Pub Date : 2023-06-09DOI: 10.1163/15685365-bja10047
Manuel Nägele
The lexeme νοῦς has received little attention in Pauline exegesis. The few relevant studies on Paul’s use of νοῦς rely solely on Josephus’ use of the term. In order to overcome this one-sidedness, this article understands νοῦς against both a Jewish-Hellenistic and a Graeco-Roman horizon by grasping the range of its meaning in terms of a semantic frame. From there it becomes clear that Paul uses the word in the sense of a psychic faculty and not in the sense of a single thought—a conclusion that is quite different from those of former approaches, which contend that he means both at the same time. These insights will be illustrated by Paul’s use of the lexeme in the opening chapters of 1 Corinthians.
νο ο ς这个词在保罗的注释中很少受到关注。关于保罗使用νο ο ς的少数相关研究完全依赖于约瑟夫斯对该术语的使用。为了克服这种片面性，本文通过从语义框架的角度把握νο ο ς的意义范围，从犹太-希腊化和希腊-罗马两种视域来理解νο ο ς。从这里我们可以清楚地看出，保罗使用这个词是在一种精神能力的意义上，而不是在一个单一的思想的意义上——这一结论与之前的方法有很大的不同，后者认为他同时意味着这两种能力。这些见解将通过保罗在哥林多前书开头几章中对词素的使用来说明。
{"title":"Paul’s Usage of the Anthropological Term νοῦς","authors":"Manuel Nägele","doi":"10.1163/15685365-bja10047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685365-bja10047","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The lexeme νοῦς has received little attention in Pauline exegesis. The few relevant studies on Paul’s use of νοῦς rely solely on Josephus’ use of the term. In order to overcome this one-sidedness, this article understands νοῦς against both a Jewish-Hellenistic and a Graeco-Roman horizon by grasping the range of its meaning in terms of a semantic frame. From there it becomes clear that Paul uses the word in the sense of a psychic faculty and not in the sense of a single thought—a conclusion that is quite different from those of former approaches, which contend that he means both at the same time. These insights will be illustrated by Paul’s use of the lexeme in the opening chapters of 1 Corinthians.","PeriodicalId":19319,"journal":{"name":"Novum Testamentum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45301509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-09DOI: 10.1163/15685365-bja10051
M. W. Martin, J. Whitlark
This study interprets the numerous veiled references of Hebrews 13:7–14 against the general problem addressed in the body of the speech, namely, the temptation to apostasy posed by the idolatrous, imperial culture. Specifically, the authors of this study argue that Heb 13:9 warns against idolatry and allegiance to pagan, imperial power broadly, and that the whole of 13:7–14 is a summons to embrace suffering by rejecting such identification in view of God’s promised future. Βρώματα, the authors argue, is shorthand for foods associated with pagan tables and imperial largesse. βεβαιοῦσθαι τὴν καρδίαν is an expression commonly used to depict literal nourishment, and in contexts where hunger was a real threat. Due to the perennial problems of food scarcity and chronic hunger, and to the critical role that foods derived from pagan and imperial sources played in alleviating these problems, the recipients of Hebrews likely were tempted to eat of these foods.
本研究解释了希伯来书13:7-14中许多隐晦的参考文献，以反对演讲正文中提到的一般问题，即拜偶像的帝国文化所带来的叛教诱惑。具体地说，本研究的作者认为，希伯来书13:9警告人们不要盲目崇拜偶像，要广泛地效忠异教和皇权，整个13:7-14都是在召唤人们接受苦难，拒绝这种认同，因为上帝应许的未来。作者认为，Βρώματα是与异教徒的餐桌和帝国的慷慨有关的食物的缩写。βεβαιο ο ο ο σθαι τ ν καρδ榆树αν是一个通常用来描述字面上的营养的表达，在饥饿是一个真正的威胁的情况下。由于长期存在的食物短缺和长期的饥饿问题，以及来自异教和帝国的食物在缓解这些问题方面发挥的关键作用，希伯来书的接受者很可能被诱惑吃这些食物。
{"title":"Strengthened by Grace and Not by Foods","authors":"M. W. Martin, J. Whitlark","doi":"10.1163/15685365-bja10051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685365-bja10051","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study interprets the numerous veiled references of Hebrews 13:7–14 against the general problem addressed in the body of the speech, namely, the temptation to apostasy posed by the idolatrous, imperial culture. Specifically, the authors of this study argue that Heb 13:9 warns against idolatry and allegiance to pagan, imperial power broadly, and that the whole of 13:7–14 is a summons to embrace suffering by rejecting such identification in view of God’s promised future. Βρώματα, the authors argue, is shorthand for foods associated with pagan tables and imperial largesse. βεβαιοῦσθαι τὴν καρδίαν is an expression commonly used to depict literal nourishment, and in contexts where hunger was a real threat. Due to the perennial problems of food scarcity and chronic hunger, and to the critical role that foods derived from pagan and imperial sources played in alleviating these problems, the recipients of Hebrews likely were tempted to eat of these foods.","PeriodicalId":19319,"journal":{"name":"Novum Testamentum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46080330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-09DOI: 10.1163/15685365-bja10044
J. Coogan
The second-century philosopher Celsus disparaged Christians who “alter the original text of the Gospel three or four or many times” (Cels. 2.27). Scholars have understood this passage as a critique of multiple distinct Gospels, but Celsus’ invective is better explained by comparison with elite second-century polemics (e.g., Gellius, Lucian, Galen) against readers who lack discernment and arbitrarily alter manuscripts. For Celsus, Christians’ irresponsible textual practices reveal their cultural inferiority. The complaint is about varying copies of what Celsus thinks to be the same work: “the Gospel.” Christian thinkers in the second and third centuries—including Irenaeus, Tertullian, Origen, and the author(s) of the Little Labyrinth—also participate in this discourse about good and bad readers. This article thus illuminates the wider ancient Mediterranean politics of reading in which early Christian textuality emerged.
{"title":"Meddling with the Gospel","authors":"J. Coogan","doi":"10.1163/15685365-bja10044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685365-bja10044","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The second-century philosopher Celsus disparaged Christians who “alter the original text of the Gospel three or four or many times” (Cels. 2.27). Scholars have understood this passage as a critique of multiple distinct Gospels, but Celsus’ invective is better explained by comparison with elite second-century polemics (e.g., Gellius, Lucian, Galen) against readers who lack discernment and arbitrarily alter manuscripts. For Celsus, Christians’ irresponsible textual practices reveal their cultural inferiority. The complaint is about varying copies of what Celsus thinks to be the same work: “the Gospel.” Christian thinkers in the second and third centuries—including Irenaeus, Tertullian, Origen, and the author(s) of the Little Labyrinth—also participate in this discourse about good and bad readers. This article thus illuminates the wider ancient Mediterranean politics of reading in which early Christian textuality emerged.","PeriodicalId":19319,"journal":{"name":"Novum Testamentum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47322496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-09DOI: 10.1163/15685365-12341730
Karl-Heinrich Ostmeyer
{"title":"Der Erste Petrusbrief, written by Christoph Gregor Müller","authors":"Karl-Heinrich Ostmeyer","doi":"10.1163/15685365-12341730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685365-12341730","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19319,"journal":{"name":"Novum Testamentum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42625989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-09DOI: 10.1163/15685365-12341731
M. M. Mitchell, D. P. Moessner
Professor Peder Borgen served with distinction on the Board of Novum Testamentum for many years, including as President from 1995 to 2008. We remain grateful for his magnificent leadership that enhanced the level of scholarship as well as the stature of both the periodical and the Supplements to Novum Testamentum. His timely explorations of Philo’s thought and relationship to the New Testament presented a significant challenge to the previously “fixed” borders between Diaspora and Palestinian Judaisms and proved important in the reframing of that “division.” Professor Borgen exhibited a rare blend of stateliness with gentleness, a demeanor slightly formal, yet laced with the warmth of friendship and collegiality that evoked confidence and esprit de corps among the whole of the Board. One of his special gifts as president was his ability to engender a sense of the common tasks and curry a consensus on how those goals could be achieved. Peder especially enjoyed meeting people from many different backgrounds and points of view and forging new friendships that proved productive in advancing knowledge and promoting scholarly publications. Peder Johan Borgen was a giant in our midst; we shall miss him dearly.
{"title":"A Tribute to Peder Borgen (1928–2023) and his Legacy of Discovery in the Worlds of Early Judaism and Christianity","authors":"M. M. Mitchell, D. P. Moessner","doi":"10.1163/15685365-12341731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685365-12341731","url":null,"abstract":"Professor Peder Borgen served with distinction on the Board of Novum Testamentum for many years, including as President from 1995 to 2008. We remain grateful for his magnificent leadership that enhanced the level of scholarship as well as the stature of both the periodical and the Supplements to Novum Testamentum. His timely explorations of Philo’s thought and relationship to the New Testament presented a significant challenge to the previously “fixed” borders between Diaspora and Palestinian Judaisms and proved important in the reframing of that “division.” Professor Borgen exhibited a rare blend of stateliness with gentleness, a demeanor slightly formal, yet laced with the warmth of friendship and collegiality that evoked confidence and esprit de corps among the whole of the Board. One of his special gifts as president was his ability to engender a sense of the common tasks and curry a consensus on how those goals could be achieved. Peder especially enjoyed meeting people from many different backgrounds and points of view and forging new friendships that proved productive in advancing knowledge and promoting scholarly publications. Peder Johan Borgen was a giant in our midst; we shall miss him dearly.","PeriodicalId":19319,"journal":{"name":"Novum Testamentum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44293295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-09DOI: 10.1163/15685365-bja10048
Heiko Wojtkowiak
In studies of the socio-economic composition of the church in Corinth, 2 Cor 8–9 are rarely considered. However, it is precisely these chapters that are instructive, since Paul addresses the entire community with a financial need, and, in order to succeed, the economic situation of the whole community must be taken into account. In these chapters, the apostle justifies and motivates his plea with reference to the material abundance of his audience and assumes that all church members are able to participate in giving. This supports the thesis, which is widespread in recent research, that the community is not primarily made up of the lowest, but rather the middle, and perhaps upper, social classes.
{"title":"Der „Reichtum“ der Korinther und die paulinische Kollekte","authors":"Heiko Wojtkowiak","doi":"10.1163/15685365-bja10048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685365-bja10048","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In studies of the socio-economic composition of the church in Corinth, 2 Cor 8–9 are rarely considered. However, it is precisely these chapters that are instructive, since Paul addresses the entire community with a financial need, and, in order to succeed, the economic situation of the whole community must be taken into account. In these chapters, the apostle justifies and motivates his plea with reference to the material abundance of his audience and assumes that all church members are able to participate in giving. This supports the thesis, which is widespread in recent research, that the community is not primarily made up of the lowest, but rather the middle, and perhaps upper, social classes.","PeriodicalId":19319,"journal":{"name":"Novum Testamentum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42287806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1163/15685365-12341723
Angela Standhartinger
{"title":"Abject Joy: Paul, Prison, and the Art of Making Do, written by Ryan Schellenberg","authors":"Angela Standhartinger","doi":"10.1163/15685365-12341723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685365-12341723","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19319,"journal":{"name":"Novum Testamentum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42975704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1163/15685365-12341726
Andreas Märs, Tommy Wasserman
LXX editor Alfred Rahlfs assumed that the scriptural citations in the NT had influenced the LXX. Text-critics of the NT have suggested that the influence primarily went in the other direction. More recent research suggests that the two textual traditions were transmitted independently of each other. This article studies harmonization by examining the relevant passages in LXX (source-text) and NT (citation) in manuscripts where both texts are extant and sometimes copied by the same scribe. Did these scribes harmonize in one direction or the other? This examination of Matthew’s unique Fulfillment Citations and their sources in the three pandects, Codices Alexandrinus, Vaticanus and Sinaiticus, suggests that these scribes have rarely harmonized the text. The result shows that Vaticanus and Sinaiticus reflect less harmonization (and more negative evidence) than Alexandrinus, whereas a specific early corrector of Sinaiticus (Ca) occasionally harmonized the LXX to the NT. This confirms that the two traditions have remained largely independent. However, in all detected cases of possible or probable harmonization, the LXX text was harmonized to the NT, which supports Rahlfs’s position.
{"title":"Scribal Harmonization and Matthew’s Fulfillment Citations in Codices Alexandrinus, Vaticanus, and Sinaiticus","authors":"Andreas Märs, Tommy Wasserman","doi":"10.1163/15685365-12341726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685365-12341726","url":null,"abstract":"LXX editor Alfred Rahlfs assumed that the scriptural citations in the NT had influenced the LXX. Text-critics of the NT have suggested that the influence primarily went in the other direction. More recent research suggests that the two textual traditions were transmitted independently of each other. This article studies harmonization by examining the relevant passages in LXX (source-text) and NT (citation) in manuscripts where both texts are extant and sometimes copied by the same scribe. Did these scribes harmonize in one direction or the other? This examination of Matthew’s unique Fulfillment Citations and their sources in the three pandects, Codices Alexandrinus, Vaticanus and Sinaiticus, suggests that these scribes have rarely harmonized the text. The result shows that Vaticanus and Sinaiticus reflect less harmonization (and more negative evidence) than Alexandrinus, whereas a specific early corrector of Sinaiticus (Ca) occasionally harmonized the LXX to the NT. This confirms that the two traditions have remained largely independent. However, in all detected cases of possible or probable harmonization, the LXX text was harmonized to the NT, which supports Rahlfs’s position.","PeriodicalId":19319,"journal":{"name":"Novum Testamentum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48558559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1163/15685365-bja10039
Matthew J. Klem
Wayne Meeks argues that Philo’s presentation of Moses as king, prophet, and priest in De vita Mosis may reflect the traditions lying behind the Fourth Gospel’s depiction of Jesus as both prophet and king. This article proposes more specific parallels between the prophetic roles in De vita Mosis and the Gospel. First, the water miracle at the wedding in Cana (John 2:1–11) has substantial similarities to Philo’s rewriting of Moses’s water miracles in the wilderness (Mos. 1.181–213) that are not shared by the LXX (Exod 15, 17). Second, both the Gospel and Philo assign to the prophetic office a close proximity to the divine. Third, in both the Gospel and Philo, the prophet is a heavenly revealer who returns to the Father. Philo thus helps explain Jesus’s prophetic role in the Fourth Gospel, not simply regarding the merging of prophet with king, but also regarding the particular form that prophecy takes.
{"title":"Prophecy in Philo and the Fourth Gospel","authors":"Matthew J. Klem","doi":"10.1163/15685365-bja10039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685365-bja10039","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Wayne Meeks argues that Philo’s presentation of Moses as king, prophet, and priest in De vita Mosis may reflect the traditions lying behind the Fourth Gospel’s depiction of Jesus as both prophet and king. This article proposes more specific parallels between the prophetic roles in De vita Mosis and the Gospel. First, the water miracle at the wedding in Cana (John 2:1–11) has substantial similarities to Philo’s rewriting of Moses’s water miracles in the wilderness (Mos. 1.181–213) that are not shared by the LXX (Exod 15, 17). Second, both the Gospel and Philo assign to the prophetic office a close proximity to the divine. Third, in both the Gospel and Philo, the prophet is a heavenly revealer who returns to the Father. Philo thus helps explain Jesus’s prophetic role in the Fourth Gospel, not simply regarding the merging of prophet with king, but also regarding the particular form that prophecy takes.","PeriodicalId":19319,"journal":{"name":"Novum Testamentum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41699871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1163/15685365-12341728
Alan R. Kirk
{"title":"Gedächtnistheorie und Neues Testament: Eine methodisch-hermeneutische Einführung, written by Sandra Huebenthal","authors":"Alan R. Kirk","doi":"10.1163/15685365-12341728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685365-12341728","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19319,"journal":{"name":"Novum Testamentum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48055592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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