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The systemic nature of the reproduction process in agriculture: vectors of development and current improvement measures 农业再生产过程的系统性质:发展的媒介和目前的改进措施
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33051/2500-2325-2021-4-31-39
Z. Babaeva
Subject/Topic. Agriculture is one of the main drivers of the Russian economy development, as the food security of the country, the standard of living of the population in rural areas, as well as the development of related sectors of the national economy directly depend on its state. The study of production in agriculture from the standpoint of the process approach allows us to present it as a special type of activity aimed at creating all types of goods (material, social, etc.) to meet the needs of society and the national economy of the country. Goals/Objectives. The goal of the research is to determine the systematic nature of the reproductive process in agricultural production. The object of the research is the theoretical concepts of the reproduction process. The subject of the research is the formation of systematic elements in a regional agriculture. Results. The author's vision of the organization of the reproduction process in agriculture as a systemic category is presented.
学科/主题。农业是俄罗斯经济发展的主要动力之一,国家的粮食安全,农村人口的生活水平,以及国民经济相关部门的发展直接取决于其状态。从过程方法的角度研究农业生产,使我们能够将其视为一种特殊类型的活动,旨在创造各种类型的商品(物质,社会等),以满足社会和国民经济的需要。目标/目标。这项研究的目的是确定农业生产中生殖过程的系统性质。研究对象是再生产过程的理论概念。研究的主题是区域农业系统要素的形成。结果。作者将农业再生产过程的组织作为一个系统范畴提出了自己的看法。
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引用次数: 0
Development of the domestic market and production as a current condition for ensuring the economic security of the country 把发展国内市场和生产作为保证国家经济安全的当前条件
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33051/2500-2325-2019-2-45-54
S. Solovieva
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引用次数: 0
On approaches to determining the prospects for the development of the electric power industry 论确定电力工业发展前景的方法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33051/2500-2325-2021-4-8-19
E. Grabchak
The article outlines possible approaches to determining the prospects for the development of the electric power industry on the basis of organizational and technological platforms and intersectoral balances compiled using the input-output method. The analysis of forecasting and planning systems for the development of the Russian electric power industry is given. The multiplicative effect of the influence of the electric power industry on the development of branches of the real sector of the economy is presented. Based on the input-output method approaches are formulated to determine the spatial directions based on the regional markets of thermal electric energy and technological development of the electric power industry.
本文概述了根据组织和技术平台以及使用投入产出法编制的部门间平衡来确定电力工业发展前景的可能方法。对俄罗斯电力工业发展的预测和规划系统进行了分析。提出了电力工业对实体经济各部门发展的影响的乘数效应。在投入产出法的基础上,提出了基于区域热电能源市场和电力工业技术发展的空间方向确定方法。
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引用次数: 0
Remote tax controlling in the digital economy as a necessary time requirement for optimizing the activities of tax authorities 数字经济下的远程税控是优化税务机关活动的必然时间要求
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33051/2500-2325-2020-3-155-164
T. Deeva
The subject/topic. The article is devoted to the consideration of a new form of tax controlling, its transition to a qualitatively new level with emphasis on the benefits of the remote format of tax controlling in the context of digitalization of economic activity, as well as its impact on improving the work of tax authorities. Goals/objectives. The aim of the work is to disclose the essence of the concepts of «digital economy» and «remote tax controlling» and the advantages of using it to optimize the activities of tax authorities dictated by the trend of the times. Method-ology. The author’s definition of the concept of «digital economy» is given, a comparative analysis of the advantages of full-time and remote forms of tax controlling is developed and presented, the goals of modernizing the tax system are given; the advantages of working in priority areas for identifying the reserves of the tax potential of the country's budget are described. Results. The conclusion is made about the need to optimize the activities of tax authorities. The main advantages of using such a tool as remote tax controlling are highlighted. It was added that such a measure would also be an excellent solution both in order to achieve a balanced and stable territorial budget, and to reduce interregional differences in the level and quality of life of Russians. The paper also discloses a list of information technologies implemented in the activities of the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation and de-scribes the benefits of switching to digital accounting methods. Conclusions/significance. The necessity of the transition to the method of remote tax con-trolling is substantiated, which facilitates the work of specialists in particular and regulatory authorities in general. A number of advantages are described when implementing this tool, including temporary savings, and an increase in the reliability and completeness of the data obtained. Application. The remote tax controlling tool considered in the article can be used both to improve the strategies of the executive authorities and to improve control over the implementation of national projects of the Russian Federation.
研究课题。本文致力于考虑一种新的税控形式,它向一个质的新水平过渡,重点是在经济活动数字化的背景下远程税控形式的好处,以及它对提高税务机关工作的影响。目标/目标。这项工作的目的是揭示“数字经济”和“远程税收控制”概念的本质,以及利用它来优化时代趋势下税务机关活动的优势。Method-ology。对“数字经济”的概念进行了界定,对全时税控和远程税控的优势进行了比较分析,提出了税收制度现代化的目标;介绍了在确定国家预算税收潜力储备的优先领域开展工作的优点。结果。最后得出了优化税务机关活动的必要性。强调了使用远程税收控制等工具的主要优点。有人补充说,这种措施也是一个极好的解决办法,既可以实现平衡和稳定的领土预算,又可以减少俄罗斯人生活水平和质量的区域间差异。该文件还披露了俄罗斯联邦税务局活动中实施的信息技术清单,并描述了转向数字会计方法的好处。结论/意义。过渡到远程税收控制方法的必要性得到证实,这有利于专家的工作,特别是一般的监管当局。在实现该工具时,描述了许多优点,包括临时节省,以及所获得数据的可靠性和完整性的提高。应用程序。本文中考虑的远程税收控制工具既可以用来改进行政当局的战略,也可以用来改进对俄罗斯联邦国家项目实施的控制。
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引用次数: 0
The Power of Utopia 乌托邦的力量
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33051/2500-2325-2021-3-21-27
N. Petrakov
The article is a preface to the book by Petrakov N.Ya. Russian Roulette: an economic experiment at the cost of 150 million lives. It reflects a century-long period of development of our country. An objective diagnosis of the state of the economy, politics, demography is given. It is concluded that political, economic and social experiments had negative consequences in the fate of Russia and its people. The question is raised about the further scenario of the development of events.
这篇文章是彼得拉科夫·N.Ya写的书的序言。俄罗斯轮盘赌:以1.5亿人的生命为代价的经济实验。它反映了我国长达一个世纪的发展历程。对经济、政治、人口状况作出了客观的诊断。结论是,政治、经济和社会实验对俄罗斯及其人民的命运产生了负面影响。问题是关于事态发展的进一步设想。
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引用次数: 0
The key aspects of smart contract and its use in the modern world. Prospects for the development of a «smart contract» in the context of the formation of digitalization 智能合约的关键方面及其在现代世界中的应用。在数字化形成的背景下,“智能合约”的发展前景
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33051/2500-2325-2021-4-72-82
Elena V. Prudius
The rapid spread of digital technologies, namely – innovative technologies, has set the trajectories for the development of a new stage in the economy of the information society. Such growth is closely related to the emergence of new ways of doing business, new ways of concluding contracts and fulfilling contractual obligations, new forms of existence of contracts and new contractual structures. Thus, there is a need to form a new regulatory environment that provides a favorable legal regime for the emergence and development of modern technologies, as well as for the implementation of economic activities related to their use. Of particular importance in this case is the conclusion of transactions in electronic form. One of the varieties of such transactions can be called a smart contract, which has long been actively distributed in foreign countries, but is not used so often in the Russian Federation. The main reason for the low number of such «smart» contracts is that the legislator has practically not paid attention to the legal regulation of this category. The purpose of the work is to analyze smart contracts, identify problems in their application and propose solutions to the current situation. The following methods were used: historical, comparative law, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis. The author came to the conclusion that there is no legal definition of smart contracts and the specifics of its conclusion in the current legislation. Cryptocurrency is also closely related to smart contracts, which is also not fully regulated. In this regard, the author suggests ways to solve the identified problems.
数字技术,即创新技术的迅速普及,为信息社会经济发展的新阶段奠定了基础。这种增长与新的经营方式、订立合同和履行合同义务的新方式、合同存在的新形式和新的合同结构的出现密切相关。因此,有必要形成一种新的管理环境,为现代技术的出现和发展以及与这些技术的使用有关的经济活动的实施提供有利的法律制度。在这种情况下,特别重要的是以电子形式完成交易。这种交易的一种类型可以被称为智能合约,它在国外长期活跃分布,但在俄罗斯联邦并不经常使用。这种“智能”合约数量少的主要原因是立法者实际上没有关注这一类别的法律监管。这项工作的目的是分析智能合约,识别其应用中的问题,并针对当前情况提出解决方案。运用了史学、比较法、归纳与演绎、分析与综合等方法。作者得出结论,目前立法中没有智能合约的法律定义及其结论的具体内容。加密货币也与智能合约密切相关,智能合约也没有得到充分监管。在这方面,作者提出了解决已发现问题的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Transformation of intellectual property management models for high-tech companies amid sanctions and the COVID-19 pandemic 在制裁和新冠疫情背景下,高科技企业知识产权管理模式的转变
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33051/2500-2325-2021-1-120-130
Ju A Romanova, A. Kokurina
Subject/topic. The article is devoted to the study of the issues of transformation of models of intellectual property management of high-tech companies in the context of sanctions and the COVID-19 pandemic. The relevance of this publication is due to the high theoretical, methodological and practical significance of a comprehensive study of the issues of intellectual property management of high-tech companies in the digital era. Research results. The publication reveals issues related to the current transformation of models of intellectual property (IP) management of high-tech companies in the context of sanctions and the COVID-19 pandemic. An overview of the changes in the internal and external environment of intellectual property management of high-tech companies in the digital economy is carried out, it is stated that the great challenges of sanctions and pandemics have particularly acutely affected Russian high-tech companies. The main outlines of the transformation of models for managing the intellectual property of Russian high-tech companies. Conclusions. The article concludes that with the transformation of models for managing the intellectual property of companies in the high-tech sector while maintaining their basic set: there is a modernization of the integration model and the model of conducting, as well as a kind of renaissance of the licensing model in the management of intellectual property in the Russian high-tech market. The need for the early development and implementation of a digital national regulatory platform in the field of intellectual property and a unified distributed register of rights, similar to the database of registration of rights to real estate, as a tool for comprehensive cross-sector assistance in the management of intellectual property in the context of sanctions and the COVID-19 pandemic, is especially stated. Application. The materials of the publication can act as a source of decision-making on the formation or change of the strategy of intellectual property management of Russian companies in the high-tech sector, as well as the development of strategic initiatives in the field of development of digital intellectual property management systems.
学科/主题。本文主要研究制裁和新冠疫情背景下高新技术企业知识产权管理模式转型问题。本文的相关性是由于对数字时代高科技公司知识产权管理问题的全面研究具有很高的理论、方法和实践意义。研究的结果。该出版物揭示了在制裁和新冠肺炎大流行的背景下,当前高科技企业知识产权管理模式转变的相关问题。概述了数字经济中高科技公司知识产权管理内部和外部环境的变化,指出制裁和大流行病的巨大挑战对俄罗斯高科技公司的影响尤为严重。主要概述了俄罗斯高新技术企业知识产权管理模式的转变。结论。文章认为,随着高新技术企业知识产权管理模式的转变,在保持企业基本设置的前提下,俄罗斯高新技术市场知识产权管理出现了整合模式和经营模式的现代化,出现了许可模式的复兴。特别指出,有必要尽早开发和实施知识产权领域的数字国家监管平台和统一的分布式权利登记册,类似于不动产权利登记数据库,作为在制裁和2019冠状病毒病疫情背景下跨部门全面协助知识产权管理的工具。应用程序。该出版物的材料可以作为俄罗斯高科技领域公司知识产权管理战略形成或变化的决策来源,以及制定数字知识产权管理系统发展领域的战略举措。
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引用次数: 0
Problems of ensuring Russia's food security in the context of global challenges and threats 在全球挑战和威胁的背景下确保俄罗斯粮食安全的问题
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33051/2500-2325-2021-3-131-147
A. Anishchenko
Subject/topic. The article presents the results of the analysis of the country's food security, identifies problems. The purpose of the work is to analyze the system of ensuring food security in Russia and identify its main problems in the context of global challenges and threats. Methodology. The reliability of the results of the conducted research is ensured by the correctness of the construction of the logic and scheme of the study. As a methodological basis were used the scientific and applied results of research by Russian and foreign scientists in the areas of ensuring food security, problems of import substitution and building the potential of the agro-industrial complex. The information base of the study includes data from the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, the World Trade Organization and regulatory legal acts; materials of state statistics bodies, etc. Conclusions/significance. As a result of the conducted scientific research, the following conclusions were made that having the world's largest natural resources, Russia consumes resources 8 times less than the United States and Europe, while not being able to meet the population's demand for food products at the expense of its own production, making up for the lack of them with large-scale imports, even those types of food that can be produced independently in sufficient quantities. It was noted that over the past 20 years, by the end of 2020, the volume of exports of food and agricultural raw materials exceeded imports, however, it is impossible to speak with full confidence about ensuring food security in Russia since there are a number of systemic problems. At the same time, the adoption of the Food Security Doctrine and other regulatory documents providing socio-economic support for the village and the intensification of agricultural production had, to a certain extent, a positive impact, but the achieved level of food security is insufficient to consider the problem of independence close to a solution. A decrease in the income of the population and an increase in the price of food lead to a lower supply of food products to the population, due to a decrease in their economic accessibility, as well as to an increase in the share of food costs in the total expenditures of the population. There is a tendency to reduce the physical availability of food due to the transformation of channels and methods of selling products. In general, the thresholds set by the Doctrine in 2020 were reached for vegetable oil (61,7 percentage points higher), grain (+11 percentage points) and meat and meat products (+9 percentage points). Below the threshold values are such categories of food products as: fruits and berries (-22,6 pp.), fish and fish products (-16,8 pp.), sugar (-8,7 pp.), vegetables and melons (-4,4 pp.), milk and dairy products (-0,7 pp.). In the Global Food Security Index, Russia is in 24th place in terms of food availability, in terms of their quality and safety – the
学科/主题。文章提出了对我国粮食安全的分析结果,指出了存在的问题。这项工作的目的是分析确保俄罗斯粮食安全的系统,并在全球挑战和威胁的背景下确定其主要问题。方法。所进行的研究结果的可靠性是由研究的逻辑和方案结构的正确性来保证的。作为方法基础,俄罗斯和外国科学家在确保粮食安全、进口替代问题和建立农工综合体潜力等领域的科学和应用研究成果得到了利用。本研究的信息库包括来自俄罗斯联邦农业部、世界贸易组织和规范性法律文件的数据;国家统计机构资料等。结论/意义。经过科学研究,得出以下结论:俄罗斯拥有世界上最大的自然资源,但其消耗的资源比美国和欧洲少8倍,而不能以牺牲自己的生产来满足人口对食品的需求,即使是那些能够独立生产足够数量的食品,也要通过大规模进口来弥补。有人指出,在过去的20年里,到2020年底,食品和农业原材料的出口量超过了进口量,但是,由于存在一些系统性问题,因此不可能对确保俄罗斯的粮食安全充满信心。同时,《粮食安全原则》和其他规范性文件的通过,为村庄提供社会经济支持和农业生产的集约化,在一定程度上产生了积极影响,但实现的粮食安全水平不足以认为独立问题接近解决。人口收入的减少和粮食价格的上涨导致向人口提供的粮食产品减少,因为他们在经济上的可获得性下降,以及粮食成本在人口总支出中所占的份额增加。由于销售产品的渠道和方法的转变,有一种减少食品实物供应的趋势。总体而言,植物油(高出61.7个百分点)、谷物(高出11个百分点)和肉类及肉制品(高出9个百分点)在2020年达到了原则设定的阈值。低于阈值的食品类别包括:水果和浆果(-22,6页)、鱼和鱼制品(-16,8页)、糖(-8,7页)、蔬菜和瓜类(-4,4页)、牛奶和乳制品(-0,7页)。在全球食品安全指数中,俄罗斯在食品供应方面排名第24位,在质量和安全方面排名第30位。此外,从评级来看,科研开发实际上不发达,农业基础设施不发达,还有政治和社会障碍。在食物供应方面,俄罗斯排在第20位(87.2分)。我们认为,考虑到农业生产领域的生产潜力,即使在粮食安全方面进入前十,对俄罗斯来说也是不够的。在这种情况下,明智的做法是根据以下三种主要方法,研究和实施确保粮食安全的国际经验的最佳做法:保护主义(日本、挪威)-保护国内生产;中间(欧盟国家)-确保欧盟内部的粮食安全;出口导向型(美国)——在国内市场产品饱和的情况下补贴出口。这一方向的研究是在进一步深化所研究问题的框架内进行的。应用程序。获得的研究结果可以被当局和管理部门用作在确保国家粮食安全领域做出管理和业务决策的理论和实践基础。
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引用次数: 1
The current crisis – is the manifestation of the macroeconomic synchronization of nonlinear quasi-harmonic oscillations 当前的危机-是宏观经济同步非线性准谐波振荡的表现
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33051/2500-2325-2019-4-059-071
Nikolaj V. Lyasnikov, D. Usmanov
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引用次数: 0
Classification of threats to the economic security of the oil industry development 对石油工业发展的经济安全威胁进行了分类
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33051/2500-2325-2021-3-148-157
A. Lapin
Subject/topic. The article is devoted to the methodology of ensuring the economic security of the oil industry and the sustainable development of the oil and petroleum products market. The subject of the study is the analysis of threats to the industry market and the grounds for their classification. Goals/objectives. Based on the analysis of threats to Russia's economic security in the oil sector, it is possible to identify existing approaches to their classification and justify the need for a systematic approach to the sustainable development of the oil industry, the oil and petroleum products market. Methodology. The methodological basis of the article consists of general scientific methods-synthesis, deduction. In the course of the study of threats to the development of the oil industry, event-based and economic-legal analysis, as well as expert, structural and statistical analysis were applied. Results. The article analyzes various conditions and factors that create the possibility of causing damage to the oil industry of the Russian Federation. Based on expert analysis, available strategic planning documents in the field of ensuring national, economic and energy security, macroeconomic data on the oil and petroleum products market and scientific publications in the field of development of the domestic oil industry, the author's proposals are presented, specifically recommendations for identifying and systematizing threats to the economic security of the oil industry and the sustainable development of the oil and petroleum products market in order to conduct a balanced state policy and implement national interests in relation to the oil industry. Conclusions/significance. The novelty consists in the formulation of the concepts of «threat», «challenge» and «risk» and their distinctive features; in identifying the grounds for classifying threats in the oil sphere of relations. As a result of the study, the grounds for classification were proposed according to the source of the impact, depending on the operating conditions of the oil sector, the nature of the threat, depending on the scope of their implementation, and the scale of the impact of the threats. Application. The results of the study can be applied in practical terms when making managerial decisions by officials of state authorities on the implementation of the state's economic policy for the sustainable development of the oil industry.
学科/主题。本文探讨了保障石油工业经济安全和石油及成品油市场可持续发展的方法。本研究的主题是分析对行业市场的威胁及其分类的依据。目标/目标。根据对俄罗斯石油部门经济安全威胁的分析,可以确定现有的分类方法,并证明需要采用系统方法来实现石油工业、石油和石油产品市场的可持续发展。方法。本文的方法论基础是一般的科学方法——综合、演绎。在研究石油工业发展威胁的过程中,运用了事件分析和经济法律分析,以及专家分析、结构分析和统计分析。结果。文章分析了可能对俄罗斯联邦石油工业造成损害的各种条件和因素。根据专家分析、现有保障国家、经济和能源安全战略规划文件、石油和成品油市场宏观经济数据以及国内石油工业发展方面的科学出版物,提出了笔者的建议。为实施平衡的国家政策和实现与石油工业有关的国家利益,对石油工业经济安全和石油及石油产品市场可持续发展的威胁进行识别和系统化的具体建议。结论/意义。新颖性在于“威胁”、“挑战”和“风险”概念的形成及其特征;在确定对石油关系领域的威胁进行分类的理由方面。研究的结果是,根据影响的来源,根据石油部门的经营条件,根据威胁的性质,根据其实施的范围,以及根据威胁影响的规模,提出了分类的依据。应用程序。这项研究的结果可以在实际中应用于国家当局官员就实施国家经济政策以促进石油工业的可持续发展做出管理决策时。
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引用次数: 0
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Market economy problems
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