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Development of digital technologies at the level of municipal government 市级政府数字技术发展
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33051/2500-2325-2019-2-35-44
A. Kurilo, Egor A. Prokopyev
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引用次数: 2
Sectoral transformation of the labor market of metropolitan cities 大城市劳动力市场的行业转型
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33051/2500-2325-2019-3-83-94
Vitalii A. Vernikov
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引用次数: 0
Russian macroeconomic production function in regard to infrastructure for 1990-2020 1990-2020年俄罗斯基础设施宏观经济生产函数
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33051/2500-2325-2022-3-16-28
A. Afanasiev, O. Ponomareva
In the period 1990-2020, the econometric methods were used to study the national economic production function of Russia, one of the arguments of which is the transport and communication infrastructure represented by the main funds of transport and communications. The results of the study indicate a continuing decline in the elasticity of Russia's GDP in transport and communication infrastructure in 2020 at a lower rate than in previous years. The dynamics of the marginal rate of technological substitution of production factors in 2009-2020 is researched. Among the main reasons for the decline in the elasticity of GDP for transport and communication infrastructure, the economic downturn and a decrease in the volume of capital investments in transport and communication industries were highlighted. It is noted that the spread of the Wuhan coronavirus in Russia has somewhat slowed down the rate of decline in the elasticity of GDP in infrastructure due to the sharply increased role of its communication component. For the successful implementation of the policy of advanced infrastructure development announced by the President of Russia, it is necessary not only to increase the volume of investments in infrastructure bottlenecks, but also to adopt an additional set of measures aimed at stimulating economic growth, among which, in the conditions of sharply increased foreign economic and foreign policy restrictions for Russia from our Western and overseas neighbors in 2022. it is possible to highlight the weakening of the centuries-old dependence of the Russian economy on raw materials and, as academician S.Yu. Glazyev, the transition of our country's economy to a new technological order.
在1990-2020年期间,运用计量经济学方法对俄罗斯的国民经济生产函数进行了研究,其论点之一是以交通和通信主要资金为代表的交通和通信基础设施。研究结果表明,到2020年,俄罗斯交通和通信基础设施的GDP弹性将继续下降,下降速度低于前几年。研究了2009-2020年生产要素边际技术替代率的动态变化。交通和通信基础设施的国内生产总值弹性下降的主要原因是经济低迷和交通和通信行业的资本投资额减少。值得注意的是,新冠肺炎疫情在俄罗斯的蔓延,在一定程度上减缓了基础设施领域GDP弹性下降的速度,因为通信部分的作用大幅增强。为了成功实施俄罗斯总统宣布的先进基础设施发展政策,不仅需要增加对基础设施瓶颈的投资,而且还需要采取一系列旨在刺激经济增长的额外措施,其中包括在2022年西方和海外邻国对俄罗斯的经济和外交政策限制急剧增加的情况下。就有可能凸显俄罗斯经济数百年来对原材料的依赖正在减弱,而且正如S.Yu院士所说。格拉济耶夫,我国经济向新技术秩序的过渡。
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引用次数: 0
Production and export of liquefied gas: transformation of business models taking into account global trends in decarbonization and digitalization 液化天然气的生产和出口:考虑到全球脱碳和数字化趋势的商业模式转型
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33051/2500-2325-2021-4-102-111
A. S. Tulupov, Ivan A. Titkov
The publication touches upon aspects of the digital transformation of business models for the operation of enterprises for the production and export of liquefied natural gas (LNG). The priority role of the LNG business in the future development of the oil and gas industry in the Russian Federation in the context of global megatrends in decarbonization of the economy and digitalization is substantiated. Materials, methods and organization of the study. The study was prepared through a critical analysis of information sources based on a comprehensive account of theoretical concepts and practical models of cognition of phenomena in the field of new «green» energy, including decarbonization and increasing the climate neutrality of the economy, as well as theoretical and methodological provisions on the digitalization of socio-economic relations, the development of the knowledge economy, the introduction of end-to-end technologies of the new industrial era of digitalization. The provisions of this publication are based on the Schumpeterian theory of innovation, aspects of the competition paradigm and competitive advantages of M. Porter, as well as elements of the concept of the fourth industrial revolution by K. Schwab and co-authors. The study used system-structural, dialectical, comparative and other methods and approaches. Research results. It is shown that the production and commercial efficiency of LNG enterprises will steadily increase subject to the implementation of digital transformations of the model of organizing production, management and other processes. Examples are given of promising end-to-end digital economy technologies for digital transformation of the LNG business. A system of priority areas for digital transformation of business models in enterprises engaged in the production and export of liquefied gas, including the transformation of the organizational model, corporate culture, production model, intracorporate entrepreneurship and financial model, is proposed, and the content of the corresponding transformations is substantiated. Conclusions. The necessity of the steady development of the digital competence of the subjects responsible for the strategic management of the enterprises of the LNG industry is stated in order to form the prerequisites for accelerating digital transformations.
该出版物涉及液化天然气(LNG)生产和出口企业运营商业模式数字化转型的各个方面。在全球经济脱碳和数字化大趋势的背景下,液化天然气业务在俄罗斯联邦石油和天然气行业未来发展中的优先作用得到了证实。研究的材料、方法和组织。该研究是通过对信息源的批判性分析而编写的,该分析基于对新“绿色”能源领域现象认知的理论概念和实践模型的全面说明,包括脱碳和提高经济的气候中性,以及关于社会经济关系数字化、知识经济发展、经济发展和经济发展的理论和方法规定。引入数字化新工业时代的端到端技术。本出版物的规定是基于熊彼特的创新理论,M.波特的竞争范式和竞争优势的方面,以及K.施瓦布和合著者的第四次工业革命概念的要素。本研究采用了系统结构、辩证、比较等方法和途径。研究的结果。研究表明,通过对组织生产、管理等流程的模式进行数字化转型,LNG企业的生产和商业效率将稳步提高。给出了液化天然气业务数字化转型中有前景的端到端数字经济技术的例子。提出了液化天然气生产出口企业商业模式数字化转型的优先领域体系,包括组织模式转型、企业文化转型、生产模式转型、企业内部创业转型和财务模式转型,并具体化了相应转型的内容。结论。阐述了LNG行业企业战略管理主体数字化能力稳步发展的必要性,为加快数字化转型奠定了前提条件。
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引用次数: 0
Food security and self-sufficiency in food: methodological aspects 粮食安全和粮食自给自足:方法方面
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33051/2500-2325-2021-3-117-130
M. G. Prokopyev
The purpose of this article is to consider the concept of food security both from the view of households and agricultural producers, estimation of the relationship between the main components of food security and economic policy, analyze the impact of foreign economic policy instruments and the external environment on the level of food independence (food self-sufficiency). The methodological basis of the study is the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation, as well as the concept of imperfect substitution and imperfect transformation between food flows in the domestic and foreign markets. It is concluded that the indicator of food self-sufficiency in any reporting year does not depend on the volume of consumption of its own products. Its actual value, along with the internal price, is formed by the country's foreign economic policy and the external environment, as well as the conditions of substitution and transformation between food flows in the domestic and foreign markets.
本文的目的是从家庭和农业生产者的角度考虑粮食安全的概念,估计粮食安全和经济政策的主要组成部分之间的关系,分析国外经济政策工具和外部环境对粮食独立(粮食自给自足)水平的影响。这项研究的方法论基础是俄罗斯联邦的粮食安全原则,以及国内和国外市场的粮食流动之间的不完全替代和不完全转化的概念。结论是,任何报告年度的粮食自给自足指标并不取决于其自身产品的消费量。其实际价值与内部价格一起,是由该国的对外经济政策和外部环境,以及国内外市场粮食流动之间的替代和转化条件所形成的。
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引用次数: 1
Russia's economic interests and the development of transport and transit systems in Afghanistan and other Central Asian countries 俄罗斯在阿富汗和其他中亚国家的经济利益和交通运输系统的发展
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33051/2500-2325-2021-4-140-156
K. Zoidov, A. A. Medkov
The research is aimed at identifying and analyzing Russia's economic interests in the process of developing transport and transit systems (TTS) in Afghanistan and other Central Asian (CA) countries. Goal. To prove that it is in Russia's economic interests to stabilize the military-political situation in Afghanistan and ensure inclusive growth and sustainable development of the Central Asian countries through the implementation of large-scale infrastructure and integration projects in the region, the formation of high-tech TTS, and the construction of trans-Afghan railways. Tasks. To identify the historical and economic prerequisites for the transport and communication interaction between Russia and Afghanistan; to determine the prospects for the implementation and directions for increasing the transport and transit potential of Afghanistan, as well as Afghanistan's accession to the Initiative of the PRC «Belt and Road»; to describe and analyze the positions of India and Iran on the development of the transport direction «North – South» through the territory of Afghanistan; to reveal the problems and prospects for the functioning of the Lapis Lazuli (Jade) corridor; to identify the strengths and weaknesses of current Trans-Afghan railways projects; to give a description of the most important features of the construction of transport infrastructure facilities in Afghanistan. Methodology. The research uses the methods of evolutionary and institutional theory, the theory of industrial and technological balance and technical and economic structures, world-system and political-economic analysis, historical approach, analytical and expert assessments. Results. It is shown that for Afghanistan, participation in the development of transnational (international) transport corridors will, in addition to obtaining economic benefits from the realization of transport and transit potential, contribute to the stabilization of the situation inside the country. It is proved that the formation of the Lapis Lazuli Corridor for the Central Asian states can be considered as an addition to the Chinese Initiative «Belt and Road», in the process of increasing traffic along its routes, Afghanistan can turn into a transit hub of Euro-Asian transport and trade communications, while the functioning of the corridor cannot cardinally affect the socio-economic development and ensuring inclusive growth of Afghanistan; It is determined that the most feasible project in modern conditions is the construction of the Trans-Afghan Railway along the Mazar-I–Sharif-Kabul- Peshawar route through the Khyber Passage. Conclusions. The development of the TTS of Afghanistan and other Central Asian countries will become an innovative and infrastructural basis for establishing partnership relations between states with different levels of socio-economic development, the spread of central government to remote territories of underdeveloped countries, and the creation of new jobs, which meets Russia
该研究旨在确定和分析俄罗斯在阿富汗和其他中亚国家发展运输和过境系统(TTS)过程中的经济利益。的目标。通过在该地区实施大规模基础设施和一体化项目,组建高科技TTS,建设跨阿铁路,来证明稳定阿富汗军事政治局势,确保中亚国家的包容性增长和可持续发展符合俄罗斯的经济利益。任务。确定俄罗斯和阿富汗之间交通和通信互动的历史和经济先决条件;确定阿富汗的实施前景和方向,以增加阿富汗的运输和过境潜力,以及阿富汗加入中国“一带一路”倡议;描述和分析印度和伊朗在通过阿富汗境内发展“南北”运输方向上的立场;揭示青金石廊道功能存在的问题和前景;查明目前跨阿富汗铁路项目的优缺点;描述阿富汗交通基础设施建设的最重要特点。方法。研究使用了进化和制度理论、产业和技术平衡理论、技术和经济结构理论、世界体系和政治经济分析、历史方法、分析和专家评估等方法。结果。报告显示,对阿富汗来说,参与跨国(国际)运输走廊的发展,除了从实现运输和过境潜力中获得经济利益外,还将有助于稳定该国境内的局势。事实证明,中亚国家青金石走廊的形成可以视为中国“一带一路”倡议的补充,在其路线上增加交通量的过程中,阿富汗可以成为欧亚运输和贸易通信的中转枢纽,而走廊的功能不能从根本上影响阿富汗的社会经济发展和确保包容性增长;经确定,在现代条件下最可行的项目是沿着马扎里沙里夫-喀布尔-白沙瓦路线通过开伯尔通道修建阿富汗铁路。结论。阿富汗和其他中亚国家的TTS的发展将成为一个创新和基础设施的基础,建立不同社会经济发展水平的国家之间的伙伴关系,中央政府向不发达国家的偏远地区扩散,创造新的就业机会,这符合俄罗斯的经济利益。这就需要根据国家间公司伙伴关系的原则在运输和过境领域组织多边合作。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social and economic inequality of the Russian population 评估2019冠状病毒病大流行对俄罗斯人口社会和经济不平等的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33051/2500-2325-2020-3-31-48
M. M. Chernyshov, D. Usmanov
The article describes the results of an analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pan-demic on the socio-economic inequality of the Russian population. Presented diagnosis of the main indicators of regional disparities in the baseline characteristics (per capita income of the population (in the cities, custom regions), the distribution of Russians in terms of salary, the total number of unemployed, poverty level, etc.) and based on the practical application of the author's methods for the classification of the «Seven grades – the criterion indicators of inequality» in the context of the proposed property groups, a systematization of the impact of the policy of public authorities in a pandemic is made. The key aspects of state response measures are structured taking into account the balance of interests of each of the property groups in an uncertain environment.
本文介绍了对2019冠状病毒病大流行对俄罗斯人口社会经济不平等影响的分析结果。对基线特征(人口人均收入(城市、海关地区)、俄罗斯人在工资方面的分布、失业总人数、贫困水平等)的地区差异的主要指标进行了诊断,并根据作者在拟议财产群体背景下对“七个等级-不平等标准指标”进行分类的方法的实际应用,将公共当局的政策在大流行病中的影响系统化。国家应对措施的关键方面是考虑到在不确定的环境中每个财产集团的利益平衡而构建的。
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引用次数: 3
Ways to strengthen the energy security of isolated regions of the Far East and the Arctic using the tools of «green» modernization of industrial energy supply facilities 利用工业能源供应设施的“绿色”现代化手段加强远东和北极偏远地区能源安全的途径
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33051/2500-2325-2023-1-133-146
Igor V. Shutov
Subject/topic. The article is devoted to the search for ways to strengthen the energy security of isolated regions of the Far East and the Arctic using the tools of «green» modernization of industrial energy supply facilities. The subject of the research is ensuring the energy security of isolated energy regions. Goals/objectives. Based on an assessment of the state and problems of energy security in isolated regions of the Far East and the Arctic of Russia, practice-oriented recommendations for the comprehensive promotion of «green» modernization of industrial energy supply facilities have been identified and substantiated. Methodology. The basis of the work methodology are general scientific methods: synthesis and deduction. When analysing the technical condition and energy efficiency of energy supply facilities, the method of a sample survey of 24 enterprises located in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Kamchatka Territory and the Magadan Region was applied. The potential of modernization projects is illustrated by the case materials of the hybrid modernization project (Tabalah). Results. The article clarifies the problems of ensuring the energy security of isolated areas and systematizes advanced foreign experience. It has been determined that sanctions are one of the major challenges in the subject area. Proposed measures and tools to promote the «green» modernization of industrial power supply facilities, including a set of long-term guidelines for the modernization of energy systems, tools for digitalization of modernization projects, the development of a system of energy service contracts and «green» financing, as well as loop mechanisms for adaptation to sanctions risks. Conclusions/relevance. Modernization of energy facilities based on internal development and innovation can significantly improve the energy efficiency, sustainability, and environmental safety of isolated energy systems. Application. The results of the study can serve as the basis for the development of new approaches to ensuring energy security in Russia and the world.
学科/主题。本文致力于探索如何利用工业能源供应设施的“绿色”现代化工具来加强远东和北极偏远地区的能源安全。研究的课题是保障能源孤立区域的能源安全。目标/目标。在对俄罗斯远东和北极偏远地区的能源安全状况和问题进行评估的基础上,确定并证实了全面促进工业能源供应设施“绿色”现代化的实践建议。方法。工作方法论的基础是一般的科学方法:综合和演绎。在分析能源供应设施的技术条件和能源效率时,采用了对萨哈共和国(雅库特)、堪察加领土和马加丹地区的24家企业进行抽样调查的方法。混合现代化项目(Tabalah)的案例材料说明了现代化项目的潜力。结果。文章明确了保障偏远地区能源安全的问题,并对国外先进经验进行了系统总结。已确定制裁是该主题领域的主要挑战之一。提出了促进工业供电设施“绿色”现代化的措施和工具,包括一套能源系统现代化的长期指导方针,现代化项目数字化工具,能源服务合同和“绿色”融资体系的发展,以及适应制裁风险的循环机制。结论/相关性。基于内部发展和创新的能源设施现代化可以显著提高孤立能源系统的能源效率、可持续性和环境安全性。应用程序。研究结果可以作为制定确保俄罗斯和世界能源安全的新方法的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Socio-economic results of Russia's development in 2020: dynamics of key indicators and development prospects 2020年俄罗斯发展的社会经济成果:关键指标的动态和发展前景
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33051/2500-2325-2021-1-6-23
V. Tsvetkov
The article presents the dynamics of key indicators of the Russian economy in 2020. The main achievements and failures of economic development are outlined. The prospects for the development of the national economy in 2021 are considered separately. I would like to express my deep gratitude to my colleagues from MEI RAS for their help in preparing this article: cand. of sci. (Econ.) Usmanov D.I., researcher Zoidov Z.K., researcher Yankauskas K.S.
本文介绍了2020年俄罗斯经济关键指标的动态。概述了经济发展的主要成就和失败。另外考虑2021年国民经济发展前景。我要对MEI RAS的同事们在准备这篇文章中给予的帮助表示深深的感谢。的科学。(经济学)。Usmanov D.I, Zoidov Z.K, Yankauskas K.S.
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引用次数: 7
Formation of an innovative type of employment in oil and gas companies 形成油气企业创新型就业模式
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33051/2500-2325-2021-2-82-90
I. Eremina, A. Abdulkadyrov, Georgy O. Eyrikh
Subject/topic. At the present stage of both global and national economic development, there are a significant number of factors that have a significant impact on key areas of human activity, particularly, the development of globalization, increasing the standard and pace of life, intensive digitalization of the economies of the world, which lead to a change in labor relations and workforce management processes. In this connection, the active development of innovative technologies has led to the formation of a completely new type of activity - innovative employment. Goals/objectives. The aim of the study is to determine the features of the formation of an innovative type of employment in oil and gas companies. The object of the research is the theoretical concepts of employment. The subject of this research is the formation of an innovative type of employment in oil and gas companies. Results. The authors summarize the outcomes formed as a result of the analysis of the level of qualification of personnel of oil and gas companies, and suggest the active implementation of professional development programs.
学科/主题。在全球和国家经济发展的当前阶段,有许多因素对人类活动的关键领域产生重大影响,特别是全球化的发展,生活水平和节奏的提高,世界经济的密集数字化,导致劳动关系和劳动力管理流程的变化。在这方面,创新技术的积极发展导致形成了一种全新类型的活动- -创新就业。目标/目标。该研究的目的是确定石油和天然气公司中创新型就业形成的特征。本研究的对象是就业的理论概念。本研究的主题是石油和天然气公司中创新型就业的形成。结果。总结了通过对油气公司人员素质水平分析得出的结论,并提出了积极实施专业发展规划的建议。
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引用次数: 0
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Market economy problems
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