Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.1163/15685365-12341735
Thomas R. Hatina
The recent appropriation of social memory theory in Jesus studies has brought us to a fork in the road in relation to what is meant by a continuity of remembrances about Jesus. Currently, the common claim among many Jesus scholars is that the past of Jesus is knowable through or is contained within the memory process, not behind it or apart from it. Mnemonic processes and their text-products are regarded as a means to an historical end as opposed to being an end in and of themselves. The main problem presented in this article is that the pervading references to, and assumptions about, the mediated past as a potential link between the evangelists’ present and the actual past of Jesus lack the clarification and critical support that is needed for advancing historical Jesus research.
{"title":"Social Memory Theory and the Enigmatic Mediated Past in Historical Jesus Research","authors":"Thomas R. Hatina","doi":"10.1163/15685365-12341735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685365-12341735","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The recent appropriation of social memory theory in Jesus studies has brought us to a fork in the road in relation to what is meant by a continuity of remembrances about Jesus. Currently, the common claim among many Jesus scholars is that the past of Jesus is knowable through or is contained within the memory process, not behind it or apart from it. Mnemonic processes and their text-products are regarded as a means to an historical end as opposed to being an end in and of themselves. The main problem presented in this article is that the pervading references to, and assumptions about, the mediated past as a potential link between the evangelists’ present and the actual past of Jesus lack the clarification and critical support that is needed for advancing historical Jesus research.","PeriodicalId":19319,"journal":{"name":"Novum Testamentum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140251287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.1163/15685365-bja10064
John A. Davies
In 1 Thess 4:14 Paul has often been understood to teach that dead believers, who have been in heaven, will return to earth with Christ at the parousia. Others understand it of believers being transported to heaven. This article proposes a fresh understanding of the passage, informed by the OT and Second Temple background of God leading his people out of the realm of death and into life in his presence.
{"title":"Sleepers Led by God","authors":"John A. Davies","doi":"10.1163/15685365-bja10064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685365-bja10064","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In 1 Thess 4:14 Paul has often been understood to teach that dead believers, who have been in heaven, will return to earth with Christ at the parousia. Others understand it of believers being transported to heaven. This article proposes a fresh understanding of the passage, informed by the OT and Second Temple background of God leading his people out of the realm of death and into life in his presence.","PeriodicalId":19319,"journal":{"name":"Novum Testamentum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140252612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.1163/15685365-bja10065
Nils Neumann
Trembling with fear is a typically feminine phenomenon in the Gospel of Mark. The hermorrhaging woman as well as the women at the empty tomb tremble as they are afraid. Male characters, on the contrary, never tremble in Mark, although the male disciples frequently do exhibit fear. The present article explains these observations in the context of ancient medicine and philosophy of the body. Against this backdrop it is plausible that the women’s fearful trembling illustrates some form of embodied understanding of the divine presence that breaks into the earthly realm within the works of Jesus. This calls into question William Wrede’s contrasting juxtaposition of faith and fear in Mark.
{"title":"Frauen in Furcht","authors":"Nils Neumann","doi":"10.1163/15685365-bja10065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685365-bja10065","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Trembling with fear is a typically feminine phenomenon in the Gospel of Mark. The hermorrhaging woman as well as the women at the empty tomb tremble as they are afraid. Male characters, on the contrary, never tremble in Mark, although the male disciples frequently do exhibit fear. The present article explains these observations in the context of ancient medicine and philosophy of the body. Against this backdrop it is plausible that the women’s fearful trembling illustrates some form of embodied understanding of the divine presence that breaks into the earthly realm within the works of Jesus. This calls into question William Wrede’s contrasting juxtaposition of faith and fear in Mark.","PeriodicalId":19319,"journal":{"name":"Novum Testamentum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140253415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.1163/15685365-12341736
Simon Gathercole
This article will question the conventional view according to which 1 Thess 4:13–18 shows evidence of Paul’s Naherwartung. Although Paul’s expectation of an imminent end is usually assumed to be the default interpretation of 1 Thess 4:15, 17, it actually rests on certain presuppositions about the Greek syntax of these verses in two respects. First, the usual interpretation assumes εἰς τὴν παρουσίαν τοῦ κυρίου as functioning a certain way, although an alternative is equally possible. Secondly, a family of related alternative interpretations understands “who are left (to the Lord’s parousia)” as modifying “we, the living” in some sort of limiting way. After disentangling the proposed alternatives and evaluating the component interpretations, the article will show that there are in fact several plausible interpretations of 1 Thess 4:15, 17, of which the Naherwartung view is only one.
{"title":"Is There Imminent Expectation in 1 Thess 4:13–18?","authors":"Simon Gathercole","doi":"10.1163/15685365-12341736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685365-12341736","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article will question the conventional view according to which 1 Thess 4:13–18 shows evidence of Paul’s Naherwartung. Although Paul’s expectation of an imminent end is usually assumed to be the default interpretation of 1 Thess 4:15, 17, it actually rests on certain presuppositions about the Greek syntax of these verses in two respects. First, the usual interpretation assumes εἰς τὴν παρουσίαν τοῦ κυρίου as functioning a certain way, although an alternative is equally possible. Secondly, a family of related alternative interpretations understands “who are left (to the Lord’s parousia)” as modifying “we, the living” in some sort of limiting way. After disentangling the proposed alternatives and evaluating the component interpretations, the article will show that there are in fact several plausible interpretations of 1 Thess 4:15, 17, of which the Naherwartung view is only one.","PeriodicalId":19319,"journal":{"name":"Novum Testamentum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140253004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.1163/15685365-bja10060
C. Berglund
When a “royal official” (βασιλικός) urges Jesus to help his dying son, Jesus surprisingly retorts (John 4:48): “Unless you people see signs and wonders, you will never believe!” Researchers find this outburst out of place in response to a desperate father, but this article argues that it can be explained by use of an isodiegetic perspective, where the Johannine storyworld is informed by a larger narrative tradition in which the tetrarch Herod Antipas (ca. 4 BCE–39 CE) is a known adversary of Jesus, whose adherents strive to entrap him and get him killed. In view of the official’s expected patronal loyalty to “king” (βασιλεύς) Herod, his healing request can reasonably be presumed to be a trap until his appeal “Sir, come down before my child dies!” (John 4:49) clarifies that the man is not acting as a client, but as a father.
{"title":"Jesus’s Puzzling Retort to the Royal Official (John 4:48) in Isodiegetic Perspective","authors":"C. Berglund","doi":"10.1163/15685365-bja10060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685365-bja10060","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000When a “royal official” (βασιλικός) urges Jesus to help his dying son, Jesus surprisingly retorts (John 4:48): “Unless you people see signs and wonders, you will never believe!” Researchers find this outburst out of place in response to a desperate father, but this article argues that it can be explained by use of an isodiegetic perspective, where the Johannine storyworld is informed by a larger narrative tradition in which the tetrarch Herod Antipas (ca. 4 BCE–39 CE) is a known adversary of Jesus, whose adherents strive to entrap him and get him killed. In view of the official’s expected patronal loyalty to “king” (βασιλεύς) Herod, his healing request can reasonably be presumed to be a trap until his appeal “Sir, come down before my child dies!” (John 4:49) clarifies that the man is not acting as a client, but as a father.","PeriodicalId":19319,"journal":{"name":"Novum Testamentum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140254011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.1163/15685365-bja10066
Joey McCollum
This article concerns the likelihoods of competing textual reconstructions in the Chester Beatty Papyrus 𝔓⁴⁶ based on the available space in its lacunose lines. To quantify these relative probabilities, the author uses statistical models of line lengths in 𝔓⁴⁶ and a recently described technique for calculating the likelihood of a reconstructed lacunose text. He first demonstrates the power and versatility of this approach with examples in Gal 4:17 and 3:1. He then revisits two more contested textual reconstructions proposed for 𝔓⁴⁶: the absence of τῷ θεῷ in Heb 11:4, suggested by G.D. Kilpatrick in 1941, and the absence of σὺν ἐπισκόποις καὶ διακόνοις in Phil 1:1, suggested by T.C. Skeat in 1995. He shows that Kilpatrick’s proposed shorter reading in 𝔓⁴⁶ is six times more likely than the longer reading in Heb 11:4, while the evidence is not decisive between the readings in Phil 1:1.
{"title":"Textual Criticism in the Gaps","authors":"Joey McCollum","doi":"10.1163/15685365-bja10066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685365-bja10066","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article concerns the likelihoods of competing textual reconstructions in the Chester Beatty Papyrus 𝔓⁴⁶ based on the available space in its lacunose lines. To quantify these relative probabilities, the author uses statistical models of line lengths in 𝔓⁴⁶ and a recently described technique for calculating the likelihood of a reconstructed lacunose text. He first demonstrates the power and versatility of this approach with examples in Gal 4:17 and 3:1. He then revisits two more contested textual reconstructions proposed for 𝔓⁴⁶: the absence of τῷ θεῷ in Heb 11:4, suggested by G.D. Kilpatrick in 1941, and the absence of σὺν ἐπισκόποις καὶ διακόνοις in Phil 1:1, suggested by T.C. Skeat in 1995. He shows that Kilpatrick’s proposed shorter reading in 𝔓⁴⁶ is six times more likely than the longer reading in Heb 11:4, while the evidence is not decisive between the readings in Phil 1:1.","PeriodicalId":19319,"journal":{"name":"Novum Testamentum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140254597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1163/15685365-bja10057
Mikhail Seleznev
Abstract This article explores the usage of plural νόμοι versus singular νόμος throughout the whole corpus of the Greek Bible. Obviously, the singular is predominant. If we put aside later variants and textual traditions, the rare passages where the plural νόμοι is used (in Proverbs, Jeremiah, Esther, and 2 Maccabees) mutually elucidate each other: the plural occurs where the translators wanted to stress that the law(s) in question should be distinguished from the Torah. With respect to Jer 31:31–34 ( LXX 38:31–34) and the quotations from it in Hebrews, the article demonstrates that the plural νόμοι in the LXX cannot be explained by the Vorlage , as many modern researchers suggest, but was a conscious device used by the LXX translator. The aim of the translator, followed by the author of Hebrews, was to stress the distinction between the Law of Moses and the Laws of the New Covenant.
本文探讨了在整个希腊文圣经语料库中，复数ν ο μοι与单数ν ο μος的用法。显然，单数占主导地位。如果我们撇开后来的变体和文本传统不提，使用复数ν ο οι的罕见段落(在箴言、耶利米书、以斯帖书和马加比书中)相互阐明:复数出现在翻译者想要强调有问题的律法应该与Torah区分开来的地方。关于耶利米书31:31-34 (LXX书38:31-34)及其在希伯来书中的引文，文章表明，正如许多现代研究人员所认为的那样，LXX中的复数ν ν μοι不能被Vorlage解释，而是LXX译者有意识地使用的一种手段。希伯来书作者和译者的目的是强调摩西律法和新约律法之间的区别。
{"title":"Νόμος/νόμοι in the Septuagint and the Letter to the Hebrews","authors":"Mikhail Seleznev","doi":"10.1163/15685365-bja10057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685365-bja10057","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article explores the usage of plural νόμοι versus singular νόμος throughout the whole corpus of the Greek Bible. Obviously, the singular is predominant. If we put aside later variants and textual traditions, the rare passages where the plural νόμοι is used (in Proverbs, Jeremiah, Esther, and 2 Maccabees) mutually elucidate each other: the plural occurs where the translators wanted to stress that the law(s) in question should be distinguished from the Torah. With respect to Jer 31:31–34 ( LXX 38:31–34) and the quotations from it in Hebrews, the article demonstrates that the plural νόμοι in the LXX cannot be explained by the Vorlage , as many modern researchers suggest, but was a conscious device used by the LXX translator. The aim of the translator, followed by the author of Hebrews, was to stress the distinction between the Law of Moses and the Laws of the New Covenant.","PeriodicalId":19319,"journal":{"name":"Novum Testamentum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135886563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1163/15685365-12341732
M. Eugene Boring
{"title":"Das Evangelium in einem rhetorischen Brief: Ein Kommentar zum 1. Thessalonicherbrief, written by Ulrich Mell","authors":"M. Eugene Boring","doi":"10.1163/15685365-12341732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685365-12341732","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19319,"journal":{"name":"Novum Testamentum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135886564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1163/15685365-12341729
David du Toit
{"title":"Collected Essays on the Greek Bible and Greek Lexicography, written by John A. Lee","authors":"David du Toit","doi":"10.1163/15685365-12341729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685365-12341729","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19319,"journal":{"name":"Novum Testamentum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135886580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1163/15685365-12341733
Ulrich Huttner
{"title":"Colossae, Colossians, Philemon: The Interface, written by Alan H. Cadwallader","authors":"Ulrich Huttner","doi":"10.1163/15685365-12341733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685365-12341733","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19319,"journal":{"name":"Novum Testamentum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135886584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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