 MA users and 57 healthy controls (HC) were used in this study. The MA users were longitudinally followed up during their period of long-term abstinence (duration of long-term abstinence: 347.52±99.25 days). We systematically quantified the control ability of each brain region for craving-associated state transitions using network control theory from a causal perspective. Craving-associated structural alterations (CSA) were investigated through multivariate group comparisons and biological relevance analysis. The neural mechanisms underlying CSA were elucidated using transcriptomic and neurochemical analyses. We observed that long-term abstinence-induced structural alterations significantly influenced the state transition energy involved in the cognitive control response to external information, which correlated with changes in craving scores (r ∼ 0.35, P <0.01). Our causal network analysis further supported the crucial role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in craving mechanisms. Notably, while the PFC is central to the craving, the CSAs were distributed widely across multiple brain regions (P_FDR<0.05), with strong alterations in somatomotor regions (P_FDR<0.05) and moderate alterations in high-level association networks (P_FDR<0.05). Additionally, transcriptomic, chemical compounds, cell-type analyses, and molecular imaging collectively highlight the influence of neuro-immune communication on human craving modulation. Our results offer an integrative, multi-scale perspective on unraveling the neural underpinnings of craving and suggest that neuro-immune signaling may be a promising target for future human addiction therapeutics.

甲基苯丙胺（MA）使用障碍是一种慢性脑神经毒性疾病，其特点是在强烈渴求的驱使下复吸风险很高。然而，渴求的神经生物学特征仍不清楚，限制了各种治疗方法的有效性。本研究采用了 62 名 MA 使用者和 57 名健康对照者（HC）的弥散核磁共振成像（dMRI）扫描结果。我们对甲基苯丙胺使用者的长期戒断期（长期戒断期：347.52±99.25 天）进行了纵向随访。我们从因果关系的角度，利用网络控制理论系统地量化了每个脑区对渴求相关状态转换的控制能力。通过多变量分组比较和生物相关性分析，研究了渴求相关的结构改变（CSA）。通过转录组学和神经化学分析阐明了CSA的神经机制。我们观察到，长期禁欲诱导的结构改变显著影响了对外界信息的认知控制反应所涉及的状态转换能量，这与渴求评分的变化相关（r ∼ 0.35, P FDRFDRFDR

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引用次数: 0

Resting state of human brain measured by fMRI experiment is governed more dominantly by essential mode as a global signal rather than default mode network 通过 fMRI 实验测量的人脑静息状态更主要地受作为全局信号的基本模式而非默认模式网络的支配。

IF 4.7 2区医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING

NeuroImage

Pub Date : 2024-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120884

Kyeongwon Park , Iksoo Chang , Sangyeol Kim

Resting-state of the human brain has been described by a combination of various basis modes including the default mode network (DMN) identified by fMRI BOLD signals in human brains. Whether DMN is the most dominant representation of the resting-state has been under question. Here, we investigated the unexplored yet fundamental nature of the resting-state. In the absence of global signal regression for the analysis of brain-wide spatial activity pattern, the fMRI BOLD spatiotemporal signals during the rest were completely decomposed into time-invariant spatial-expression basis modes (SEBMs) and their time-evolution basis modes (TEBMs). Contrary to our conventional concept above, similarity clustering analysis of the SEBMs from 166 human brains revealed that the most dominant SEBM cluster is an asymmetric mode where the distribution of the sign of the components is skewed in one direction, for which we call essential mode (EM), whereas the second dominant SEBM cluster resembles the spatial pattern of DMN. Having removed the strong 1/f noise in the power spectrum of TEBMs, the genuine oscillatory behavior embedded in TEBMs of EM and DMN-like mode was uncovered around the low-frequency range below 0.2 Hz.

人脑的静息状态是由各种基础模式组合而成的，其中包括由人脑 fMRI BOLD 信号识别出的默认模式网络（DMN）。DMN 是否是静息态最主要的表征一直是个问题。在此，我们研究了静息态尚未被探索的基本性质。在没有全局信号回归分析全脑空间活动模式的情况下，我们将静息时的 fMRI BOLD 时空信号完全分解为时间不变的空间表达基模（SEMM）及其时间演化基模（TEBM）。与我们上述的传统概念相反，对来自 166 个人类大脑的 SEBM 进行相似性聚类分析后发现，最主要的 SEBM 聚类是一种非对称模式，其成分的符号分布向一个方向倾斜，我们称之为基本模式（EM），而第二个主要的 SEBM 聚类则类似于 DMN 的空间模式。在去除 TEBM 功率谱中的强 1/f 噪声后，我们发现了 EM 和 DMN 类模式的 TEBM 在 0.2 Hz 以下的低频范围内的真正振荡行为。

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引用次数: 0

The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex promotes self-control by inhibiting the egocentric perspective 背内侧前额叶皮层通过抑制自我中心视角来促进自我控制。

IF 4.7 2区医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING

NeuroImage

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120879

Chen Jin , Ying Li , Yin Yin , Tenda Ma , Wei Hong , Yan Liu , Nan Li , Xinyue Zhang , Jia-Hong Gao , Xiaochu Zhang , Rujing Zha

The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) plays a crucial role in social cognitive functions, including perspective-taking. Although perspective-taking has been linked to self-control, the mechanism by which the dmPFC might facilitate self-control remains unclear. Using the multimodal neuroimaging dataset from the Human Connectome Project (Study 1, N =978 adults), we established a reliable association between the dmPFC and self-control, as measured by discounting rate—the tendency to prefer smaller, immediate rewards over larger, delayed ones. Experiments (Study 2, N = 36 adults) involving high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation showed that anodal stimulation of the dmPFC reduces the discounting of delayed rewards and decreases the congruency effect in egocentric but not allocentric perspective in the visual perspective-taking tasks. These findings suggest that the dmPFC promotes self-control by inhibiting the egocentric perspective, offering new insights into the neural underpinnings of self-control and perspective-taking, and opening new avenues for interventions targeting disorders characterized by impaired self-regulation.

背内侧前额叶皮层（dmPFC）在社会认知功能中扮演着至关重要的角色，其中包括透视法。尽管透视法与自我控制有关，但dmPFC促进自我控制的机制仍不清楚。利用人类连接组项目的多模态神经成像数据集（研究1，978名成人），我们在dmPFC和自我控制之间建立了可靠的联系。高清晰度经颅直流电刺激实验（研究2，N = 36名成人）显示，对dmPFC进行阳极刺激可降低延迟奖励的折扣率，并在视觉透视任务中降低自我中心视角的一致性效应，而非分配中心视角的一致性效应。这些研究结果表明，dmPFC通过抑制以自我为中心的视角来促进自我控制，从而为自我控制和视角选择的神经基础提供了新的见解，并为针对自我调节能力受损的疾病进行干预开辟了新的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Strength of activation and temporal dynamics of bioluminescent-optogenetics in response to systemic injections of the luciferin 全身注射荧光素后生物发光-光遗传学的激活强度和时间动态。

IF 4.7 2区医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING

NeuroImage

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120882

Emily F. Murphy , Aniya Means , Chen Li , Hector Baez , Manuel Gomez-Ramirez

BioLuminescent OptoGenetics (“BL-OG”) is a chemogenetic method that can evoke optogenetic reactions in the brain non-invasively. In BL-OG, an enzyme that catalyzes a light producing reaction (i.e., a luciferase) is tethered to an optogenetic element that is activated in response to bioluminescent light. Bioluminescence is generated by injecting a chemical substrate (luciferin, e.g., h-Coelenterazine; h-CTZ) that is catalyzed by the luciferase. By directly injecting the luciferin into the brain, we show that bioluminescent light is proportional to spiking activity, and this relationship scales as a function of luciferin dosage. Here, we build on these previous observations by characterizing the temporal dynamics and dose response curves of bioluminescence generated by luminopsins (LMOs), a proxy of BL-OG effects, to intravenous (IV) injections of the luciferin. We imaged bioluminescence through a thinned skull of mice running on a wheel, while delivering h-CTZ via the tail vein with different dosage concentrations and injection rates. The data reveal a systematic relationship between strength of bioluminescence and h-CTZ dosage, with higher concentration generating stronger bioluminescence. We also found that bioluminescent activity occurs rapidly (< 60 s after IV injection) regardless of concentration dosage. However, as expected, the onset time of bioluminescence is delayed as the injection rate decreases. Notably, the strength and time decay of bioluminescence is invariant to the injection rate of h-CTZ. Taken together, these data show that BL-OG effects are highly consistent across injection parameters of h-CTZ, highlighting the reliability of BL-OG as a minimally invasive neuromodulation method.

生物发光光遗传学（BioLuminescent OptoGenetics，简称 "BL-OG"）是一种化学遗传学方法，可以非侵入性地唤起大脑中的光遗传反应。在 BL-OG 中，催化产光反应的酶（即荧光素酶）与光遗传元件相连，光遗传元件在生物发光时被激活。生物发光是通过注入由荧光素酶催化的化学底物（荧光素，如 h-腔肠素；h-CTZ）产生的。通过将荧光素直接注入大脑，我们发现生物发光与尖峰活动成正比，并且这种关系随着荧光素剂量的增加而变化。在此，我们在之前观察到的基础上，对静脉注射荧光素后发光素（LMOs）产生的生物发光的时间动态和剂量反应曲线进行了表征，发光素是BL-OG效应的代表。我们以不同的剂量浓度和注射速度通过尾静脉注射 h-CTZ，同时通过小鼠在轮子上奔跑的薄头骨对生物发光进行成像。数据显示，生物发光的强度与 h-CTZ 剂量之间存在系统关系，浓度越高，生物发光越强。我们还发现，无论浓度剂量如何，生物发光活动都会迅速发生（静脉注射后小于 60 秒）。然而，正如预期的那样，随着注射速度的降低，生物发光的开始时间也会推迟。值得注意的是，生物发光的强度和时间衰减与 h-CTZ 的注射速度无关。总之，这些数据表明，BL-OG 的效果在不同的 h-CTZ 注射参数下高度一致，突出了 BL-OG 作为一种微创神经调控方法的可靠性。

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引用次数: 0

Development of white matter in young adulthood: The speed of brain aging and its relationship with changes in fractional anisotropy 青年期白质的发育：大脑老化的速度及其与分数各向异性变化的关系。

IF 4.7 2区医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING

NeuroImage

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120881

Martin Jáni , Radek Mareček , Klara Mareckova

White matter (WM) development has been studied extensively, but most studies used cross-sectional data, and to the best of our knowledge, none of them considered the possible effects of biological (vs. chronological) age. Therefore, we conducted a longitudinal multimodal study of WM development and studied changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) in the different WM tracts and their relationship with cortical thickness-based measures of brain aging in young adulthood. A total of 105 participants from the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC) prenatal birth cohort underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the age of 23-24, and the age of 28-30 years. At both time points, FA in the different WM tracts was extracted using the JHU atlas, and brain age gap estimate (BrainAGE) was calculated using the Neuroanatomical Age Prediction using R (NAPR) model based on cortical thickness maps. Changes in FA and the speed of cortical brain aging were calculated as the difference between the respective variables in the late vs. early 20s. We demonstrated tract-specific increases as well as decreases in FA, which indicate that the WM microstructure continues to develop in the third decade of life. Moreover, the significant interaction between the speed of cortical brain aging, tract, and sex on mean FA revealed that a greater speed of cortical brain aging in young adulthood predicted greater decreases in FA in the bilateral cingulum and left superior longitudinal fasciculus in young adult men. Overall, these changes in FA in the WM tracts in young adulthood point out the protracted development of WM microstructure, particularly in men.

人们对白质（WM）的发育进行了广泛的研究，但大多数研究使用的都是横断面数据，而且据我们所知，没有一项研究考虑了生物年龄（相对于计时年龄）可能产生的影响。因此，我们对WM的发育进行了一项纵向多模态研究，并研究了不同WM束中分数各向异性（FA）的变化及其与基于皮层厚度的青年期大脑老化测量的关系。来自欧洲妊娠与儿童期纵向研究（ELSPAC）产前出生队列的 105 名参与者分别在 23-24 岁和 28-30 岁时接受了磁共振成像（MRI）检查。在这两个时间点，使用 JHU 地图集提取了不同 WM 道的 FA 值，并使用基于皮层厚度图的神经解剖年龄预测 R（NAPR）模型计算了脑年龄差距估计值（BrainAGE）。FA的变化和大脑皮层老化的速度被计算为20多岁晚期与20多岁早期各自变量之间的差异。我们证明了FA的特异性增加和减少，这表明WM的微观结构在生命的第三个十年仍在继续发展。此外，大脑皮质老化速度、脑束和性别对平均 FA 的显着交互作用显示，年轻成年时大脑皮质老化速度越快，预示着年轻成年男性双侧脑室和左上纵束的 FA 下降幅度越大。总之，年轻成年时 WM 束 FA 的这些变化表明，WM 微观结构的发展是漫长的，尤其是在男性中。

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引用次数: 0

Analgesic effect of dance movement therapy: An fNIRS study 舞蹈动作疗法的镇痛效果：一项 fNIRS 研究。

IF 4.7 2区医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING

NeuroImage

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120880

Cheng-Cheng Wu , Jin Yang , Xue-Qiang Wang

Objective

This study aims to explores the physiological and psychological mechanisms of exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) by combining the behavioral results with neuroimaging data on changes oxy-hemoglobin (HbO) in prefrontal cortex (PFC).

Methods

A total of 97 healthy participants were recruited and randomly divided into three groups: a single dance movement therapy (DMT) group, a double DMT group, and control group. Evaluation indicators included the pressure pain threshold (PPT) test, the color-word stroop task (CWST) for wearing functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and the self-assessment manikin (SAM). The testing time is before intervention, after intervention, and one hour of sit rest after intervention.

Results

1) Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that, there is a time * group effect on the PPT values of the three groups of participants at three time points. After 30 min of acute dance intervention, an increase in the PPT values of 10 test points occurred in the entire body of the participants in the experimental group with a significant difference than the control group. 2) In terms of fNIRS signals, bilateral DLPFC and left VLPFC channels were significantly activated in the experimental group. 3) DMT significantly awakened participants and brought about pleasant emotions, but cognitive improvement was insignificant. 4) Mediation effect analysis found that the change in HbO concentration in DLPFC may be a mediator in predicting the degree of improvement in pressure pain threshold through dance intervention (total effect β = 0.7140).

Conclusion

In healthy adults, DMT can produce a diffuse EIH effect on improving pressure pain threshold, emotional experience but only showing an improvement trend in cognitive performance. Dance intervention significantly activates the left ventrolateral and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. This study explores the central nervous system mechanism of EIH from a physiological and psychological perspective.

研究目的本研究旨在通过将行为学结果与前额叶皮质氧血红蛋白（HbO）变化的神经影像学数据相结合，探讨运动诱导低痛感（EIH）的生理和心理机制：方法：共招募了 97 名健康参与者，并将其随机分为三组：单人舞蹈动作疗法（DMT）组、双人舞蹈动作疗法组和对照组。评价指标包括压痛阈值（PPT）测试、佩戴功能性近红外光谱仪（fNIRS）的彩色文字笔划任务（CWST）和自我评估人体模型（SAM）。测试时间为干预前、干预后和干预后静坐休息一小时：1）重复测量方差分析显示，三组参与者在三个时间点的 PPT 值存在时间 * 组别效应。经过 30 分钟的急性舞蹈干预后，实验组参与者全身的 PPT 值增加了 10 个测试点，与对照组相比差异显著。2) 在 fNIRS 信号方面，实验组的双侧 DLPFC 和左侧 VLPFC 通道被显著激活。3) DMT 能明显唤醒参与者并带来愉悦的情绪，但认知能力的改善并不明显。4）中介效应分析发现，DLPFC 中 HbO 浓度的变化可能是预测舞蹈干预对压痛阈值改善程度的中介因素（总效应 β = 0.7140）：结论：在健康成年人中，DMT可产生弥漫性EIH效应，改善压痛阈值和情绪体验，但仅表现出认知能力的改善趋势。舞蹈干预能明显激活左侧腹外侧和双侧背外侧前额叶皮层。本研究从生理学和心理学角度探讨了 EIH 的中枢神经系统机制。

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引用次数: 0

Oscillatory activity in bilateral prefrontal cortices is altered by distractor strength during working memory processing 工作记忆处理过程中，双侧前额叶皮层的振荡活动会因分心物的强度而改变。

IF 4.7 2区医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING

NeuroImage

Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120878

Megan C. Hall , Maggie P. Rempe , Ryan J. Glesinger , Lucy K. Horne , Hannah J. Okelberry , Jason A. John , Christine M. Embury , Elizabeth Heinrichs-Graham , Tony W. Wilson

Working memory (WM) enables the temporary storage of limited information and is a central component of higher order cognitive function. Irrelevant and/or distracting information can have a negative impact on WM processing and suppressing such incoming stimuli is critical to maintaining adequate performance. However, the neural mechanisms and dynamics underlying such distractor inhibition remain poorly understood. In the current study, we enrolled 46 healthy adults (M_age: 27.92, N_female: 28) who completed a Sternberg type WM task with high- and low-distractor conditions during magnetoencephalography (MEG). MEG data were transformed into the time-frequency domain and significant task-related oscillatory responses were imaged to identify the underlying anatomical areas. Whole-brain paired t-tests, with cluster-based permutation testing for multiple comparisons correction, were performed to assess differences between the low- and high-distractor conditions for each oscillatory response. Across conditions, we found strong alpha and beta oscillations (i.e., decreases relative to baseline) and increases in theta power throughout the encoding and maintenance periods. Whole-brain contrasts revealed significantly stronger alpha and beta oscillations in bilateral prefrontal regions during maintenance in high- compared to low-distractor trials, with the stronger beta oscillations being centered on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right inferior frontal gyrus, while those for alpha being within the right anterior prefrontal cortices and the right middle frontal gyrus. These findings suggest that alpha and beta oscillations in the bilateral prefrontal cortices play a major role in the inhibition of distracting information during WM maintenance. Our results also contribute to prior research on cognitive control and functional inhibition, in which prefrontal regions have been widely implicated.

工作记忆（WM）能够临时存储有限的信息，是高阶认知功能的核心组成部分。无关和/或分散注意力的信息会对工作记忆的处理产生负面影响，而抑制这类刺激对保持适当的工作表现至关重要。然而，人们对这种分心抑制的神经机制和动态变化仍然知之甚少。在当前的研究中，我们招募了 46 名健康成年人（年龄：27.92 岁，女性：28 岁），他们在脑磁图（MEG）中完成了一项斯腾伯格类型的 WM 任务，其中包括高分心和低分心条件。将脑磁图数据转换到时频域，并对与任务相关的重要振荡响应进行成像，以确定潜在的解剖区域。通过全脑配对 t 检验和基于聚类的置换检验进行多重比较校正，以评估低和高牵引器条件下每种振荡反应的差异。在所有条件下，我们发现在整个编码和维持期间，α和β振荡都很强（即相对于基线下降），而θ功率则有所增加。全脑对比显示，在高分辨试验中，双侧前额叶区域的α和β振荡明显强于低分辨试验，更强的β振荡集中在左侧背外侧前额叶皮层和右侧额叶下回，而α振荡则集中在右侧前额叶皮层和右侧额叶中回。这些研究结果表明，双侧前额叶皮层中的α和β振荡在WM维持过程中对分心信息的抑制中起着重要作用。我们的研究结果也为之前关于认知控制和功能抑制的研究做出了贡献，前额叶区域在这些研究中被广泛地涉及。

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引用次数: 0

Neural mechanisms underlying placebo and nocebo effects in tonic muscle pain 强直性肌肉疼痛的安慰剂效应和免惊厥效应的神经机制。

IF 4.7 2区医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING

NeuroImage

Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120877

Min Chen , Xiao Wu , Libo Zhang , Fengrui Zhang , Linling Li , Yingying Zhang , Donglin Xiong , Yunhai Qiu , Li Hu , Weibo Xiao

Pain is a highly subjective and multidimensional experience, significantly influenced by various psychological factors. Placebo analgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia exemplify this influence, where inert treatments result in pain relief or exacerbation, respectively. While extensive research has elucidated the psychological and neural mechanisms behind these effects, most studies have focused on transient pain stimuli. To explore these mechanisms in the context of tonic pain, we conducted a study using a 15-minute tonic muscle pain induction procedure, where hypertonic saline was infused into the left masseter of healthy participants. We collected real-time Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data during the induction of placebo analgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia via conditioned learning. Our findings revealed that placebo analgesia was more pronounced and lasted longer than nocebo hyperalgesia. Real-time pain ratings correlated significantly with neural activity in several brain regions. Notably, the putamen was implicated in both effects, while the caudate and other regions were differentially involved in placebo and nocebo effects. These findings confirm that the tonic muscle pain paradigm can be used to investigate the mechanisms of placebo and nocebo effects and indicate that placebo analgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia may have more distinct than common neural bases.

疼痛是一种主观性很强的多维体验，受各种心理因素的影响很大。安慰剂镇痛和惰性超痛感就是这种影响的例证，在这两种情况下，惰性治疗分别会导致疼痛缓解或加剧。虽然大量研究已经阐明了这些效应背后的心理和神经机制，但大多数研究都集中在瞬时疼痛刺激上。为了在强直性疼痛的背景下探索这些机制，我们使用 15 分钟的强直性肌肉疼痛诱导程序进行了一项研究。在通过条件学习诱导安慰剂镇痛和预兆性超痛时，我们收集了实时视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分和功能磁共振成像（fMRI）数据。我们的研究结果表明，安慰剂镇痛比治疗性镇痛更明显，持续时间更长。实时疼痛评分与多个脑区的神经活动有显著相关性。值得注意的是，这两种效应都与普鲁士门有关，而尾状核和其他区域则不同程度地参与了安慰剂效应和安慰剂效应。这些研究结果证实，强直性肌肉疼痛范例可用于研究安慰剂效应和免责效应的机制，并表明安慰剂镇痛和免责镇痛过度可能有更多不同而非共同的神经基础。

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引用次数: 0

Neuro-cognitive effects of degraded visibility on illusory body ownership 能见度降低对幻觉身体所有权的神经认知影响。

IF 4.7 2区医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING

NeuroImage

Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120870

Gustavo S.P. Pamplona , Amedeo Giussani , Lena Salzmann , Philipp Staempfli , Stefan Schneller , Roger Gassert , Silvio Ionta

Based on visuo-tactile stimulation, the rubber hand illusion induces a sense of ownership for a dummy hand. Manipulating the visibility of the dummy hand during the stimulation influences cognitive aspects of the illusion, suggesting that the related brain activity may be influenced too. To test this, we analyzed brain activity (fMRI), subjective ratings, and skin conductance from 45 neurotypical participants undergoing a modified rubber hand illusion protocol where we manipulated the visibility (high, medium, and low) of a virtual hand, not the brush (virtual hand illusion; VHI). To further investigate the impact of visibility manipulations on VHI-related secondary effects (i.e. vicarious somatosensation), we recorded brain activity and skin conductance during a vicarious pain protocol (observation of painful stimulations of the virtual hand) that occurred after the VHI procedure. Results showed that, during both the VHI and vicarious pain periods, the activity of distinct visual, somatosensory, and motor brain regions was modulated by (i) visibility manipulations, (ii) coherence between visual and tactile stimulation, and (iii) time of visuo-tactile stimulation. Accordingly, embodiment-related subjective ratings of the perceived illusion were specifically influenced by visibility manipulations. These findings suggest that visibility modifications can impact the neural and cognitive effects of illusory body ownership, in that when visibility decreases the illusion is perceived as weaker and the brain activity in visual, motor, and somatosensory regions is overall lower. We interpret this evidence as a sign of the weight of vision on embodiment processes, in that the cortical and subjective aspects of illusory body ownership are weakened by a degradation of visual input during the induction of the illusion.

基于视觉触觉刺激，橡皮手幻觉会诱发对假手的拥有感。在刺激过程中操纵假手的可见度会影响幻觉的认知方面，这表明相关的大脑活动也可能受到影响。为了验证这一点，我们分析了 45 名神经畸形参与者的大脑活动（fMRI）、主观评价和皮肤传导，他们接受了改良的橡胶手幻觉方案，我们在该方案中操纵的是虚拟手的可见度（高、中、低），而不是刷子（虚拟手幻觉；VHI）。为了进一步研究可见度操作对 VHI 相关次生效应（即代入躯体感觉）的影响，我们在 VHI 程序之后进行的代入疼痛程序（观察虚拟手的疼痛刺激）中记录了大脑活动和皮肤电导。结果表明，在 VHI 和替代疼痛期间，不同的视觉、躯体感觉和运动脑区的活动受到以下因素的调节：(i) 可见性操作；(ii) 视觉和触觉刺激之间的连贯性；(iii) 视觉-触觉刺激的时间。相应地，与体现相关的对所感知幻觉的主观评价也受到能见度操作的具体影响。这些研究结果表明，能见度的改变会影响幻觉身体所有权的神经和认知效果，因为当能见度降低时，幻觉会被感知为较弱，视觉、运动和躯体感觉区域的大脑活动会整体降低。我们将这一证据解释为视觉在体现过程中的重要性，因为在幻觉诱发过程中，视觉输入的下降会削弱幻觉身体所有权在大脑皮层和主观方面的影响。

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引用次数: 0

MGA-Net: A novel mask-guided attention neural network for precision neonatal brain imaging MGA-Net：用于新生儿脑部精确成像的新型面具引导注意力神经网络。

IF 4.7 2区医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING

NeuroImage

Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120872

Bahram Jafrasteh , Simón Pedro Lubián-López , Emiliano Trimarco , Macarena Román Ruiz , Carmen Rodríguez Barrios , Yolanda Marín Almagro , Isabel Benavente-Fernández

In this study, we introduce MGA-Net, a novel mask-guided attention neural network, which extends the U-net model for precision neonatal brain imaging. MGA-Net is designed to extract the brain from other structures and reconstruct high-quality brain images. The network employs a common encoder and two decoders: one for brain mask extraction and the other for brain region reconstruction. A key feature of MGA-Net is its high-level mask-guided attention module, which leverages features from the brain mask decoder to enhance image reconstruction. To enable the same encoder and decoder to process both MRI and ultrasound (US) images, MGA-Net integrates sinusoidal positional encoding. This encoding assigns distinct positional values to MRI and US images, allowing the model to effectively learn from both modalities. Consequently, features learned from a single modality can aid in learning a modality with less available data, such as US. We extensively validated the proposed MGA-Net on diverse and independent datasets from varied clinical settings and neonatal age groups. The metrics used for assessment included the DICE similarity coefficient, recall, and accuracy for image segmentation; structural similarity for image reconstruction; and root mean squared error for total brain volume estimation from 3D ultrasound images. Our results demonstrate that MGA-Net significantly outperforms traditional methods, offering superior performance in brain extraction and segmentation while achieving high precision in image reconstruction and volumetric analysis. Thus, MGA-Net represents a robust and effective preprocessing tool for MRI and 3D ultrasound images, marking a significant advance in neuroimaging that enhances both research and clinical diagnostics in the neonatal period and beyond.

在本研究中，我们介绍了 MGA-Net，这是一种新型的掩膜引导注意力神经网络，它扩展了 U-net 模型，可用于新生儿脑部精确成像。MGA-Net 设计用于从其他结构中提取大脑并重建高质量的大脑图像。该网络采用一个普通编码器和两个解码器：一个用于大脑掩膜提取，另一个用于大脑区域重建。MGA-Net 的一个主要特点是其高级掩膜引导注意模块，该模块利用脑掩膜解码器的特征来增强图像重建。为了让同一个编码器和解码器同时处理核磁共振成像和超声波（US）图像，MGA-Net 集成了正弦位置编码。这种编码为核磁共振成像和超声波图像分配了不同的位置值，使模型能有效地从两种模式中学习。因此，从单一模式中学习到的特征可以帮助学习可用数据较少的模式，如 US。我们在来自不同临床环境和新生儿年龄组的各种独立数据集上对所提出的 MGA-Net 进行了广泛验证。评估指标包括用于图像分割的 DICE 相似性系数、召回率和准确率；用于图像重建的结构相似性；以及用于从三维超声图像估算总脑容量的均方根误差。我们的研究结果表明，MGA-Net 明显优于传统方法，在大脑提取和分割方面表现出色，同时在图像重建和容积分析方面实现了高精度。因此，MGA-Net 是一种用于核磁共振成像和三维超声波图像的强大而有效的预处理工具，标志着神经成像技术的重大进步，可提高新生儿期及以后的研究和临床诊断水平。

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