Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1163/15685365-bja10057
Mikhail Seleznev
Abstract This article explores the usage of plural νόμοι versus singular νόμος throughout the whole corpus of the Greek Bible. Obviously, the singular is predominant. If we put aside later variants and textual traditions, the rare passages where the plural νόμοι is used (in Proverbs, Jeremiah, Esther, and 2 Maccabees) mutually elucidate each other: the plural occurs where the translators wanted to stress that the law(s) in question should be distinguished from the Torah. With respect to Jer 31:31–34 ( LXX 38:31–34) and the quotations from it in Hebrews, the article demonstrates that the plural νόμοι in the LXX cannot be explained by the Vorlage , as many modern researchers suggest, but was a conscious device used by the LXX translator. The aim of the translator, followed by the author of Hebrews, was to stress the distinction between the Law of Moses and the Laws of the New Covenant.
本文探讨了在整个希腊文圣经语料库中，复数ν ο μοι与单数ν ο μος的用法。显然，单数占主导地位。如果我们撇开后来的变体和文本传统不提，使用复数ν ο οι的罕见段落(在箴言、耶利米书、以斯帖书和马加比书中)相互阐明:复数出现在翻译者想要强调有问题的律法应该与Torah区分开来的地方。关于耶利米书31:31-34 (LXX书38:31-34)及其在希伯来书中的引文，文章表明，正如许多现代研究人员所认为的那样，LXX中的复数ν ν μοι不能被Vorlage解释，而是LXX译者有意识地使用的一种手段。希伯来书作者和译者的目的是强调摩西律法和新约律法之间的区别。
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Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1163/15685365-12341732
M. Eugene Boring
{"title":"Das Evangelium in einem rhetorischen Brief: Ein Kommentar zum 1. Thessalonicherbrief, written by Ulrich Mell","authors":"M. Eugene Boring","doi":"10.1163/15685365-12341732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685365-12341732","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19319,"journal":{"name":"Novum Testamentum","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135886564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1163/15685365-12341729
David du Toit
{"title":"Collected Essays on the Greek Bible and Greek Lexicography, written by John A. Lee","authors":"David du Toit","doi":"10.1163/15685365-12341729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685365-12341729","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19319,"journal":{"name":"Novum Testamentum","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135886580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1163/15685365-12341733
Ulrich Huttner
{"title":"Colossae, Colossians, Philemon: The Interface, written by Alan H. Cadwallader","authors":"Ulrich Huttner","doi":"10.1163/15685365-12341733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685365-12341733","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19319,"journal":{"name":"Novum Testamentum","volume":"532 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135886584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1163/15685365-bja10046
Francesco Bianchini
Abstract In this contribution the author will proceed in three steps. First, he will raise questions about the various rhetorical approaches one might follow in order to study the argumentative development of Galatians, considering the different methodological options. Second, he will offer a survey of existing rhetorical research on Galatians. Then he will seek to outline the argumentative structure and development of Galatians, in order to understand what is really at stake in this Pauline letter. At the end it will be proven that the literary rhetorical approach in studying Galatians is highly useful for a deep understanding of the text of the letter and its aim: Paul wants to re-evangelise the addressees.
{"title":"Τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τὸ εὐαγγελισθὲν ὑπ’ ἐμοῦ (Gal 1:11)","authors":"Francesco Bianchini","doi":"10.1163/15685365-bja10046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685365-bja10046","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this contribution the author will proceed in three steps. First, he will raise questions about the various rhetorical approaches one might follow in order to study the argumentative development of Galatians, considering the different methodological options. Second, he will offer a survey of existing rhetorical research on Galatians. Then he will seek to outline the argumentative structure and development of Galatians, in order to understand what is really at stake in this Pauline letter. At the end it will be proven that the literary rhetorical approach in studying Galatians is highly useful for a deep understanding of the text of the letter and its aim: Paul wants to re-evangelise the addressees.","PeriodicalId":19319,"journal":{"name":"Novum Testamentum","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135886579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1163/15685365-bja10056
Hector M. Patmore
Abstract A consensus of opinion exists among scholars that Paul appears to contradict himself in 1 Cor 10:17–22: on the one hand, he makes clear that idols have no existence beyond the material objects themselves ; on the other hand, he appears to warn the Corinthians that they are exposing themselves to a dangerous metaphysical reality, namely demons (i.e., evil supernatural beings), by taking part in pagan cults. This supposed non sequitur is generally resolved by claiming that Paul adheres to two Jewish traditions simultaneously. The Jewish witnesses, however, do not support such a conclusion. In fact, the Jewish sources offer an alternative solution to this supposed problem, namely that Paul uses the word δαιμόνια to designate foreign gods to which he attributes no metaphysical reality. In short, there are no demons involved. As such, he maintains a biblical position : even if the idols are nothing but wood and stone, idolatry is forbidden.
{"title":"Les démons étaient-ils vraiment le problème à Corinthe ?","authors":"Hector M. Patmore","doi":"10.1163/15685365-bja10056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685365-bja10056","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A consensus of opinion exists among scholars that Paul appears to contradict himself in 1 Cor 10:17–22: on the one hand, he makes clear that idols have no existence beyond the material objects themselves ; on the other hand, he appears to warn the Corinthians that they are exposing themselves to a dangerous metaphysical reality, namely demons (i.e., evil supernatural beings), by taking part in pagan cults. This supposed non sequitur is generally resolved by claiming that Paul adheres to two Jewish traditions simultaneously. The Jewish witnesses, however, do not support such a conclusion. In fact, the Jewish sources offer an alternative solution to this supposed problem, namely that Paul uses the word δαιμόνια to designate foreign gods to which he attributes no metaphysical reality. In short, there are no demons involved. As such, he maintains a biblical position : even if the idols are nothing but wood and stone, idolatry is forbidden.","PeriodicalId":19319,"journal":{"name":"Novum Testamentum","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135886573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1163/15685365-bja10049
UnChan Jung
Abstract Pauline scholars have long analysed the Jerusalem collection described in 1 Cor 16:1–4, 2 Cor 8–9 and Rom 15:25–29 to unveil Paul’s motivations, but only recently have they considered the economic implications and ramifications of the long-distance gift. Some have tried to associate the long-distance gift with several socio-economic contexts, such as economic inequality, prevalent poverty, patronage and/or gift exchange. This article, however, brings economic fluctuations to the fore to explicate 2 Cor 8:1–15 (esp. vv. 10–15), arguing that Paul’s chief rhetorical inducement to the Corinthians is the practical benefit of increasing their long-term resilience and survivability against the mutable economies facing most ordinary people through balanced exchanges among those of various economic statuses.
{"title":"Reciprocity and High Resilience against Economic Fluctuations","authors":"UnChan Jung","doi":"10.1163/15685365-bja10049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685365-bja10049","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pauline scholars have long analysed the Jerusalem collection described in 1 Cor 16:1–4, 2 Cor 8–9 and Rom 15:25–29 to unveil Paul’s motivations, but only recently have they considered the economic implications and ramifications of the long-distance gift. Some have tried to associate the long-distance gift with several socio-economic contexts, such as economic inequality, prevalent poverty, patronage and/or gift exchange. This article, however, brings economic fluctuations to the fore to explicate 2 Cor 8:1–15 (esp. vv. 10–15), arguing that Paul’s chief rhetorical inducement to the Corinthians is the practical benefit of increasing their long-term resilience and survivability against the mutable economies facing most ordinary people through balanced exchanges among those of various economic statuses.","PeriodicalId":19319,"journal":{"name":"Novum Testamentum","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135886578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1163/15685365-bja10054
Sigurd Grindheim
Abstract The near consensus opinion that the author of Hebrews was not directly influenced by Philo needs to be reevaluated. Even though there are no obvious cases of borrowing, the cumulative weight of the evidence indicates a more linear relationship than what may be accounted for by situating them both within Hellenistic Judaism. A number of parallels are sufficiently detailed to suggest direct dependence. These parallels are of a formal character, such as the metaphor of the dagger and the particular use of the terms ὑπόστασις, ἀρχηγός, τελειόω, ἄθλησις, τεχνίτης , and δημιουργός , as well of a material nature, concerning the development of key ideas, such as the eternal nature of the Son, his Melchizedekian high-priesthood, and the perception of the heavenly sanctuary.
《希伯来书》作者没有受到斐罗的直接影响这一近乎一致的观点需要重新评估。尽管没有明显的借用案例，但证据的累积重量表明，两者之间的线性关系比将两者置于希腊化的犹太教中所能解释的更为明显。许多相似之处足够详细，足以表明它们之间有直接的依赖关系。这些相似之处具有形式特征，例如匕首的比喻和术语的特殊使用，如:ο πόστασις， τ ρ η ης， τελει ω， τ θλησις， τεχν ς和δημιο ργ ο ς，以及物质性质，涉及关键思想的发展，如圣子的永恒本性，他的麦基洗德式的大祭司，以及对天堂圣所的感知。
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Pub Date : 2023-06-09DOI: 10.1163/15685365-bja10052
J. M. Hubbard
Mark’s only direct reference to the reader of his Gospel (Mark 13:14) has long fascinated interpreters. But what kind of reading event is presumed in this authorial aside? This essay compares Mark 13:14 to similar interpretive asides from the commentarial traditions of ancient schools. Through analysis of relevant material from Epictetus, the author of this essay demonstrates that a reader’s comprehension of authoritative texts was a primary objective of ancient education. He further shows that the practice of drawing a reader’s attention to particular interpretive conundrums is well evidenced in ancient commentaries like Origen’s Commentary on Matthew and the commentaries of Philo. The author argues that this evidence from pedagogical reading events can fruitfully illuminate Mark 13:14, and can help us to theorize better about the social setting of Mark’s Gospel.
{"title":"“Let the Reader Understand”","authors":"J. M. Hubbard","doi":"10.1163/15685365-bja10052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685365-bja10052","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Mark’s only direct reference to the reader of his Gospel (Mark 13:14) has long fascinated interpreters. But what kind of reading event is presumed in this authorial aside? This essay compares Mark 13:14 to similar interpretive asides from the commentarial traditions of ancient schools. Through analysis of relevant material from Epictetus, the author of this essay demonstrates that a reader’s comprehension of authoritative texts was a primary objective of ancient education. He further shows that the practice of drawing a reader’s attention to particular interpretive conundrums is well evidenced in ancient commentaries like Origen’s Commentary on Matthew and the commentaries of Philo. The author argues that this evidence from pedagogical reading events can fruitfully illuminate Mark 13:14, and can help us to theorize better about the social setting of Mark’s Gospel.","PeriodicalId":19319,"journal":{"name":"Novum Testamentum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47371795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-09DOI: 10.1163/15685365-bja10050
H. Houghton, A. Myshrall
As part of work towards the Editio Critica Maior of Galatians, the use of the tools of the Coherence-Based Genealogical Method and the MrBayes phylogenetic software has led to the identification of three Greek New Testament manuscripts which are direct copies (Abschriften) of surviving documents. This article provides the evidence that GA 1930 is a copy of GA 1978, GA 1935 is a copy of GA 1987, and GA 1959 is a copy of GA 467. No conclusive proof has yet been identified to confirm whether or not GA 2423 is a copy of GA 1730, GA 506 is a copy of GA 203, GA 1837 is a copy of GA 326, GA 1988 is a copy of GA 1984, or GA 1753 is a copy of GA 2279. However, it appears that neither GA 254 and GA 1523 nor GA 0150 and GA 2110 are directly related. The conclusion offers further observations on the identification of Abschriften.
{"title":"Three Direct Copies and Other Closely Related Manuscripts of the Pauline Epistles","authors":"H. Houghton, A. Myshrall","doi":"10.1163/15685365-bja10050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685365-bja10050","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000As part of work towards the Editio Critica Maior of Galatians, the use of the tools of the Coherence-Based Genealogical Method and the MrBayes phylogenetic software has led to the identification of three Greek New Testament manuscripts which are direct copies (Abschriften) of surviving documents. This article provides the evidence that GA 1930 is a copy of GA 1978, GA 1935 is a copy of GA 1987, and GA 1959 is a copy of GA 467. No conclusive proof has yet been identified to confirm whether or not GA 2423 is a copy of GA 1730, GA 506 is a copy of GA 203, GA 1837 is a copy of GA 326, GA 1988 is a copy of GA 1984, or GA 1753 is a copy of GA 2279. However, it appears that neither GA 254 and GA 1523 nor GA 0150 and GA 2110 are directly related. The conclusion offers further observations on the identification of Abschriften.","PeriodicalId":19319,"journal":{"name":"Novum Testamentum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43752477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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