NeuroImage最新文献_第7页

Oxygen dependency of cognition: Neural mechanisms of reversible cognitive changes in Tibetan highlanders during altitudinal migration 认知的氧依赖性：青藏高原人在不同环境下可逆认知变化的神经机制

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING

NeuroImage

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121791

Xiaoyan Li , Hao Li , Yaping Zeng , Dacheng Ren , Hailin Ma

The dynamic changes occurring in the brain to adapt to the environment are crucial for human survival. Extensive research has demonstrated that the Tibetan population, indigenous to the plateau, has evolved unique physiological adaptations to hypoxia. However, the neurocognitive basis of these adaptive strategies remains incompletely understood. This study employs a multimodal approach (behavioral testing, event-related potentials, and time-frequency analysis) to systematically examine the effects of long-term high-altitude hypoxic exposure (3680 m) on working memory function in indigenous Tibetans. The aim is to determine whether this impact stems from energy-constrained adaptive functional adjustments or irreversible neurofunctional impairment. Participants included high-altitude native Tibetans, Tibetan migrants residing at plain for 1 and 3 years, and low-altitude Han Chinese controls. Results revealed that spatial working memory remained unaffected in native Tibetans, while verbal working memory accuracy (ACC) showed statistically significant decline. Following relocation to the plains, verbal working memory progressively recovered with increasing duration of residence, with the 3-year group reaching control levels. Neurophysiological data further revealed compensatory increases in late positive potential (LPP) amplitude and beta-band oscillatory power among high-altitude natives, both of which exhibited linear decline with residence duration in individuals relocated to the plains. These findings indicate that high-altitude hypoxia does not cause permanent impairment of verbal working memory function. Instead, it induces selective inhibition of energy-intensive verbal processing systems under energy-constrained conditions. This inhibition is environmentally dependent and reversibly restores upon improved oxygen supply. This study confirms at the cognitive neural mechanism level that functional changes induced by high-altitude hypoxia are fundamentally energy-optimization-driven adaptive reorganization, providing crucial empirical evidence for understanding human brain plasticity under extreme conditions.

大脑为适应环境而发生的动态变化对人类的生存至关重要。广泛的研究表明，青藏高原土著藏族人口已经进化出独特的生理适应缺氧。然而，这些适应性策略的神经认知基础仍然不完全清楚。目的是确定这种影响是否源于能量受限的适应性功能调整或不可逆的神经功能损伤。搬迁到平原后，随着居住时间的增加，言语工作记忆逐渐恢复，3岁组达到控制水平。神经生理数据进一步显示，高原原生个体的后期正电位（LPP）振幅和β波段振荡功率代偿性增加，在迁移到平原的个体中，两者均随居住时间的延长呈线性下降。这些结果表明，高原缺氧不会导致言语工作记忆功能的永久性损伤。相反，它在能量受限的条件下诱导能量密集型语言处理系统的选择性抑制。这种抑制作用依赖于环境，并在改善供氧后可逆地恢复。本研究在认知神经机制层面证实了高原缺氧导致的功能变化从根本上说是能量优化驱动的适应性重组，为理解极端条件下人类大脑可塑性提供了重要的经验证据。

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引用次数: 0

Uncovering the role of sociodemographic factors in sex/gender differences in emotional brain activation: an SDM-PSI meta-analysis of fMRI studies 揭示社会人口因素在情绪脑激活的性别/性别差异中的作用：fMRI研究的SDM-PSI荟萃分析。

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING

NeuroImage

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121777

Paula Ariño-Braña , Rita Vieira , Carles Soriano-Mas , Joaquim Radua , Maria Picó-Pérez

Introduction

The study of sex/gender (S/G) differences in neuroscience, particularly in emotional processing, has been hindered by methodological inconsistencies, often producing biased conclusions that overgeneralize brain differences between males and females. Moreover, many studies fail to consider how other sociodemographic factors interact with S/G to influence the brain. This study aims to address these gaps by investigating whether potential S/G effects in brain activation during emotion-evoking functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) tasks are influenced by those factors.

Methods

This meta-analysis followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered on PROSPERO. We searched for peer-reviewed studies on S/G differences in whole-brain activations during fMRI emotion-evoking tasks. Data analysis was conducted using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images (SDM-PSI). Subgroup analyses were performed based on the type of tasks and on race, and meta-regressions assessed the impact of age, education, and hormonal contraceptive use on the main effects.

Results

63 studies were included for the meta-analysis, comprising a total of 5,436 individuals from the general population (2,635 females). The main meta-analysis showed no significant S/G activation differences at the whole-brain level. Subgroup analyses, however, revealed significant S/G differences depending on the type of task and the race subgroup, while meta-regression analyses showed significant associations between S/G effects and education and hormonal contraceptive use, with notable shifts in activation patterns across these variables.

Discussion

Our findings highlight the need for more complex, intersectional models that consider the dynamic interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors in shaping S/G differences in brain function and mental health.

导读：神经科学中对性/性别（S/G）差异的研究，特别是在情绪处理方面，一直受到方法不一致的阻碍，经常产生有偏见的结论，过度概括了男性和女性之间的大脑差异。此外，许多研究没有考虑其他社会人口因素如何与S/G相互作用以影响大脑。本研究旨在通过研究这些因素是否影响诱发情绪的功能磁共振成像（fMRI）任务时大脑激活的潜在S/G效应来解决这些空白。方法：本荟萃分析遵循系统评价和荟萃分析（PRISMA）指南的首选报告项目，并在PROSPERO上注册。我们检索了同行评议的关于fMRI情绪激发任务中全脑激活的S/G差异的研究。数据分析采用基于种子的主题图像置换d映射（SDM-PSI）。根据任务类型和种族进行亚组分析，并进行meta回归评估年龄、教育程度和激素避孕药使用对主要效果的影响。结果：63项研究被纳入meta分析，包括来自普通人群的5436名个体（2635名女性）。主meta分析显示，在全脑水平上，S/G激活无显著差异。然而，亚组分析揭示了显著的S/G差异取决于任务类型和种族亚组，而元回归分析显示S/G效应与教育和激素避孕药使用之间存在显著关联，这些变量之间的激活模式发生了显著变化。讨论：我们的研究结果强调需要更复杂的交叉模型，考虑生物、心理和社会因素在形成大脑功能和心理健康的S/G差异中的动态相互作用。

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引用次数: 0

Pulse waveform and current direction alter network-level TMS-induced functional connectivity: Evidence from TMS-EEG 脉冲波形和电流方向改变网络级tms诱导的功能连接：来自TMS-EEG的证据。

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING

NeuroImage

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121794

Delia Lucarelli , Giacomo Guidali , Roberto Guidotti , Giulia Pieramico , Nadia Bolognini , Gian Luca Romani , Vittorio Pizzella , Laura Marzetti

Functional connectivity analyses of electroencephalographic (EEG) data during concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can offer valuable insight into large-scale network dynamics. Still, the influence of TMS features on these measurements remains poorly understood. This study investigates the impact of key TMS parameters – pulse waveform and current direction – on the induced EEG functional connectivity of the motor system in the alpha and beta frequency bands.

We analyzed data from 32 healthy participants retrieved from an open-access repository. Left primary motor cortex (M1) was stimulated at rest while varying TMS pulse waveform (monophasic, biphasic) and current direction (posterior-to-anterior – PA, anterior-to-posterior – AP). TMS-induced functional connectivity patterns were examined across experimental conditions to assess differences given by the distinct parameters used.

In the alpha-band, TMS-induced left M1 connectivity was associated with a widespread network characterized by right-lateralized (i.e., contralateral to TMS site) communication to sensorimotor regions independent of stimulation features. Beta-band connectivity was more localized, with condition-dependent variations. Monophasic pulses led to stronger connectivity than biphasic pulses in the alpha band, with AP currents inducing the most significant modulation. In biphasic conditions, PA-AP stimulation produced the most substantial connectivity modulation in the alpha-band and the weakest in the beta-band, while AP-PA reversed this pattern.

Our findings highlight that TMS parameters can significantly modulate M1 oscillatory dynamics. The selective activation of distinct functional networks could represent a vital source of variability in TMS applications, emphasizing the importance of carefully choosing TMS features and supporting the evidence that motor system interregional communication follows frequency-specific patterns.

并发经颅磁刺激（TMS）时脑电图（EEG）数据的功能连通性分析可以为大规模网络动力学提供有价值的见解。尽管如此，经颅磁刺激对这些测量的影响仍然知之甚少。本研究探讨了经颅磁刺激的关键参数-脉冲波形和电流方向-对运动系统在α和β频段的脑电功能连接的影响。我们分析了从开放存取存储库检索的32名健康参与者的数据。在静止状态下刺激左初级运动皮层（M1），同时改变TMS脉冲波形（单相、双相）和电流方向（后-前- PA、前-后- AP）。经颅磁刺激诱导的功能连接模式在不同的实验条件下进行检查，以评估所使用的不同参数所给出的差异。在α波段，经颅磁刺激诱导的左M1连接与一个广泛的网络有关，该网络的特征是与独立于刺激特征的感觉运动区域的右侧（即经颅磁刺激部位的对侧）通信。β波段的连通性更局限于局部，具有条件依赖性。在α波段，单相脉冲比双相脉冲导致更强的连通性，其中AP电流诱导的调制最显著。在双相条件下，PA-AP刺激在α波段产生最显著的连接调制，在β波段产生最弱的连接调制，而AP-PA则逆转了这一模式。我们的研究结果强调TMS参数可以显著调节M1振荡动力学。不同功能网络的选择性激活可能代表了颅磁刺激应用中可变性的重要来源，强调了仔细选择颅磁刺激特征的重要性，并支持了运动系统区域间通信遵循频率特定模式的证据。

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引用次数: 0

A partially shared magnitude system: Common and specialized neural substrates underlying spatial, numerical, and temporal arithmetic 一个部分共享的星等系统：空间、数值和时间算法的共同和专门的神经基质。

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING

NeuroImage

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121800

Liangzhi Jia , Zhiwei Zhang , Chengtao Wang , Yuanyi Liu , Fangwen Yu , Di Zhang , Yun Pan

Magnitude, such as time, space and number, constitutes a foundational construction of perceptual and cognitive experience. A Theory of Magnitude proposes that these dimensions are processed by a shared magnitude system. However, it remains unclear how this system supports the manipulation of multiple continuous magnitude information, such as arithmetic operation across domains and whether it operates as a fully shared or partially specialized subsystem. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated magnitude arithmetic in numerical, spatial and temporal domains. Conjunction analyses were conducted at each arithmetic stage (first operand, second operand, and probe) to identify overlapping activations across magnitude dimensions. To explore domain-specific differences, voxel-wise factorial ANOVA and task-dependent functional connectivity analyses were applied. Conjunction analyses revealed several overlapping neural substrates at each stage, including key components of the magnitude system. Voxel-wise factorial ANOVA demonstrated that numerical and spatial arithmetic showed greater activation in the bilateral superior occipital gyrus and left middle occipital gyrus, whereas temporal arithmetic elicited stronger activation in left precentral gyrus. Functional connectivity analyses revealed that temporal arithmetic showed greater coupling with bilateral precentral gyrus and cerebellum, whereas numerical and spatial arithmetic elicited stronger coupling with left inferior occipital gyrus, by using bilateral IPS as seed regions. In summary, arithmetic across different magnitude domains relies on a shared magnitude network, with numerical and spatial operations depending on visuospatial mechanisms while temporal operations depend on sensorimotor mechanisms. This dissociation indicates that static and dynamic magnitudes are supported by distinct subsystems, providing evidence for a partially shared magnitude system.

量，如时间、空间和数量，构成了感知和认知经验的基础结构。一个数量级理论提出这些维度是由一个共享的数量级系统处理的。然而，目前尚不清楚该系统如何支持多个连续量级信息的操作，例如跨域的算术运算，以及它是作为一个完全共享的还是部分专门化的子系统运行。利用功能磁共振成像，我们研究了数值、空间和时间域的数量级算法。在每个算术阶段（第一个操作数、第二个操作数和探针）进行连接分析，以确定跨量级维度的重叠激活。为了探索特定领域的差异，采用了体素因子方差分析和任务相关功能连通性分析。结合分析显示，在每个阶段有几个重叠的神经基质，包括数量级系统的关键组成部分。体素因子方差分析显示，数值和空间算法在双侧枕上回和左侧枕中回激活更大，而时间算法在左侧中央前回激活更强。功能连通性分析表明，时间算术与双侧中央前回和小脑的耦合更强，而数值和空间算术与左枕下回的耦合更强，以双侧IPS为种子区。总之，不同数量级域的运算依赖于一个共享的数量级网络，其中数值和空间运算依赖于视觉空间机制，而时间运算依赖于感觉运动机制。这种分离表明静态和动态星等由不同的子系统支持，为部分共享星等系统提供了证据。

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引用次数: 0

Glymphatic system impairment in Wilson’s disease: An overlooked mechanism for neurological dysfunction? 威尔逊病的淋巴系统损伤：一种被忽视的神经功能障碍机制？

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING

NeuroImage

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121792

Gaiying Li , Siyuan Fang , Yupeng Wu , Xiangzhen Yuan , Ying Tang , Xiaozhong Jing , Luguang Chen , Xiaoping Wang , Jianqi Li

Background

Mounting evidence highlights the critical role of the brain’s glymphatic system in cerebral waste clearance, yet its alterations in Wilson’s disease (WD) remain unclear. This study aimed to systematically evaluate structural and functional alterations of the glymphatic system across WD clinical phenotypes and their associations with neurological impairment.

Methods

Nineteen patients with neurological WD (neuro-WD), 13 with hepatic WD (hep-WD), and 25 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Quantitative MRI metrics included choroid plexus (ChP) volume and diffusion parameters, basal ganglia perivascular space (PVS_BG) volume, and free water-eliminated diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space (FWE-DTI-ALPS) index. Group differences were analyzed using ANCOVA, post hoc t-tests, and receiver operating characteristic analyses. Partial correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between MRI and clinical parameters.

Results

ChP and PVS_BG volumes increased progressively across HC, hep-WD, and neuro-WD groups, whereas the FWE-DTI-ALPS index decreased (all p < 0.01), accompanied by elevated free water content and altered diffusion properties in the ChP. The combination of ChP and PVS markers distinguished WD from HC (AUC = 0.939), while ChP volume alone effectively differentiated neuro-WD from hep-WD (AUC = 0.799). ChP volume correlated negatively with the FWE-DTI-ALPS index (r = –0.619), and PVS_BG volume was inversely associated with FWE-DTI-ALPS (r = –0.320). Clinically, ChP enlargement correlated with higher urinary copper levels, whereas fractional anisotropy values, both before and after free water correction, were negatively correlated with serum iron.

Conclusions

These findings provide preliminary imaging evidence of alterations in glymphatic-related MRI markers in WD and suggest that these markers may help differentiate neurological from hepatic phenotypes in research settings. In addition, we emphasize that the observed ALPS changes should be interpreted cautiously, and future longitudinal and multi-shell studies are required before clinical translation can be considered.

背景：越来越多的证据强调了脑淋巴系统在脑废物清除中的关键作用，但其在威尔逊病（WD）中的改变尚不清楚。本研究旨在系统地评估跨WD临床表型的淋巴系统的结构和功能改变及其与神经损伤的关系。方法：选取19例神经性WD （neurod -WD）患者、13例肝脏WD （hep-WD）患者和25例健康对照（hc）。定量MRI指标包括脉络膜丛（ChP）体积和扩散参数、基底节区血管周围空间（PVSBG）体积、沿血管周围空间自由消水扩散张量成像分析（FWE-DTI-ALPS）指数。采用ANCOVA、事后t检验和受试者工作特征分析分析组间差异。进行偏相关分析以检查MRI与临床参数之间的关联。结果：ChP和PVSBG体积在HC、hep-WD和neurod组逐渐增加，而FWE-DTI-ALPS指数下降(所有p BG体积与FWE-DTI-ALPS呈负相关（r = -0.320）。临床上，ChP增大与尿铜水平升高相关，而自由水校正前后各向异性分数值与血清铁呈负相关。结论：这些发现提供了WD中淋巴相关MRI标记物改变的初步影像学证据，并提示这些标记物可能有助于在研究环境中区分神经表型和肝脏表型。此外，我们强调观察到的ALPS变化应谨慎解释，在考虑临床翻译之前，需要进行未来的纵向和多壳研究。

{"title":"Glymphatic system impairment in Wilson’s disease: An overlooked mechanism for neurological dysfunction?","authors":"Gaiying Li , Siyuan Fang , Yupeng Wu , Xiangzhen Yuan , Ying Tang , Xiaozhong Jing , Luguang Chen , Xiaoping Wang , Jianqi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Mounting evidence highlights the critical role of the brain’s glymphatic system in cerebral waste clearance, yet its alterations in Wilson’s disease (WD) remain unclear. This study aimed to systematically evaluate structural and functional alterations of the glymphatic system across WD clinical phenotypes and their associations with neurological impairment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Nineteen patients with neurological WD (neuro-WD), 13 with hepatic WD (hep-WD), and 25 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Quantitative MRI metrics included choroid plexus (ChP) volume and diffusion parameters, basal ganglia perivascular space (PVS<sub>BG</sub>) volume, and free water-eliminated diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space (FWE-DTI-ALPS) index. Group differences were analyzed using ANCOVA, post hoc <em>t</em>-tests, and receiver operating characteristic analyses. Partial correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between MRI and clinical parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ChP and PVS<sub>BG</sub> volumes increased progressively across HC, hep-WD, and neuro-WD groups, whereas the FWE-DTI-ALPS index decreased (all p < 0.01), accompanied by elevated free water content and altered diffusion properties in the ChP. The combination of ChP and PVS markers distinguished WD from HC (AUC = 0.939), while ChP volume alone effectively differentiated neuro-WD from hep-WD (AUC = 0.799). ChP volume correlated negatively with the FWE-DTI-ALPS index (<em>r</em> = –0.619), and PVS<sub>BG</sub> volume was inversely associated with FWE-DTI-ALPS (<em>r</em> = –0.320). Clinically, ChP enlargement correlated with higher urinary copper levels, whereas fractional anisotropy values, both before and after free water correction, were negatively correlated with serum iron.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings provide preliminary imaging evidence of alterations in glymphatic-related MRI markers in WD and suggest that these markers may help differentiate neurological from hepatic phenotypes in research settings. In addition, we emphasize that the observed ALPS changes should be interpreted cautiously, and future longitudinal and multi-shell studies are required before clinical translation can be considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19299,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImage","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 121792"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146201780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Short-term dynamic changes in interbrain synchrony during first social interaction between strangers 陌生人初次社交互动中脑间同步的短期动态变化。

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING

NeuroImage

Pub Date : 2026-02-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121752

Dovrat Atias , Andrey Markus , Simone Shamay-Tsoory

Emerging evidence highlights the role of interbrain synchrony in fostering the formation of relationships. Yet a key question remains: how does interbrain synchrony dynamically evolve throughout a first meeting between strangers, and to what extent do interbrain networks exhibit dynamic changes during the interaction?

In this study, we investigate short-term changes in behavioral and interbrain synchrony during initial face-to-face encounters between strangers. To assess experience-dependent changes in interbrain synchrony, we tracked these dynamics with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) over a five-minute interaction period, and examined whether these changes predict changes in movement synchronization. A total of 106 previously unacquainted participants were randomly paired into dyads and instructed to engage in a five-minute acquaintance conversation. Results indicate that movement synchronization increased throughout the interaction and predicted dyadic connectedness. The neuroimaging findings revealed heightened interbrain synchrony in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and premotor cortex (PMC). Critically, we observed a gradual increase in interbrain synchrony in the l.dlPFC- l.IFG and the r.PMC-r.IFG. Finally, we showed that interbrain synchrony in the r.PMC-r.IFG predicted movement synchronization only at the end of the meeting. These findings position interbrain synchrony as a rapidly plastic, experience-dependent coupling mechanism that emerges during first-time natural conversation, rather than a static correlate of shared state. It shows that minute-by-minute increases in behavioral and neural alignment play a foundational role in the formation of social bonds, potentially through motor pathways.

新出现的证据强调了脑间同步在促进关系形成中的作用。然而，一个关键的问题仍然存在：在陌生人的第一次会面中，脑间同步是如何动态演变的？在互动过程中，脑间网络在多大程度上表现出动态变化？在这项研究中，我们调查了陌生人初次面对面接触时行为和脑间同步的短期变化。为了评估脑间同步的经验依赖变化，我们使用功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）在5分钟的相互作用期间跟踪这些动态，并检查这些变化是否预测运动同步的变化。共有106名之前不认识的参与者被随机分成两组，并被要求进行五分钟的熟人交谈。结果表明，运动同步在整个交互过程中增加，并预测了二元连接。神经影像学结果显示，背外侧前额叶皮层（dlPFC）、额下回（IFG）和运动前皮层（PMC）的脑间同步增强。关键的是，我们观察到ldlpfc - lifg和rpmc - rifg的脑间同步逐渐增加。最后，我们发现了rpmc -r的脑间同步。IFG仅在会议结束时预测运动同步。这些发现表明，脑间同步是一种快速可塑的、经验依赖的耦合机制，它出现在第一次自然对话中，而不是共享状态的静态相关。它表明，行为和神经一致性的分分秒秒增加，在社会纽带的形成中起着基础作用，可能是通过运动途径形成的。

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引用次数: 0

Maturation and reorganization of structural connectivity in infants within half a year 半年内婴儿结构连接的成熟和重组

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING

NeuroImage

Pub Date : 2026-02-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121728

Tingting Liu , Mingyang Li , Yuqing You , Hongxi Zhang , Ying Lv , Chai Ji , Yuting Li , Dan Wu , Shenghong Ju

Although brain networks have been extensively investigated, the structural network refinement in the early postnatal period remains under-researched, a period during which axons undergo overproduction, elimination, and myelination, which may lead to alterations in the topology of intercortical connections.

A total of 104 preterm infants with few complications were enrolled in the current study. The whole-brain tractography weighted by fiber density was performed for each participant using the second-order integration over the fiber orientation distribution method, which was then sifted to 1 million streamlines. The successive changes in the structural connectivity of infants were examined.

The findings indicated a notable improvement in integration and segregation, characterized by a rapid initial increase in small-worldness followed by a deceleration, which is associated with the differential maturation of short- and long-range white matter. Global clustering coefficients increased with age, while node degree exhibited variability: frontal regions showed an increase, whereas temporoparietal-occipital regions demonstrated a decrease, indicating earlier maturation of the latter. Hemispheric hub edges, through short-range white matter connections between adjacent cortices, exhibited increased regularity and symmetry, potentially attributable to the earlier maturation of short-range fibers. Age-related changes in modularity and number indicate an increase in structural module segregation, characterized by declining modularity and stable composition, which reflects a distinct phase of connectivity reorganization.

This study improves our understanding of early brain network development by identifying key topological maturation trends in the structural brain networks of early infants.

尽管对大脑网络进行了广泛的研究，但对出生后早期的结构网络优化研究仍然不足。在这一时期，轴突经历了过度生产、消除和髓鞘形成，这可能导致皮层间连接拓扑结构的改变。目前的研究共纳入了104例并发症较少的早产儿。对每个参与者使用纤维方向分布方法的二阶积分进行纤维密度加权的全脑束造影，然后筛选到100万条流线。研究了婴儿结构连通性的连续变化。研究结果表明，在整合和分离方面有显著的改善，其特征是小世界的快速增加，随后减速，这与短白质和长白质的不同成熟有关。整体聚类系数随年龄增加而增加，节点度呈现变异性：额叶区增加，颞顶-枕叶区减少，表明后者成熟较早。通过邻近皮层之间的短距离白质连接，半球中枢边缘表现出更多的规律性和对称性，这可能归因于短距离纤维的早熟。随着年龄的增长，模块化和数量的变化表明结构模块分离增加，模块化下降，组成稳定，反映了明显的连通性重组阶段。本研究通过确定早期婴儿结构脑网络的关键拓扑成熟趋势，提高了我们对早期脑网络发育的理解。

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引用次数: 0

ERP correlates of semantic inconsistencies in deepfakes 深度造假中语义不一致性的ERP关联。

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING

NeuroImage

Pub Date : 2026-02-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121727

Eliana Monahhova , Alexandra Morozova , Dimitri Bredikhin , Julia Gorodnicheva , Amir Bekim , Anna Shestakova , Vasily Klucharev

Advances in deepfake technology raise concerns about disinformation spread. Novel deepfake technologies make it increasingly difficult to distinguish between real and fake media content. The current study investigated how speakers’ credibility, the participants’ traits and attitudes may influence the brain processing of audio deepfakes arguing for and against COVID-19 vaccination. We analyzed the electroencephalograms (EEGs) of 61 participants who supported or opposed COVID-19 vaccination. The participants were exposed to audio deepfakes portraying two speakers—a prominent medical doctor (pro-vaccine advocate) or a prominent COVID-19 dissident (anti-vaccine advocate)—making statements that were congruent or incongruent with their publicly known stances. Сritical words that contradicted the medical doctor's (pro-vaccine advocate) public opinion elicited a stronger delayed N400-like response with a latency of 500–750 ms compared to the critical words that matched his public opinion. We observed no similar effect for the critical words of the popular actress (anti-vaccine advocate). The speaker's credibility was significantly predicted by the amplitude of the N400 component to critical words that contradicted speakers’ public opinion, while participants’ intentions to share deepfakes were predicted by their neural responses to critical words that matched speakers’ public opinion. Our results do not only support previous behavioral findings that information is differently processed depending on source credibility but link them to the brain mechanisms of semantic processing of deepfakes.

深度造假技术的进步引发了人们对虚假信息传播的担忧。新颖的深度造假技术使得区分真实和虚假的媒体内容变得越来越困难。目前的研究调查了说话者的可信度、参与者的特征和态度如何影响大脑对支持和反对COVID-19疫苗接种的音频深度伪造的处理。我们分析了61名支持或反对COVID-19疫苗接种的参与者的脑电图（eeg）。参与者被暴露在音频深度伪造中，描绘了两位演讲者——一位著名的医生（支持疫苗的倡导者）或一位著名的COVID-19持不同政见者（反对疫苗的倡导者）——发表与他们公开立场一致或不一致的言论。Сritical与医生（支持接种疫苗）的公众意见相矛盾的词比与他的公众意见相匹配的批评性词引起了更强的延迟n400样反应，延迟时间为500-750毫秒。我们对著名女演员（反疫苗倡导者）的批评性话语没有观察到类似的效果。演讲者的可信度可以通过N400分量的振幅来预测，而参与者分享深度造假的意图可以通过他们对与演讲者的公众观点相匹配的关键词汇的神经反应来预测。我们的研究结果不仅支持先前的行为研究结果，即信息的处理方式取决于来源的可信度，而且将它们与深度伪造的语义处理的大脑机制联系起来。

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引用次数: 0

Cardio-respiratory interactions in interoceptive perception: The role of heartbeat-modulated cortical oscillations 内感受知觉中的心肺相互作用：心跳调节的皮质振荡的作用。

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING

NeuroImage

Pub Date : 2026-02-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121711

Andrea Zaccaro , Francesca della Penna , Francesco Bubbico , Başak Bayram , Eleonora Parrotta , Mauro Gianni Perrucci , Marcello Costantini , Francesca Ferri

The cardiovascular and respiratory systems are anatomically and functionally integrated, suggesting that breathing continuously influences cardiac interoception. Previously, we demonstrated that the heartbeat-evoked potential (HEP), a neural marker of cardiac signal processing, is modulated by respiration, with enhanced late HEP positivity and increased interoceptive accuracy during exhalation. Here, we reanalysed our previous dataset in the time–frequency domain to investigate heartbeat-modulated cortical oscillations across respiratory phases during rest, cardiac interoception (heartbeat counting), and an exteroceptive control task. During heartbeat counting, exhalation was associated with increased late heartbeat-modulated alpha- and theta-band power and inter-trial coherence over fronto-parietal electrodes, compared with inhalation. Heartbeat-modulated alpha activity was related to HEP amplitude and predicted interoceptive accuracy. Exploratory analyses also indicated enhanced heartbeat-modulated functional connectivity during exhalation. These effects could not be accounted for by cardiac physiology alone and were absent during exteroception. We propose a mechanistic account of cardio-respiratory interactions grounded in interoceptive predictive coding, suggesting that exhalation enhances precision-weighting of cardiac signals by facilitating attentional allocation to interoceptive signals and suppressing task-irrelevant distractions.

心血管系统和呼吸系统在解剖学和功能上是一体的，这表明呼吸持续影响心脏内感受。先前，我们证明了心脏信号处理的神经标记——心跳诱发电位（HEP）是由呼吸调节的，在呼气过程中，HEP晚期阳性增强，内感受准确性增加。在这里，我们在时频域重新分析了相同的数据集，以研究在休息、心脏内感受（心跳计数）和外感受控制任务期间心跳调节的皮层振荡。在心跳计数过程中，与吸气相比，呼气与增加的晚期心跳调节α和θ波段功率以及额顶叶电极的试验间一致性有关。心跳调节的α活动与HEP振幅有关，并预测内感受的准确性。探索性分析还表明，呼气过程中心跳调节功能的连通性增强。这些影响不能单独由心脏生理学来解释，并且在外外感期间不存在。我们提出了一种基于内感受性预测编码的心肺相互作用的机制解释，表明呼气通过促进对内感受性信号的注意分配和抑制与任务无关的干扰来提高心脏信号的精确加权。

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引用次数: 0

Virtual body ownership affects the processing of sensorimotor contingencies and goal-oriented information extraction, but not semantics 虚拟身体所有权影响感觉运动偶然事件的加工和目标导向信息提取，但不影响语义。

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 NEUROIMAGING

NeuroImage

Pub Date : 2026-02-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121715

Evan G. Center , Matti Pouke , Alessandro Nardi , Lukas Gehrke , Klaus Gramann , Timo Ojala , Steven M. LaValle

Previous research has attempted to quantify presence in virtual environments using event-related potentials (ERPs). We contend, however, that previous efforts have fallen short of fully realizing this goal, failing to either (A) independently manipulate presence, (B) validate their measure of presence against traditional techniques, (C) adequately separate the constructs of presence and attention, and/or (D) implement a realistic and immersive environment and task. We address these shortcomings in an ERP experiment in which participants play an engaging target shooting game in virtual reality (VR). ERPs are time-locked to the release of a ball from a sling. We induce breaks in presence (BIPs) by freezing the ball’s release on a minority of trials. Embodiment is manipulated by allowing manual manipulation of the sling with a realistic avatar in one condition (embodied condition) and passive manipulation with only controllers in another (non-embodied condition). We find, in line with our preregistered predictions, that the N2, the P3b, and the N400 are selectively sensitive towards embodied BIPs, information extraction, and BIPs regardless of embodiment, respectively. The pattern of findings carries significant implications for theories of presence, which have been seldom addressed in previous ERP investigations on this topic.

先前的研究试图使用事件相关电位（erp）来量化虚拟环境中的存在。然而，我们认为，之前的努力未能完全实现这一目标，未能A)独立操纵存在，B)验证他们对传统技术的存在度量，C)充分分离存在和注意力的结构，和/或D)实现现实和沉浸式的环境和任务。我们在一个ERP实验中解决了这些缺点，在这个实验中，参与者在VR中玩一个引人入胜的射击游戏。erp是时间锁定的，从弹弓中释放一个球。在少数试验中，我们通过冻结球的释放来诱导在场断裂（BIPs）。化身是通过允许在一种条件下（具体化条件）用现实的化身手动操作吊带和在另一种条件下（非具体化条件）仅用控制器被动操作来操纵的。我们发现，与我们预先注册的预测一致，N2、P3b和N400分别对具身bip、信息提取和与具身无关的bip有选择性敏感。研究结果的模式对存在理论具有重要意义，这在以前的ERP研究中很少涉及。

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引用次数: 0